1、Recommended PracticeforPhotobiological Safety forLamps and LampSystems GeneralRequirementsANSI/IESNA RP-27.1-05The LIGHTINGAUTHORITYCopyright Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Provided by IHS under license with IESNANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without licens
2、e from IHS-,-,-ANSI/IESNA RP-27.1-05Recommended Practice forPhotobiological Safety for Lamps and Lamp Systems - General RequirementsPrepared by The IESNA Photobiology CommitteeCopyright Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Provided by IHS under license with IESNANot for ResaleNo reprodu
3、ction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Prepared by The IESNA Photobiology CommitteeRobert E. Levin, ChairRolf BergmanGeorge BrainardJohn Bullough*Alex ClarkeRichard Collins*Gilberto Da Costa*Ronald Daubach*Paul ForbesJoseph GrecoDavid Gross*Herbert HooverAndrew JacksonR. Landry*A
4、. Lewis*Martin Mainster*Sharon MillerSteven MintzRobert Nigrello*Michael Phillips*Richard SayreJames SheehyMilena Simeonova*Dave SlineyAmbler ThompsonRichard VincentTeresa WestMyron WolbarshtEd YandekSeymour Zigman* *Advisory membersIESNA RP-27.1-05Copyright Illuminating Engineering Society of North
5、 America Provided by IHS under license with IESNANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright 2005 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the IESNA Board of Directors, October 15, 2005, as a Transaction of the Illuminating
6、 EngineeringSociety of North America.Approved as an American National Standard July 15, 2005All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in any electronic retrieval systemor otherwise, without prior written permission of the IESNA.Published by the Illuminating Engi
7、neering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005.IESNA Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the IESNA Officein New York. Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors are noted in this document, pleaseforward them
8、 to Rita Harrold, Director Educational and Technical Development, at the above address for verifi-cation and correction. The IESNA welcomes and urges feedback and comments. ISBN # 978-0-87995-210-50-87995-210-5Printed in the United States of America.DISCLAIMERIESNA publications are developed through
9、 the consensus standards development process approved by theAmerican National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpointsand interests to achieve consensus on lighting recommendations. While the IESNA administers the processand establishes policies and
10、 procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it makes noguaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. The IESNA disclaims liability for any injury to persons or property or other damages of any nature whatsoever,whether special, indi
11、rect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication,use of, or reliance on this documentIn issuing and making this document available, the IESNA is not undertaking to render professional or otherservices for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the IESN
12、A undertaking to perform any duty owed byany person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independentjudgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of rea-sonable care in any given circumstances.The I
13、ESNA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this doc-ument. Nor does the IESNA list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance withthis document. Any certification or statement of compliance with the requirements of
14、 this document shall notbe attributable to the IESNA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.Copyright Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Provided by IHS under license with IESNANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license f
15、rom IHS-,-,-Contents1.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 Definitions3.1 Blue Light Hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 Continuous Wave (CW) Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、 . . . . . . . . 13.3 Erythema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 Exposure Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . 23.5 Exposure Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.6 General Lighting Source, GLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7 Hazard Distan
19、ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.8 Infrared Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.9 Lamp . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.10 Lamp System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.11 Lamp Packaging . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.12 Minimal Perceptible Erythema, MPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 3.13 Ocular Hazard Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.14 Photokeratoconjunctivitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.15 Pulsed Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.16 Retinal Burn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.17 Retinal Hazard Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.18 Skin Hazard Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.19 Ultraviolet Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . 33.20 Visible Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.21 Visual Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、34.0 Exposure Limits4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Copyright Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Provided by IHS under license with IESNANot for ResaleNo reproduction or
