1、 1 ANSI/IICRC S500 Standard for Professional Water Damage Restoration Fourth Edition Published November 2015 This document supersedes the ANSI/IICRC Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration S500-94, S500 Second and Third Editions. Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and R
2、estoration Certification 4043 South Eastern Avenue Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA Phone (775) 553 5458 www.iicrc.org Copyright 1994, 1999, 2006, 2015 by the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification (IICRC). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used or reproduced in
3、 any manner whatsoever without written permission from the IICRC. Printed in the United States of America 2 Disclaimer This Standard and Reference Guide (S500) is intended to provide information about the restoration of water-damaged structures and contents and to assist individuals and entities wor
4、king in the water damage restoration industry in establishing and maintaining their professional competence. Users of this document must keep abreast of the rapid developments in the field of water damage restoration, implement changes in technology and procedures as appropriate, and follow applicab
5、le federal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations. Restorers should use their professional judgment throughout each and every project. However, the use of professional judgment is not a license to not comply with this Standard. A project might have unique circumstances that may infrequent
6、ly allow for a deviation from the standard. Furthermore, this Standard and Reference Guide is not intended to be either exhaustive or inclusive of all pertinent requirements, methods or procedures that might be appropriate on a particular water damage restoration project. The information upon which
7、this Standard and Reference Guide is based is subject to change, which may invalidate any or all of the information contained herein. This Standard and Reference Guide was developed through a consensus standard development process, which brought together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and
8、 interests to achieve consensus on water damage restoration issues. While the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification (IICRC) administers the process and establishes policies, procedures and guidelines to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independe
9、ntly test, evaluate or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in this Standard and Reference Guide. The IICRC, and all S500 consensus body standard committee members, contributors and editorial consultants (hereinafter collectively referred to as the “IICR
10、C”) expressly disclaims, and shall not be liable for, any and all damages of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, arising from or relating to the publication, use of or reliance on the information contained in this Standard and Reference Guide, including without limitation any and all
11、special, indirect, incidental, compensatory, consequential, punitive or other damages (including damages for personal injury and/or bodily injury, property damage, loss of business, loss of profits, litigation or the like), whether based upon breach of contract, breach of warranty, tort (including n
12、egligence and gross negligence), product liability or otherwise, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. The foregoing negation of damages is a fundamental condition of the use of the information contained in this Standard and Reference Guide and this document would not be published with
13、out such limitations. While the information contained within this Standard and Reference Guide is provided in good faith and is believed to be reliable, the IICRC makes no representations, warranties or guarantees as to the accuracy or completeness of any information contained in this Standard and R
14、eference Guide, or that following this Standard and Reference Guide will result in compliance with any applicable laws, rules or regulations, or in safe, satisfactory or complete performance of a water damage restoration project. ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING WITHOUT
15、LIMITATION, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE INFORMATION, ITS FITNESS OR APPROPRIATENESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, ITS MERCHANTABILITY, ITS NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, OR ANY OTHER MATTER. In publishing this document, the IICRC is
16、 not undertaking to render scientific, professional, medical, legal or other advice or services for or on behalf of any person or entity or to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Any and all use of or reliance upon this Standard and Reference Guide is at the users own disc
