1、IEEE Std C62.21-2003IEEE StandardsC62.21TMIEEE Guide for the Application ofSurge Voltage Protective Equipmenton AC Rotating Machinery 1000 Vand GreaterPublished by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA28 April 2004IEEE Power Engineerin
2、g SocietySponsored by theSurge Protective Devices CommitteeIEEE StandardsPrint: SH95200PDF: SS95200Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Standards Staff. Downloaded on March 23, 2009 at 15:44 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Standards Staff. Downloaded
3、 on March 23, 2009 at 15:44 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 28 April 2004. Printed in
4、 the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educationalclassroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.NOTEAttention is called to the possibility that implem
5、entation of this standard may require use of subjectmatter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the exist-ence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifyingpatents for which a lic
6、ense may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal valid-ity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Standards Staff. Downloaded on March 23, 2009 at 15:44 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.Copyright 200
7、4 IEEE. All rights reserved.iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C62.21-2003, IEEE Guide for the Application of Surge Voltage ProtectiveEquipment on AC Rotating Machinery 1000 V and Greater.)This guide started with the publishing of an IEEE transactions paper in 1981 by a Workin
8、g Group of theRotating Machinery Committee. That paper, “Impulse Voltage Strength of AC Rotating Machines,” made asignificant contribution to the ease of protecting electric utility rotating machines from surges. The paperindicated that ac machines could be expected to withstand surge fronts of five
9、 microseconds with magnitudeequal to the crest of the factory test voltage, and could withstand surge fronts as short as 200 nanosecondswith magnitude equal to two times crest line-to-ground rated voltage. At that time, ac machine manufactur-ers were usually recommending that large motors be surge p
10、rotected on the grounds that protection wascheap and failure was costly. It was recognized that most of the knowledge was with the manufacturers, notthe users. There was little measured data on the actual surge environment experienced by machines, nor wasthere measured data of actual withstand volta
11、ge or voltage to breakdown of machines in service. In addition,a survey of several thousand motors in industrial service showed that few were equipped with surge protec-tion, and there was almost no evidence of failure due to absence of surge protection. A survey by WG 3.4.9of Surge Protective Devic
12、es Committee found (from a small sample of utility installations) that surge protec-tive capacitors were failing at about the same rate as those motor insulation failures that were not caused byoverheating. It was also recognized that capacitor leads as usually installed, and even when of quite shor
13、tlengths, have sufficient inductance to prevent the capacitor from protecting the machine from steep-frontsurges. Motor starting surge fronts as short as 200 nanoseconds had been measured. At the instigation of an Edison Electric Institute committee and with electric utility support, the ElectricPow
14、er Research Institute (EPRI) undertook a research program to investigate the surge environment beingexperienced by ac rotating machines, and machine surge withstand strength. The effort was directed tounderstand and be able to predict whether a particular machine was at risk. Both motors and generat
15、orswere investigated. Particular attention was given to the problem of steep-front surges produced by full-volt-age starting of motors (across-the-line). Much of the field and analytical work was contracted by EPRI toOntario Hydro. By courtesy of EPRI and Ontario Hydro, and at their expense, IEEE tr
16、ansaction papers wereprepared to make the substance of their research generally available to the electric power industry and forpreparation of IEEE guides. Concurrent with the EPRI/Ontario Hydro work, the National Electrical Manufacturers Association(NEMA), the International Electrotechnical Commiss
17、ion (IEC), and the IEEE have developed factory surgetest standards for some ac machines.This guide is intended to aid engineers at all levels of surge protection knowledge in deciding whether par-ticular machines should have surge protection. The guide may be used in estimating the surge withstandca
18、pability and switching surge exposure of ac rotating machinery in usual, not extreme exposure,installations.Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Standards Staff. Downloaded on March 23, 2009 at 15:44 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.ivCopyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.ParticipantsAt t
19、he time this guide was completed Working Group 3.4.9 of the PES Surge Protective Devices Committeehad the following membership:David W. Jackson,ChairAt the time this guide was completed, the PES Surge Protective Devices Committee had the followingmembership:J. J. Woodworth,ChairG. L. Goedde,Vice Cha
20、irD. Dorr,SecretaryThe following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted forapproval, disapproval, or abstention. James J. BurkeE. Peter DickDan DunlapThomas FieldA. Bob HilemanRonald W. HotchkissE.W. KnappJoseph L. KoepfingerSubinoy MazumdarBert ParsonsTh
21、omas RozekKeith B. StumpEva J. TarasiewiczEdgar R. Taylor, Jr.Ron WellmanSteve G. WhisenantJeffrey S. WilliamsJames W. Wilson, Jr. C. ChrysanthouR. CohenM. G. ComberW. CurryD. C. DawsonM. deNigrisD. Dorr J. P. DuPontC. C. ErvenJ. FunkeE. GalloW. GoldbachA. HaaJ. HarrisonT. C. HartmanS. HensleyA. R.
