1、IEEE Std C37.118-2005(Revision ofIEEE Std 1344-1995)IEEE Standard for Synchrophasorsfor Power SystemsI E E E3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA22 March 2006IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by thePower System Relaying CommitteeRecognized as anAmerican National Standard (ANSI)The Institu
2、te of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2006 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 22 March 2006. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Pat
3、ent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educationalclassroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.NOTEAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subjectmatter covered by patent
4、 rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to theexistence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible foridentifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into thel
5、egal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.iiiIntroductionThe synchrophasor standard has been completely revised. The original standard was IEEE Std 1344-1995,which was reaffirmed in 2001. A working group was established in Janu
6、ary 2001 to update the standard.This new synchrophasor standard, IEEE Std C37.118-2005, replaces the original.Digital computer based measurement, protection, and control systems have become common features ofelectric power substations. These systems use sampled data to compute various quantities, su
7、ch as voltageand current phasors. Phasors are used in many protection and data acquisition functions, and their utility isincreased further by referencing them to a common time base. This can be accomplished by synchronizingthe signal input processes at various measuring sites. Simultaneous measurem
8、ent sets derived fromsynchronized phasors provide a vastly improved method for tracking power system dynamic phenomena forimproved power system monitoring, protection, operation, and control.In this standard, additional clarification is provided for the phasor and synchronized phasor definitions. Th
9、econcepts of total vector error (TVE) and compliance tests have been introduced. The message formats havebeen updated from the original standard to improve information exchange with other systems, such as amaster station. Specifically, the sync, frame size, and station identification fields have bee
10、n added to the dataframe, configuration frame, header frame, and command frame. The CRC-CCITT is the only valid checkword. In the data frame, analog data can now be included, the fraction of second field has replaced thesample count field, and the status field has been significantly modified to incl
11、ude time quality.Notice to usersErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL forerrata periodically.InterpretationsCurrent interpretations can be ac
12、cessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html.PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mattercovered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the
13、 existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifyingpatents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or forconducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are
14、brought to its attention.This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C37.118-2005, IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors for Power Systems.ivCopyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.ParticipantsThe following is a list of participants in the Synchrophasor Working Group: Ken Martin,ChairDan Hamai,Vice ChairT
15、he following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may havevoted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Mark AdamiakScott AndersonMiroslav BegovicGabriel BenmouyalGustavo BrunelloJohn BurgerJim Y. CaiWilliam DickersonVasudev GharpureDaniel KarlssonBill Ke
16、nnedyArun PhadkeJohan SaljVeselin SkendzicJohn SperrWilliam AckermanMark AdamiakMarcos AndradeAlexander ApostolovJohn AppleyardAli Al AwaziGeorge BartokKenneth BehrendtGabriel BenmouyalRobert BereshOscar BoladoStuart BorlaseStuart BoucheyGustavo BrunelloChristoph BrunnerJohn BurgerJim Y. CaiLuis Cor
17、onadoR. DaubertRatan DasByron DavenportGuru Dutt DhingraWilliam DickersonJerry DiSciulloPaul DrumAhmed ElneweihiGary EngmannHerbert FalkClaude FecteauRabiz FodaKenneth FoderoJonathan GardellAnthony GiulianteManuel GonzalezRon GreenthalerErich GuntherDan HamaiRoger HeddingCharles HenvilleJerry HohnDe
18、nnis HolsteinEdward Horgan Jr.James D. Huddleston, IIIChristopher Huntley David JacksonMartinez JesusDaniel KarlssonBill KennedyYuri KhersonskyEdward KrizauskasGregory LuriAmir MakkiKenneth MartinMichael McDonaldMark McGranaghanMichael MeisingerGary MichelBruce MuschlitzArun PhadkeMichael RobertsCha