17、retion and risk. Anyone using this document should understand the limitations with the use of this document, and rely on his or her own independent judgment, or as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given situation. The IICR
18、C has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. The IICRC does not list, certify, test, inspect or verify service or product compliance with this document, and does not assume any responsibility for user compliance with any applicable laws a
19、nd regulations. Any certification or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the IICRC and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. The IICRC does not endorse proprietary products or methods. 3 Table of Content
20、s ANSI/IICRC S500 Standard Sections Acknowledgements . 5 Important Definitions . 9 Section A Scope, Purpose, and Application . 10 Section B Definitions 11 Section 1 Principles of Water Damage Restoration . 17 Section 2 Microbiology of Water Damage 19 Section 3 Health Effects from Exposure to Microbi
21、al Contamination in Water-Damaged Buildings 19 Section 4 Building and Material Science 19 Section 5 Psychrometry and Drying Technology . 19 Section 6 Equipment, Instruments, and Tools . 19 Section 7 Antimicrobial (biocide) Technology 19 Section 8 Safety and Health 20 Section 9 Administrative Procedu
22、res, Project Documentation and Risk Management 27 Section 10 Inspections, Preliminary Determination, and Pre-Restoration Evaluations 32 Section 11 Limitations, Complexities, Complications and Conflicts . 41 Section 12 Specialized Experts . 43 Section 13 Structural Restoration 45 Section 14 Heating,
23、Ventilating and Air Conditioning Restoration . 56 Section 15 Contents Evaluation and Restoration . 60 Section 16 Large or Catastrophic Restoration Projects . 72 Section 17 Materials and Assemblies 78 4 Table of Contents ANSI/IICRC S500 Reference Guide Chapters Chapter 1 Principles of Water Damage Re
24、storation . 88 Chapter 2 Microbiology of Water Damage 92 Chapter 3 Health Effects from Exposure to Microbial Contamination in Water-Damaged Buildings 96 Chapter 4 Building and Material Science 101 Chapter 5 Psychrometry and Drying Technology . 113 Chapter 6 Equipment, Instruments, and Tools . 128 Ch
25、apter 7 Antimicrobial (biocide) Technology 140 Chapter 8 Safety and Health 145 Chapter 9 Administrative Procedures, Project Documentation and Risk Management 156 Chapter 10 Inspections, Preliminary Determination, and Pre-Restoration Evaluations 170 Chapter 11 Limitations, Complexities, Complications
26、 and Conflicts . 182 Chapter 12 Specialized Experts . 186 Chapter 13 Structural Restoration 190 Chapter 14 Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Restoration . 216 Chapter 15 Contents Evaluation and Restoration . 223 Chapter 16 Large or Catastrophic Restoration Projects . 239 Chapter 17 Materials
27、 and Assemblies 247 Glossary . 292 5 Acknowledgments This publication is the result of a collaborative effort involving industry experts and trade associations, educational institutions, training schools and other organizations. The Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification (II
28、CRC) is the ANSI Secretariat of the document. Other organizations contributing to the creation of this document include the Society of Cleaning and Restoration Technicians (SCRT), the Indoor Environmental Institute (IEI), the Indoor Air Quality Association (IAQA) and the National Air Duct Cleaners A
29、ssociation (NADCA). The development and publication of this document was made possible through the generous contributions of a dedicated group of volunteers. The IICRC Board of Directors and the Standards Committee genuinely appreciate the time and effort contributed by these individuals. They exhib
30、it the true volunteer spirit that has been the driving force behind the IICRC since its inception. At the time of approval of this fourth edition of the S500 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration, the IICRC S500 Water Damage Restoration Consensus Body Standard Commit
31、tee consisted of the members listed below. Other contributors to this document and their respective roles are also listed below. IICRC Standards Committee: IICRC Standards Chairman Howard Wolf HW3 Group, LLC, Restoration Consulting IICRC Standards Vice-Chairman Lee Senter Dryit Company IICRC Standar
32、ds Vice-Chairman Mickey Lee Mickey Lee Consulting, LLC IICRC S100 Committee Chairman Doug Bradford Eco Interior Maintenance IICRC S100 Committee Vice-Chairman Richard Bodo Windsor Industries S210 Committee Chairman Greg Laviolette Stone Restoration Services S210 Committee Vice-Chairman Martin Brooke
33、s Heritage Marble and Tile Inc. S300 Committee Chairman Paul Pearce Country House Carpet Care 6 S300 Committee Vice-Chairman Ed Hobbs Hobbs Ultra-Clean Service IICRC S500 Committee Chairman Mickey Lee Mickey Lee Consulting, LLC IICRC S500 Committee Vice-Chairman Chris Taylor Aspire Training Group II
