1、ANSI INCITS 320-1998 (R2003)(formerly ANSI NCITS 320-1998)for Information Technology Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)ANSINCITS 320-1998American National Standardfor Information Technology Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)SecretariatInformation Technology Industry CouncilApproved June 9, 199
2、8 American National Standards Institute, Inc.Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that therequirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval havebeen met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSI Board of
3、Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly andmaterially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more thana simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that allviews and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be madetowards
4、 their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; theirexistence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approvedthe standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or usingproducts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards
5、.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards andwill in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American NationalStandard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue aninterpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the AmericanNatio
6、nal Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should beaddressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the titlepage of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised orwithdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInstitu
7、te require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, orwithdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards mayreceive current information on all standards by calling or writing the AmericanNational Standards Institute.American National StandardPublished byAmerican National
8、 Standards Institute, Inc.11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036Copyright 1999 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in anyform, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without prior written permission of ITI, 1250 E
9、ye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of AmericaCAUTION: The developers of this standard have requested that holders of patents that may berequired for the implementation of the standard disclose such patents to the publisher. However,neither the developers nor the publish
10、er have undertaken a patent search in order to identifywhich, if any, patents may apply to this standard. As of the date of publication of this standardand following calls for the identification of patents that may be required for the implementation ofthe standard, no such claims have been made. No
11、further patent search is conducted by the de-veloper or publisher in respect to any standard it processes. No representation is made or impliedthat licenses are not required to avoid infringement in the use of this standard.iContentsParts1 Logical Specification2 Spatial Features3 ISO/IEC 8211 Encodi
12、ng4 Topological Vector ProfileANSI NCITS 320-1998iiForeword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI NCITS 320-1998.)This document contains a specification of the Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS), that will serve as a national spatial data transfer mechanism for the United
13、States. As such it is designed to transfer a wide variety of data structures that are used in the spatial sciences. These sciences include cartography, geography, geol-ogy, geographic information systems and many other neighboring sciences. SDTS consists of three primary parts: the first is the SDTS
14、 logical superstructure that pre-sents the organization and structure of the SDTS transfer mechanism; the second presents the definition of spatial features and attributes; and the third part presents the ISO 8211 data transfer implementation (i.e., encoding method). Work on a national spatial data
15、transfer standard was begun by the National Commit-tee for Digital Cartographic Data Standards in 1982 to develop a comprehensive set of data exchange standards for the profession. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey through a grant to the American Congress on Surveying and Map-ping.
16、In 1985, the Standards Working Group of the Federal Interagency Coordinating Committee on Digital Cartography also began work on spatial data exchange stan-dards. During 1987, the results of these parallel efforts were merged by the Digital Cartographic Data Standards Task Force into the proposed Di
17、gital Cartographic Data Standards, published as a special issue of The American Cartographer in January 1988. Subsequent testing, modification, and refining of the results of these efforts were done by the Spatial Data Transfer Standard Technical Review Board. The end product of all of this effort i
