1、 IEEE Standard Terminology for Power and Distribution Transformers Sponsored by the Transformers Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA 17 December 2010IEEE Power +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be
2、obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C57.12.80-2010, IEEE Standard Terminology for Power and Distribution Transformers. This revision of IEEE Std C57.12.80 incorporates several updates sin
3、ce the last revision in 2002. These changes include: a) A complete re-format of the document to bring it to compliance with the latest IEEE Standards Word Template, including the automatic number for each of the terms in alphabetical order. b) Correction of several errors in equations and the update
4、 of equations to the built-in MS equation format to ease future maintenance and revisions. c) The addition or update of terms such as distribution substation transformer, draw lead bushing, electronic transformers, natural ester fluid, parallel transformers, terminal pair, and thermally upgraded pap
5、er. d) The removal of obsolete cooling class designations (OA, OA/FA, etc.) from the normative portion of the document and moved into an informative annex (Annex A) to provide historical reference. e) The removal of obsolete terms such as corona and other long form description of various cooling sta
6、ges for oil-immersed transformers. f) The addition of an informative annex (Annex A) to provide guidance on the assignment of letters in the cooling class designation. g) Removal of references in Clause 2 not cited normatively into the bibliography. h) The removal of IEC 50 from Normative Reference
7、since understanding of the IEC definition is not required for the application of this document. In some cases, where applicable, a reference to synonymous IEC 50 term is included for the users convenience only. Added IEC 50 to the Bibliography (Annex B). Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of
8、 these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements.
9、 IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private use
10、s. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any r
11、ights in copyright to this document. v Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendment
12、s, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through t
13、he issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association web site at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, v
14、isit the IEEE-SA web site at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Curren
15、t interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no positi
16、on is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whet
17、her any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of in
18、fringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. vi Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this standard was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the IEEE C57.12.80
19、Working Group had the following membership: Bill Chiu, Chair Peter Balma Donald Fallon Ramsis Girgis James Graham William Henning Michael Lau Thomas Lundquist J. Dennis Marlow Richard Marek Donald Platts Paulette Powell Thomas Prevost Jeff Ray Timothy Raymond John Rossetti H. Jin Sim Steven Snyder J
20、ane Ann Verner Loren Wagenaar The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Michael Adams Samuel Aguirre Steven Alexanderson Stephen Antosz I. Antweiler Stan Arnot Carlo Arpin
21、o Ali Al Awazi Peter Balma Barry Beaster Wallace Binder Thomas Bishop Thomas Blackburn William Bloethe W. Boettger Steven Brockschink Kent Brown William Byrd Yunxiang Chen Bill Chiu Craig Colopy Tommy Cooper John Crouse Dieter Dohnal Randall Dotson Fred Elliott Gary Engmann Donald Fallon Michael Fau
22、lkenberry Joseph Foldi Paul Forquer Bruce Forsyth Marcel Fortin Derek Foster Fredric Friend Saurabh Ghosh Jalal Gohari Eduardo Gomez-Hennig Edwin Goodwin James Graham Randall Groves Bal Gupta Ajit Gwal David Harris Robert Hartgrove Adrienne Hendrickson William Henning Steven Hensley Gary Heuston Gar
23、y Hoffman James Huddleston, III R. Jackson Erwin Jauch Piotr Karocki Gael Kennedy Sheldon Kennedy Yuri Khersonsky J. Koepfinger Neil Kranich David Krause Jim Kulchisky Saumen Kundu John Lackey Chung-Yiu Lam Stephen Lambert Thomas La Rose Larry A. Lowdermilk William Lowe Keith Malmedal Richard Marek
24、J. Dennis Marlow John W Matthews Lee Matthews Joseph Melanson Daniel Mulkey Jerry Murphy Carl Niemann Joe Nims Bansi Patel Shawn Patterson J. Patton Brian Penny Allan St Peter Donald Platts Alvaro Portillo Gustav Preininger Thomas Prevost Iulian Profir Ryland Revelle Michael Roberts Charles Rogers O
25、leg Roizman John Rossetti Marnie Roussell Thomas Rozek Bartien Sayogo Devki Sharma Stephen Shull Hyeong Sim James Smith Jerry Smith Steven Snyder John Sullivan Michael Swearingen David Tepen James Thompson T. Traub Alan Traut John Vergis Jane Ann Verner David Wallach William Wessman Alan Wilks James
26、 Wilson Roland Youngberg Matthew Zeedyk Ahmed Zobaavi Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 30 September 2010, it had the following membership: Robert M. Grow, Chair Richard H. Hulett, Vice Chair Steve M. Mills, Past Chair Judith Gorman,
27、 Secretary Karen Bartleson Victor Berman Ted Burse Clint Chaplin Andy Drozd Alexander Gelman Jim Hughes Young Kyun Kim Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Ronald C. Petersen Ted Olsen Thomas Prevost Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca Mike Seavey Curtis Siller Don Wrigh
28、t *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Don Messina IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Soo Kim IEEE Standards Program