34、CRC S520 Chairman Jim Pearson Mold Inspection Services, Inc. IICRC S520 Vice-Chairman Scott Armour Armour Applied Science, LLC IICRC S540 Committee Chairman Kent Berg National Institute of Decontamination Specialists IICRC S540 Committee Vice-Chairman David Oakes Captain Clean, Inc. IICRC S600 Commi
35、ttee Chairman Tom Jennings World Floor Covering Association IICRC S600 Committee Vice-Chairman Jeff Bishop Clean Care Seminars IICRC S800 Committee Chairman Bill Doan IICRC S800 Committee Vice-Chairman Lewis Migliore LGM a space that is filled with air. airflow: air movement, whether uncontrolled or
36、 controlled (managed). Two commonly used airflow measurements are volumetric flow (e.g., cubic feet per minute) and velocity (e.g., feet per minute). airmover: an airmoving device typically designed for or used in the professional water damage restoration industry. assessment: a process performed by
37、 an indoor environmental professional (IEP) that includes the evaluation of data obtained from a building history and inspection to formulate an initial hypothesis about the origin, identity, location and extent of contamination. If necessary, a sampling plan is developed, and samples are collected
38、and sent to a qualified laboratory for analysis. The subsequent data is interpreted by the IEP. Then, the IEP, or other qualified individual, may develop a remediation plan. boundary layer: a thin layer of air at the surface of materials that due to surface friction does not move at the full speed o
39、f the surrounding airflow. The effect of this lack of airflow retards water evaporation at the surface and heat transfer to the materials. Directing sufficient and continuous air at material surfaces minimizes this boundary layer, removes evaporated water, and aids in transferring thermal energy to
40、the surface of materials. Category of Water: the categories of water, as defined by this document, refer to the range of contamination in water, considering both its originating source and quality after it contacts materials present on the job site. Time and temperature can affect or retard the ampl
41、ification of contaminants, thereby affecting its category. Restorers should consider potential contamination, defined as the presence of undesired substances; the identity, location and quantity of which are not reflective of a normal indoor environment; and can produce adverse health effects, cause
42、 damage to structure and contents or adversely affect the operation or function of building systems. Category 1: Category 1 water originates from a sanitary water source and does not pose substantial risk from dermal, ingestion, or inhalation exposure. Examples of Category 1 water sources can includ
43、e, but are not limited to: broken water supply lines; tub or sink overflows with no contaminants; appliance malfunctions involving water-supply lines; melting ice or snow; falling rainwater; broken toilet tanks, and toilet bowls that do not contain contaminants or additives. Institute of Inspection,
44、 Cleaning and Restoration Certification ANSI/IICRC S500: 2015 ANSI/IICRC S500 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration 12Category 1 water can deteriorate to Category 2 or 3. Category 1 water that flows into an uncontaminated building does not constitute an immediate cha
45、nge in the category. However, Category 1 water that flows into a contaminated building can constitute an immediate change in the category. Once microorganisms become wet from the water intrusion, depending upon the length of time that they remain wet and the temperature, they can begin to grow in nu
46、mbers and can change the category of the water. Odors can indicate that Category 1 water has deteriorated. Category 2: Category 2 water contains significant contamination and has the potential to cause discomfort or sickness if contacted or consumed by humans. Category 2 water can contain potentiall
47、y unsafe levels of microorganisms or nutrients for microorganisms, as well as other organic or inorganic matter (chemical or biological). Examples of category 2 water can include, but are not limited to: discharge from dishwashers or washing machines; overflows from washing machines; overflows from
48、toilet bowls on the room side of the trap with some urine but no feces; seepage due to hydrostatic pressure; broken aquariums and punctured water beds. Category 2 water can deteriorate to Category 3. Once microorganisms become wet from the water intrusion, depending upon the length of time that they
49、 remain wet and the temperature, they can begin to grow in numbers and can change the category of the water. Category 3: Category 3 water is grossly contaminated and can contain pathogenic, toxigenic or other harmful agents and can cause significant adverse reactions to humans if contacted or consumed. Examples of Category 3 water can include, but are not limited to: sewage; wasteline backflows that originate from beyond any trap regardless of visible content or color; all forms of flooding from seawater; ri