18、s the standard presented here.This result represents a collaborative effort by these groups to define a standard that will support work with cartographic and geographic data systems and facilitate spatial data transfer. It is designed to serve the spatial data transfer needs of the Federal agencies,
19、 especially the proposed National Spatial Data Infrastructure, and the work of State and local governmental entities, the private sector, and research organiza-tions. Requests for interpretation, suggestions for improvement or addenda, or defect reports are welcome. They should be sent to the Nation
20、al Committee for Information Technology Standards (NCITS), ITI, 1250 Eye Street, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005.This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by NCITS. Com-mittee approval of this standard does not necessarily imply that all committee mem-bers voted for its appr
21、oval. At the time it approved this standard, NCITS had the following members:Karen Higginbottom, Chair(Vacant), Vice-ChairMonica Vago, SecretaryOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativeAMP, Inc. John HillCharles Brill (Alt.)Apple Computer, Inc. David MichaelJerry Kellenbenz (Alt.)AT ISO 8632-1
22、987), Computer Graphics Meta-file for the Storage and Transfer of PictureDescription Information2)1.4.8 FIPSPUB 9, 14 Nov 69, Congressional Dis-tricts of the United States1.4.9 FIPSPUB 6-4, 31 Aug 1990, Counties, andCounty Equivalents of the States of the UnitedStates and District of Columbia1.4.10
23、FIPSPUB 10-3, 9 Feb 84, Countries,Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty andtheir Principal Administrative Division1.4.11 ANSI X3.135-1989 and ANSI X3.168-1989; (FIPSPUB 127, 1986), Information Systems- Database Language - SQL3)1.4.12 Federal Geodetic Control Committee,1984, Standards and Specif
24、ications for GeodeticControl Networks. Rockville, Maryland, FederalGeodetic Control Committee GPO-003-021-00031-9, 29 pp.1) This American National Standard has been superseded by ANSI X3.30-1998.2) ANSI X3.122-1986 has been withdrawn and replaced by ANSI/ISO 8632-1-1990, 8632-2-1990, 8632-3-1990, an
25、d 8632-4-1990. This series of ISO standards also supersedes ISO 8632-1987.3) ANSI X3.135-1989 and ANSI X3.168-1989 have been superseded by ANSI X3.135-1992.ANSI NCITS 320-199841.4.13 FIPSPUB 104-1, 12 May 86, Guideline forImplementation of ANSI Codes for the Implemen-tation of Names of Countries, De
26、pendencies andAreas of Special Sovereignty1.4.14 FIPSPUB 55-2, 3 Feb 87, Guideline:Codes for Names of Populated Places, PrimaryCounty Divisions, Other Locational Entities in theUnited States1.4.15 ISO/IEC Technical Report 9973, 1988,Information processing - Procedures for Register-ing of Graphical I
27、tems4)1.4.16 FIPSPUB 8-5, 31 Oct 84, Metropolitan Sta-tistical Areas1.4.17 U.S. Postal Service Publication 65,National Zip Code and Post Office Director5)1.4.18 FIPSPUB 153, 14 Oct 88, (ANSI X3.144-1988 and AND X3.144-1-1988), Information Sys-tems - Computer Graphics - Programmers Hierar-chical Inte
28、ractive Graphics System (PHIGS)Functional Description, Archive File Format,Clear-Text Encoding of Archive File6)1.4.19 ANSI/IEEE 803-1983 (R1989) and ANSI/IEEE 80-A-1983, Recommended Practice forUnique Identification in Power Plants and RelatedFacilities, Principles, and Definitions7)1.4.20 FIPSPUB
29、70-1, 14 Nov 86, (ANSI X3.61-1986 (R1997), Representation of GeographicPoint Locations for Information Interchange 1.4.21 FIPSPUB 58-1, 27 Jan 88, (ANSI X3.43-1986 (R1992), Representations of Local Time ofthe Day for Information Interchange1.4.22 FIPSPUB 59, 1 Feb 79, (ANSI X3.51-1975), Representati
30、ons of Universal Time, LocalTime Differentials, and United States Time ZoneReferences for Information Interchange8)1.4.23 ANSI/ISO/IEC 8211-1994, InformationTechnology - Specification for a Data DescriptiveFile for Information Interchange1.4.24 FIPSPUB 5-2, 15 Jun 70, Codes for Identi-fication of th
31、e States, District of Columbia and Out-lying Areas of the United States1.4.25 Stem, J., and T. Vincenty, 1987, The 1983State Plane Coordinate System, NOS TechnicalManual NOS-NGS-51.4.26 Defense Mapping Agency, 1990, Datums,Ellipsoids, Grids and Grid Reference Systems,DMA Technical Manual 83558.1, ed
32、ition 11.4.27 ANSI X3.40-1983, Information Systems -Unrecorded Magnetic Tape for Information Inter-change (9-track 800 CPI, NRZI; 1600 CPI, PE;and 6250 CPI, GCR)9)1.5 DefinitionsThe following terms are used in the definitions ofconcepts essential to this standard. The conceptsfor which this standard
33、 provides normative defini-tions appear in clause 2, Spatial Data Concepts;clause 3, Spatial Data Quality; and clause 4, Gen-eral Specification. An informative list of all definedterms is contained in Annex H.1.5.1 Accuracy - The closeness of results ofobservations, computations, or estimates to the