19、rles RogersJames RuggieriDaniel SabinMohnidar S. SachdevJohan SaljTarlochan SidhuVeselin SkendzicJohn SperrCharles SufanaRick TaylorMichael ThompsonDemetrios TziouvarasEric UdrenThomas WiedmanPhilip WinstonMurty YallaCopyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.vThe final conditions for approval of this
20、 standard were met on 21 October 2005. This standard wasconditionally approved by the IEEE-SA Standards Board on 22 September 2005, with the followingmembership:Steve M. Mills,ChairRichard H. Hulett, Vice ChairDon Wright, Past ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included are the followi
21、ng nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeRichard DeBlasio, DOE RepresentativeAlan H. Cookson, NIST RepresentativeDon MessinaIEEE Standards Project EditorMark D. BowmanDennis B. BrophyJoseph BruderRichard CoxBob DavisJulian Forster*Joanna N. GueninMark S. Ha
22、lpinRaymond HapemanWilliam B. HopfLowell G. JohnsonHermann KochJoseph L. Koepfinger*David J. LawDaleep C. MohlaPaul NikolichT. W. OlsenGlenn ParsonsRonald C. PetersenGary S. RobinsonFrank StoneMalcolm V. ThadenRichard L. TownsendJoe D. WatsonHoward L. WolfmanviCopyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserve
23、d.Contents1. Overview 11.1 Scope 11.2 Purpose. 11.3 Need for this standard 22. Normative references. 23. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 23.1 Definitions 23.2 Acronyms and abbreviations 34. Synchrophasor measurement . 44.1 Phasor definition 44.2 Synchrophasor definition. 44.3 Measurement ti
24、metag for synchrophasors . 64.4 System time synchronization . 65. Synchrophasor measurement requirements and compliance verification 65.1 Synchrophasor estimation 65.2 Accuracy limits 75.3 Compliance verification. 86. Synchrophasor message format . 106.1 Message application. 106.2 Message framework.
25、 106.3 Data frame 156.4 Configuration frame. 186.5 Header frame 206.6 Command frame. 21Annex A (informative) Bibliography. 22Annex B (informative) Cyclic redundancy check codes . 23Annex C (informative) Timetagging and transient response. 27Annex D (informative) Message examples 31Annex E (informati
26、ve) Sources of synchronization. 38Annex F (informative) Time and synchronization communication. 41Annex G (informative) Benchmark tests . 47Annex H (informative) TVE evaluation and PMU testing 52Annex I (normative) Synchrophasor message mapping into communications . 56Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights
27、 reserved.1IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors for Power Systems1. OverviewThis standard covers synchronized phasor measurements used in electric power systems. It defines themeasurement, provides a method of quantifying the measurements, and quality test specifications. It alsodefines data transmissio
28、n formats for real-time data reporting. Clause 1 provides the scope and needs for thestandard. Clause 2 references other standards that are related or may be useful in the study and application ofthis standard. Clause 3 defines terms and acronyms found in this standard. Clause 4 defines themeasureme
29、nt. Clause 5 defines measurement requirements, a method of quantifying the measurement, a testmethod, and accuracy limits. Clause 6 defines the real-time communication protocol and message formats.Eight informative annexes are provided to clarify the standard and give supporting information. Annex A
30、 isa bibliography. Annex B gives information about cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes and the CRCrequired by this standard. Annex C explores the effects of timetagging and transient response relevant to thismeasurement technique. Annex D illustrates the message formats defined in Clause 6 with comp
31、letemessage examples. Annex E provides background on time synchronization sources needed for thismeasurement. Annex F discusses time synchronization. Annex G provides examples of tests that can bemade to characterize these measurements. Annex H explains the total vector error (TVE) concept ofmeasure
32、ment quality and gives plots of error results. Annex I defines message mapping into standardcommunication protocols.1.1 ScopeThis is a standard for synchronized phasor measurement systems in power systems. It addresses thedefinition of a synchronized phasor, time synchronization, application of time
33、tags, method to verifymeasurement compliance with the standard, and message formats for communication with a phasormeasurement unit (PMU). In this context, a PMU can be a stand-alone physical unit or a functional unitwithin another physical unit. This standard does not specify limits to measurement