22、HilemanV. HinrichsenD. HutchinsD. W. JacksonD. Jennings-ConnerB. JohnnerfeltP. JonesW. KappJ. L. KoepfingerB. Lee G. E. LeeD. W. Lenk (Past Chair)R. T. LeskovichC. LindquistE. H. Marrow, Jr.A. MartinF. D. MartzloffK. NolanR. OdenbergH. W. OertelJ. C. OsterhoutM. ParenteT. RozekH. SteinhoffK. B. Stum
23、pE. TarasiewiczE. R. TaylorR. ThallamD. TurnerD. UnterwegerA. VitolsR. WallingS. F. WatererJ. W. WilsonD. M. WordenBehdad BiglarMark BushnellJames CaseTommy CooperMike DarbyGuru Dutt DhingraRonald DaubertGary EngmannClifford ErvenThomas FieldErnie GalloWilliam GoldbachRandall GrovesBal GuptaJohn E.
24、HarderRaymond HillEdward Horgan Jr.Ronald HotchkissDavid JacksonJoseph L. KoepfingerStephen R. LambertGerald LeeBoyd LeuenbergerJason LinLisardo LouridoAl MaguireJesus MartinezMark McGranaghanNigel McQuinGary MichelAbdul MousaArun NarangCharles NgetheFredrick OKeefeJoe OsterhoutThomas RozekJames Rug
25、gieriH. Jin SimHarinderpal SinghKeith B. StumpGerald VaughnJames W. Wilson, Jr.Zhenxue XuAuthorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Standards Staff. Downloaded on March 23, 2009 at 15:44 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.vWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board app
26、roved this standard on 10 December 2003, it had the followingmembership:Don Wright,ChairHoward M. Frazier,Vice ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Alan Cookson, NIST RepresentativeSatish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representativ
27、eDon MessinaIEEE Standards Project EditorH. Stephen BergerJoe BruderBob DavisRichard DeBlasioJulian Forster*Toshio FukudaArnold M. GreenspanRaymond HapemanDonald M. HeirmanLaura HitchcockRichard H. HulettAnant JainLowell G. JohnsonJoseph L. Koepfinger*Tom McGeanSteve MillsDaleep C. MohlaWilliam J. M
28、oylanPaul NikolichGary RobinsonMalcolm V. ThadenGeoffrey O. ThompsonDoug ToppingHoward L. WolfmanAuthorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Standards Staff. Downloaded on March 23, 2009 at 15:44 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.viCopyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.Contents1. Overview 11.1 Sc
29、ope 21.2 Purpose. 22. References 23. Definitions 44. The basic means of machine surge protection. 54.1 The fundamental protective system. 64.2 Risk analysis 74.3 Multi-turn machine impulse voltage withstand strength . 85. Sources of surges . 115.1 General. 115.2 Remote and local origin surges 125.3
30、Remote origin surges . 125.4 Surges from faults, local origin 135.5 Switching surges, local origin 145.6 Historical background, motor starting surges 145.7 Surges during de-energizing motors 155.8 Full-voltage motor starting, prestrike voltage 165.9 Limitations of surge capacitor protection 196. Mot
31、or surge protection. 206.1 Reasons for surge protection of motors started across-the-line (full-voltage start). 206.2 Strategies for motor surge protection. 216.3 Practical calculation of full-voltage starting surges at motor terminals 22Annex A (normative) Formulas for calculators or personal compu
32、ters 31Annex B (informative) Bibliography. 38Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Standards Staff. Downloaded on March 23, 2009 at 15:44 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Guide for the Application of Surge Voltage Protective Equipment on AC Rotat
33、ing Machinery 1000 Vand Greater 1. OverviewSome rotating machines may require surge protection, especially if they are exposed to lightning or capaci-tor switching, are started frequently, or are critical to a process. The coil insulation of the stator winding ofac rotating machines has a relatively
34、 low impulse strength. The insulation consists of groundwall insulationand turn insulation. The groundwall insulation surrounds all the turns in a coil, insulating between the coiland the stator iron. Turn insulation is around each turn so as to insulate between the several turns in a coil.Stator wi
35、nding insulation systems of ac machines are exposed to stresses due to the steady-state operatingvoltages and also to steep-fronted surges of high amplitudes. Both types of voltages stress the groundwallinsulation. Steep-fronted surges also stress the turn insulation. If the rise time of the surge v
36、oltage is steep(0.1 to 0.2 s) most of the surge will appear across the line end-coil that is closest to the line terminal. Thisis a nonlinear voltage distribution that can damage the turn insulation even though the magnitude of thesurge is limited to a value that can be safely withstood by the groun
37、dwall insulation.Steep-fronted surges appearing across machine terminals are caused by lightning strikes, normal circuitbreaker operation, switching of power factor correcting capacitors, and for motors, starting, aborted starts,bus transfers, and switching windings (or speeds) in two-speed motors.