34、true values or the values accepted as being true.1.5.2 Altitude - Elevation above or below a refer-ence datum, as defined in ANSI X3.61 (1.4.20);the z-value in a spatial address. See also 1.5.8Elevation.1.5.3 Control (mapping) - A system of pointswith established horizontal and vertical positionstha
35、t are used as fixed references in positioningand relating map features.1.5.4 Coordinates - see 1.5.33 Spatial Address.1.5.5 Database - Related subject informationstored as a volume set, volume, file set, or file.4) This ISO technical report has been superseded by ISO/IEC TR 9973:1994. All ISO public
36、ations are available from the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.5) Available from the US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 732 North Capital Street, NW, Washington, DC 20401.6) These American National Standards have been withdrawn a
37、nd replaced by ANSI/ISO 9592-1989 (Parts 1-3) and by ANSI/ISO 9593-1-1992.7) ANSI/IEEE 803A-1983 has been superseded by ANSI/IEEE 803.1-1992.8) This American National Standard has been superseded by ANSI X3.51-1994.9) This American National Standard has been superseded by ANSI X3.40-1993.ANSI NCITS
38、320-199851.5.6 Data element - A logically primitive item ofdata.1.5.7 Digital encoding - To convert to a form thatcan be operated upon by electronic computer asbinary digits.1.5.8 Elevation - Conforming to FIPSPUB 70-1,the term “altitude“ is used in this standard, ratherthan the common term elevatio
39、n, for the z-value ina spatial address.1.5.9 Field - Consists of one or more related sub-fields. It may contain part or all of a module field.It does not contain parts of two or more modulefields.1.5.10 Field name - A name associated with afield.1.5.11 File - An identifiable collection of zero ormor
40、e related records. It may contain part of, or allof one or many modules.1.5.12 File set - An identifiable collection of zeroor more related files.1.5.13 Geocodes - A system of encoding used torepresent an exhaustive list of a class of spatialfeatures (usually applied to political units).1.5.14 Geosp
41、atial dimensions - The dimensionsused for specifying geographic data, longitude, lat-itude, and altitude; also called spatial dimensions,the terms spatial and geospatial are equivalent.See also 1.5.25 Nongeospatial dimensions.1.5.15 Implementation method - A method ofencoding data content and data s
42、tructure toaccomplish a transfer without loss of content,meaning, or structure.1.5.16 Map - A spatial representation, usuallygraphic on a flat surface, of spatial phenomena.1.5.17 Media - The physical devices used torecord, store, and (or) transmit data.1.5.18 Media record - A physical unit of data.
43、The characteristics of a record and its means ofdelimitation are defined by standards specific toeach given medium.1.5.19 Misclassification Matrix - Results of anattribute accuracy test given in the form of a rowby column contingency table (cross-tabulation)sometimes called a classification error ma
44、trix.The rows represent the interpretation tested andthe columns represent the verification assumed tobe correct. The diagonal elements represent thecorrect classifications when the matrix is squareand the rows and columns are strictly comparable.The remaining elements can be treated row-wiseas erro
45、rs of commission, and column-wise aserrors of omission.1.5.20 Module - A logical collection of modulerecords.1.5.21 Module field - A defined set of one ormore module subfields in a Spatial Data Transfer.1.5.22 Module record - A defined set of one ormore module fields in a Spatial Data Transfer.1.5.2
46、3 Module specification - The meaning,identification, order requirements, and data struc-ture requirements for data belonging to the mod-ule.1.5.24 Module subfield - A logical constructdefining a single data element in a Spatial DataTransfer.1.5.25 Nongeospatial dimensions - Dimensionsused for giving
47、 data nongeographic location inspace, such as the time dimension. See also1.5.14 Geospatial dimensions.1.5.26 Primitive - The quality of not being subdi-vided; atomic.1.5.27 Quality - An essential or distinguishingcharacteristic necessary for spatial data to be fitfor use.1.5.28 Quality overlay - A
48、collection of points,lines, and areas organized to represent qualityinformation for another set of map information. Anoverlay describing lineage may be termed asource data index; a positional accuracy overlaymay be termed a reliability diagram.1.5.29 Record - An implementation-dependentconstruct tha
49、t consists of an identifiable collectionof one or more related fields.1.5.30 Representation - Graphical symbolizationof a spatial object.1.5.31 Resolution - The minimum differencebetween two independently measured or com-puted values that can be distinguished by themeasurement or analytical method being consid-ered or used.1.5.32 Spatial - Synonymous with 1.5.14 geospa-tial.1.5.33 Spatial Address - Pairs of numbersexpressing horizontal distances along orthogonalaxes; alternatively, triplets of numbers measuringhorizontal and vertical distances. Can be general-ized to refer to an n-tup