29、 Manager, Technical Program Development vii Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Normative references 1 3. Definitions 2 Annex A (informative) Liquid-Immersed Transformers Cooling Class Designation Scheme and Obsolete Terms 44 A.1 Transforme
30、r Cooling Class Designation Diagram 44 A.2 Obsolete Cooling Class Terminology . 45 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 46 1 Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Standard Terminology for Power and Distribution Transformers IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, sec
31、urity, health, or environmental protection. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. Thes
32、e notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.h
33、tml. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This standard is a compilation of terminology and definitions related to electric power and distribution transformers and associated apparatus. It also includes similar terminology relating to power systems and insulation which is commonly involved in transformer technolog
34、y. 1.2 Purpose The purpose of this standard is to provide definitions and consistent interpretation of the commonly used terminology used in the electric power and distribution transformers and associated apparatus. 2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the
35、 application of this document (i.e. they must be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (includi
36、ng any amendments or corrigenda) applies. IEEE Std C57.12.80-2010 IEEE Standard Terminology for Power and Distribution Transformers 2 Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 4TM-1995, IEEE Standard Techniques for High-Voltage Testing.1,2IEEE Std C57.12.90TM, IEEE Standard Test Code for Li
37、quid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers. 3. Definitions 3.1 AA: The cooling class for a dry-type self-cooled transformer or reactor that is cooled by the natural circulation of air. Syn: AN (IEC 50)3,4. 3.2 AA/FA: The cooling class for a dry-type transformer that has a self-co
38、oled rating with cooling obtained by the natural circulation of air and a forced-air-cooled rating with cooling obtained by the forced circulation of air. Syn: AN/AF (IEC 50). 3.3 accessible: Admitting close approach because not guarded by locked doors, elevation, or other effective means. 3.4 acces
39、sories: Devices that perform a secondary or minor duty as an adjunct or refinement to the primary or major duty of a unit of equipment. 3.5 additive: A chemical compound or compounds added to an insulating fluid for the purpose of imparting new properties or altering those properties that the fluid
40、already has. 3.6 AFA: The cooling class for a dry-type forced-air-cooled transformer that derives its cooling by the forced circulation of air. Syn: AF (IEC 50). 3.7 alternating current: A periodic current the average value of which over a period is zero. NOTEUnless distinctly specified otherwise, t
41、he term alternating current refers to a current that reverses at regularly recurring intervals of time and that has alternately positive and negative values.53.8 alternating-current saturable reactor: A reactor whose impedance varies cyclically with the alternating current (or voltage). 3.9 alternat
42、ing-current winding of a rectifier transformer: The primary winding that is connected to the alternating-current circuit and usually has no conductive connection with the main electrodes of the rectifier. 3.10 ambient sound pressure level: The sound pressure level measured at the test facility or at
43、 the substation without the transformer energized. 3.11 ambient temperature: The temperature of the medium such as air, water, or earth into which the heat of the equipment is dissipated. 1IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Pisc
44、ataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org). 2The IEEE standards or products referred to in Clause 2 are trademarks owned by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated. 3Cross-references are made to certain terms that appear in IEC 50 B5, the international standard for
45、International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. These terms can be identified when “(IEC 50)” follows the term. 4The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex B. 5Notes in text, tables, and figures of a standard are given for information only and do not contain requirements nee
46、ded to implement this standard. IEEE Std C57.12.80-2010 IEEE Standard Terminology for Power and Distribution Transformers 3 Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. NOTE 1 For self-ventilated equipment, the ambient temperature is the average temperature of the air in the immediate vicinity of the e
47、quipment. NOTE 2 For air- or gas-cooled equipment with forced ventilation or secondary water cooling, the ambient temperature is taken as that of the in-going air or cooling gas. NOTE 3 For self-ventilated enclosed (including oil-immersed) equipment considered as a complete unit, the ambient tempera
48、ture is the average temperature of the air outside of the enclosure in the immediate neighborhood of the equipment. 3.12 ampacity: Current-carrying capacity expressed in amperes, of a wire or cable under stated thermal conditions. 3.13 angular displacement of a polyphase transformer: The phase angle
49、 expressed in degrees between the line-to-neutral voltage of the reference identified high-voltage terminal and the line-to-neutral voltage of the corresponding identified low-voltage terminal. NOTEThe preferred connection and arrangement of terminal markings for polyphase transformers are those that have the smallest possible phase-angle displacements and are measured in a clockwise direction from the line-to-neutral voltage of the reference identified high-voltage terminal. Thus standard three-phase transformers have angular displacements of either zero or 30 de