27、networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-4.2 Ultraviolet Exposure Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . 34.2.2 200 nm to 400 nm Skin and Eye Exposure Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2.3 320 nm to 400 nm Eye Exposure Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3 Light and Near Infrared Radiation Exposure Limits .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3.1 Retinal Thermal Hazard Exposure Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3.2 Retinal Blue Light Hazard Exposure Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
30、.3.3 Retinal Blue Light Hazard Exposure Limit - Small Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.3.4 The Aphakic Eye Hazard Exposure Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.3.5 Infrared Radiation Hazard Exposure Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.3.6 Infrared Radiation Hazard Exposure Limit - Weak Visual Stimulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.3.7 Skin - Thermal Hazard Exposure Limit5.0 Measurements of Lamps and Lamp Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
32、5.1 Radiance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.2 Irradiance or Radiant Exposure Field of View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.3 Instruments . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.4 Test Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.0 Specific Requirements . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.1 Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.2 Technical Information . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.3 Lamp System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.4 User Precautions - General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Annex A - Summary of Biological Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Annex B - Units and Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Annex C - Examples of Warning Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Copyright Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Provided by IHS under license with IESNANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-1ANSI/IESNA RP-27.1-05Photobiological Safety for Lamps andLamps Systems - GeneralRequirem
39、ents1.0 INTRODUCTIONLamps were developed and produced in large quan-tities and became commonplace in an era whenindustry-wide safety standards were not common.The evaluation and control of lamp hazards is a farmore complicated subject than similar tasks for a sin-gle-wavelength laser system. The req
40、uired radiomet-ric measurements are quite involved, for they do notdeal with the simple optics of a point source, butrather with an extended source which may or may notbe altered by diffusers or projection optics. Also, thewavelength distribution of the lamp may be altered byancillary optical elemen
41、ts, diffusers, lenses, and thelike, as well as variations in operating voltage.To evaluate a broad-band optical source, such as anarc lamp, an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp,an array of lamps or a lamp system, it first is neces-sary to determine the spectral distribution of opticalradiation e
42、mitted from the source at the point orpoints of nearest human access. This accessibleemission spectral distribution of interest for a lightingsystem may differ from that actually being emitted bythe lamp alone due to the filtration by any optical ele-ments (e.g., projection optics) in the light path
43、.Secondly, the size, or projected size, of the sourcemust be characterized in the retinal hazard spectralregion. Thirdly, it may be necessary to determine thevariation of irradiance and projected radiance (seethe Glossary) with distance. The performance of thenecessary measurements is not an easy ta
44、sk withoutsophisticated instruments. Users must normally relyupon the expertise of manufacturers for informationon lamps and lamp systems. Safety requirementsand reference measurement techniques for lampsand specific lamp systems are provided in later stan-dards of this series, viz., RP-27.2, RP-27.
45、3. Finally, there are well known optical radiation hazardsassociated with some lamps and lamp systems. Thepurpose of these standards is to inform the public andoriginal equipment manufacturers (OEMs) aboutpotential radiation hazards that may be associatedwith various lamps and lamp systems. It is al
46、so thepurpose of these standards to provide guidance,advice, and standard methods for evaluating andinforming the user, both the public and the OEM,about the potential optical radiation hazards that maybe associated with these products.2.0 SCOPEThis Recommended Practice covers the evaluationand cont
47、rol of optical radiation hazards from all elec-trically powered sources of optical radiation that emitin the wavelength range from 200 nm through 3,000nm (3.0 H9262m) except for light emitting diodes (LEDs)used in optical fiber communication systems and forlasers which are covered in a separate seri
48、es ofANSI standards (Series Z136). Federal mandatoryrequirements for lamps subject to specific FederalRegulations take precedence over requirements insubsequent standards included in this series.Note 1: Units of wavelength in this document areexclusively in nanometers (nm).Note 2: Subtended angles a
49、re denoted by the fullincluded angle, not the half angle.3.0 DEFINITIONSFor standard nomenclature and definitions, radiomet-ric and photometric quantities, and illuminating engi-neering terminology, refer to ANSI/IESNA RP-16-2005, Nomenclature and Definitions for IlluminatingEngineering. Certain frequently used terms aredefined in the Glossary.3.1 Blue Light HazardPotential for a photochemically induced retinal injuryre