34、response time, accuracyunder transient conditions, hardware, software, or a method for computing phasors.1.2 PurposeThis standard defines synchronized phasor measurements in substations so that the measurement equipmentcan be readily interfaced with associated systems. It specifies data formats and
35、synchronizationrequirements to allow correlating phasors from various sources and compares them with similar data fromdifferent measurement systems.IEEEStd C37.118-2005 IEEE STANDARD FOR SYNCHROPHASORS FOR POWER SYSTEMS2Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.1.3 Need for this standardRecent develo
36、pments in the field of power system data acquisition provide users with the ability to calculatepower system phasor quantities in real time. Different hardware and software approaches are beingimplemented to record, transmit, and analyze these measurements, both in real time and post event. Astandar
37、d is needed for integrating measurement systems into power system environments, to specify dataoutput formats, and to ensure that the measurement processes are producing comparable results. Thesynchrophasor standard will help ensure maximum benefits from the phasor measurements and allowinterchange
38、of data between a wide variety of systems for users of both real-time and off-line phasormeasurements.2. Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the lat
39、est edition of the referenceddocument (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.IEEE Std 754, IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic.1,2IEEE Std 1588, IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for NetworkedMeasurement and Control Systems.IRIG Standard 200, IRIG
40、Serial Time Code Formats, Telecommunications and Timing Group, RangeCommanders Council, U.S. Army White Sands Missile Range.33. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations3.1 DefinitionsFor the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary ofIEEE Stan
41、dard Terms B44should be referenced for terms not defined in this subclause.3.1.1 anti-aliasing:The process of filtering a signal when converting to a sampled form to remove thecomponents of that signal whose frequency is equal to or greater than one-half the Nyquist rate (samplerate). If not removed
42、, these signal components would appear as a lower frequency component (an alias).3.1.2 IEEE floating point: A 32-bit representation of a real number in accordance with IEEE Std 754.3.1.3 Nyquist rate:A rate that is twice the highest frequency component in the input analog signal. Theanalog signal mu
43、st be sampled at a rate greater than the Nyquist rate to be represented accurately in digitalform.3.1.4 phasor:A complex equivalent of a simple cosine wave quantity such that the complex modulus is thecosine wave amplitude and the complex angle (in polar form) is the cosine wave phase angle.1IEEE pu
44、blications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854,USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/).2The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3This
45、 standard is available at http:/www.jcte.jcs.mil/RCC/manuals/200-04/TT-45.pdf.4The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A.IEEEIEEE STANDARD FOR SYNCHROPHASORS FOR POWER SYSTEMS Std C37.118-2005Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.33.1.5 synchronism:The state where
46、 connected alternating-current systems, machines, or a combinationoperate at the same frequency and where the phase-angle displacements between voltages in them areconstant or vary about a steady and stable average value.3.1.6 synchronized phasor:A phasor calculated from data samples using a standar
47、d time signal as thereference for the measurement. Synchronized phasors from remote sites have a defined common phaserelationship. Syn:synchrophasor.3.2 Acronyms and abbreviationsBCD binary coded decimalC/A code coarse acquisition codeCRC-CCITT 16-bit cyclic redundancy check5DC data concentrator DoD
48、 U.S. Department of DefenseDoT U.S. Department of TransportationFRP Federal Radionavigation PlanGALILEO Proposed European radionavigation systemGLONASS Russian satellite-based radionavigation systemGOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite.GPS Global Positioning System INMARSAT Internat
49、ional Maritime Satellite SystemIRIG-B InterRange Instrumentation Group Time Code Format BLoran C LOng RANge navigation system NTP network time protocolPDC phasor data concentrator PMU phasor measurement unit PPS pulse per secondROM read-only memoryrms root-mean-squareSA selective availability5The CRC-CCITT is calculated using the generating polynomial X16 + X12 + X5 + 1, seed value 0xFFFF (1), no final mask.IEEEStd C37.118-2005 IEEE STANDARD FOR SYNCHROPHASORS FOR POWER SYSTEMS4Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.SBS straight binary secondSCADA Supervisory Co