38、Turn insulation testing also imposesa high stress on the insulation system.The crest value and rise time of the surge at the machine depends on the transient event taking place, on theelectrical system design, and on the number and characteristics of all other devices in the system. Theseinclude, bu
39、t are not limited to the following: The machine The cables connecting the machine to the switching device The conduit and conduit grounding The type of switching device The length of the connected switchgear bus The number of other circuits connected to that busAuthorized licensed use limited to: IE
40、EE Standards Staff. Downloaded on March 23, 2009 at 15:44 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.IEEEStd C62.21-2003 IEEE GUIDE FOR THE APPLICATION OF SURGE VOLTAGE PROTECTIVE 2Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.Because of the many variables involved, the surge magnitudes and rise times can be u
41、npredictable. Eventhough surge withstand capability levels are specified for the windings, it may be desirable for critical appli-cations that surge protective devices also be installed at or very close to the machine terminals. These willslope back, i.e., lengthen, the rise time of the incoming sur
42、ge so it will distribute more evenly throughout thewinding. The relatively low impulse strength of rotating machines indicates that they may need their ownsurge protective equipment even though they may be partially protected from connected exposed overheadline(s) through apparatus (transformers, re
43、gulators, reactors, or cables) whose line side is adequately pro-tected by a surge protective device.1.1 ScopeThis guide covers the application of surge voltage protective equipment to ac rotating machines rated 1000V and greater. The guide does not cover motors applied in solid-state switched adjus
44、table speed drives. Thisstandard, the first part of two parts, covers the insulation surge withstand strength of motors and generatorswith windings having form-wound multi-turn coils and the application of surge protection to form-woundmulti-turn coil motors. The second part will cover application o
45、f surge protection to generators with form-wound multi-turn coils, plus insulation surge withstand strength and surge protection of single-turn coilgenerators and motors.1.2 PurposeThis guide is intended to aid engineers at all levels of surge protection knowledge in deciding whether par-ticular mac
46、hines should have surge protection. The guide may be used in estimating the surge withstandcapability and switching surge exposure of ac rotating machinery in usual, not extreme exposure, installa-tions. The manufacturer should be contacted for specific insulation surge voltage withstand values form
47、achinery of particular interest or importance.For those machines that should be protected, the purpose is to provide guidance in selecting and applying theprotective devices. A simple look-up method using tables and a graph is provided for quick estimation ofsurge rise times and surge voltage levels
48、, and for general use where accuracies in the order of 10% to 15%are acceptable. This method is based on single-phase analysis, neglecting the influence of ground modesurge propagation. A more complex method is provided by formulas to model the three-phase and groundmode propagation. The formulas ca
49、n be used with calculators or personal computers. 2. ReferencesThe use of this guide may be aided when used in conjunction with the following standards. When a refer-enced standard is superseded by an approved revision, the revision shall apply.EPCC (Electric Power Coordinating Committee, South Africa) Guide for the Application of SwitchingSurge Suppressors to Medium Voltage Motors, Aug. 1992.1IEC 60034-15: 1995, Rotating Electrical Machines, Part 19: Impulse Voltage Withstand Levels of ACRotating Machines with Form-Wound Stator Coils.21EPCC publications are available
