1、for Optical Character Recogni (OCR) Inks kNSI INCITS 86-1980 (R1998) (formerly ANSI X3.86-1980 1998) ADOPTED FOR USE BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WA- b PUB 85 SEE NOTICE ON INSIDE ion Developed by Where IT all begins This standard has been adopted for Federal Government use. Details concerning its use
2、within the Federal Government are contained in Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 153, Programmers Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System (PHIGS). For a complete list of the publications available in the Federal Information Processing Standards Series, write to the Standards Proc
3、essing Coordinator (ADP), National Institute of Standards and Tech- nology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899. Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus
4、is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objecti
5、ons be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using p
6、roducts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretat
7、ion of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withd
8、rawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American Nation
9、al Standards Institute. American National Published by American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright O1 980 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electroni
10、c retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ANSI X3.86-1980 American National Standard for Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Inks Secretariat Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturer
11、s Association Approved May 30, 1980 American National Standards Institute, Inc (This Foreword is not a part of American National Standard for Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Inks, Foreword ANSI X3.86-1980.) Since the introduction of operational optical character recognition systems, specificatio
12、ns for read and nonread inks have been based on individual system requirements. Carbon based inks have low reflectance and can be read by most optical readers. High reflec- tance nonread inks cannot be read by most optical readers. A survey of the spectral sensitivity of a cross section of scanners
13、indicated that most of them were sensitive in either the red portion or the blue portion of the visible spectrum. The particu- lar region of the spectrum is a function of the illumination system and the photodetection sys- tem used. It was determined that certain common pigments could be selected by
14、 the ink manufacturer - for example, one light red would meet the nonread requirements of most of the red-region scanners surveyed and one light blue would meet the requirements of most of the blue-region scanners surveyed. Thus it was apparent that two nonread colored inks would be required. It was
15、 also determined that, within each group, different optical readers may or may not respond to nonread inks, depending on their level of reflectance. This standard defines the spectral band for read inks and provides spectrophotometric curves for the red and blue nonread inks, each at three levels of
16、 reflectance. Manufacturers and users can then determine the best tradeoff between legibility to humans and reliability of the optical reader. The nonread inks used to generate the spectrophotometric curves contained in this standard were specifically formulated to have spectral reflectances suitabl
17、e for their intended use. It is unlikely that any commercial ink will have a spectral reflectance that exactly matches the curves given. However, as long as the reflectance is greater than that specified by the curves, such inks are acceptable. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be we
18、lcome. They should be sent to the American National Standards Institute, Inc, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by American National Stan- dards Committee on Computers and Information Processing, X3. Committee approval of the standard
19、 does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard for submittal to ANSI, the X3 Committee had the follow- ing members: John F. Auwaerter, Chairman John A. N. Lee, Vice-chairman Catherine A. Kachurik, Administrative Secretary Maureen
20、Foley, Recording Secretary Organization Represented Name of Representative Air Transport Association Frank C. White AM International . Robert Schiidgen American Library Association S. Michael Malinconico American Nuclear Society Lawrence L. Barinka James M. Diehl (Alt) Margaret K. Butler (Alt) D. R.
21、 Vondy (Alt) American Society for Information Science. Ted Brandhorst Charles Goldstein (Alt) American Society of Mechanical Engineers John A. N. Lee Daniel J. Schuster Pat Skelly (Ait) Richard L. Wexelbiat (Alt) Organization Represented Name of Representative Association of American Railroads . R.
22、A. Petrash Association of Computer Programmers and Analysts . John Prior, 31 Association of Data Processing Service Organizations Association for Systems Management. . Wallace R. McPherson, JI T. G Grieb (Alt) Robert L. White (Ait) Bruce R. Wilson Richard Irwin (Alt) Burroughs Corporation . Edward L
23、ohse Jerrold S. Foley (Ait) Computer and Communications Industry Association . . A. G. W. Biddle (Alt) Control Data Corporation . Charles E. Cooper Keith Lucke (Alt) Data General Corporation . Howard Kaikow Jit Saxena (Ait) Datapoint Corporation Gerhardt Bergman James Gallagher (Alt) Data Processing
24、 Management Association . Ardyn E. Dubnow Steve Jost (Alt) Didtal Equipment Computer Users Society . Patricia Caroom John Barr (Ait) Barbara Tabb (Ait) Allan R. Kent (Alt) Norman J. Ream Digital Equipment Corporation Patricia w. White Edison Electric Institute . S. P. Shrivastava General Services Ad
25、ministration Delbert L. Shoemaker GUIDE International . Frank Kirshenbaum Leland Milligan (Alt) Donald Stanford (Ait) Ed Younker (Alt) Harris Corporation . Richard Joyce Hewlett Packard. Donald C. Loughry Honeywell Information Systems Thomas J. McNamara Eric H. Clamons (Ait) IBM Corporation William
26、F. McCielland Cary1 A. Thorn (Alt) IEEE Communications Society Thomas A. Varetoni IEEE Computer Society Herbert Hecht Robert S. Stewart (Alt) Itel Corporation . William Bechtel Mike Nebel (Alt) Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory . James A. Baker D. F. Stevens (Ait) Life Office Management Association . Ric
27、hard E. Ricketts James F. Foley, Jr (Alt) Mohawk Data Sciences Corporation Don Bookwalter Jon Cave (Alt) National Bureau of Standards . Harry S. White, Jr Robert E. Rountree (Ait) National Communications System . Marshall L. Cain George W. White (Ait) National Micrographics Association . Robert Glot
28、felty N. Spence III (Ait) NCRCorporation . A. R. Daniels Thomas W. Kern (Ait) OCR Users Association Herbert F. Schantz Robert Green (Alt) Ohio College Library Center . James E. Rush Perkin-Elmer Corporation David Ellis Dave Lowry (Alt) Prime Computer. . Winfried Burke James Davey (Alt) Recognition E
29、quipment, Inc Herbert F. Schantz William E. Viering (Alt) Scientific Apparatus Makers Association Abraham Savitsky Burton Kiein(Ait) SHARE, Incorporated Thomas B. Steel, Jr Eric Brubaker (Alt) Robert H. Wahlen (Alt) Organization Represented Name of Representative Ardyn E. Dubnow (Alt) Charles D. Car
30、d (Alt) Adrian Basili (Alt) S. M. Garland (Alt) Society of Certified Data Processors Thomas M. Kurihara Sperry Univac . Marvin W. Bass Telephone Group . V. N. Vaughan, Jr 3M Company . R. C. Smith U.S. Department of Defense William C. Rinehuls U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare . Walla
31、ce R. McPherson, Jr VIM . Margaret Heinze Xerox Corporation John L. Wheeler Walter Frederic (Alt) Arthur R. Machel1 (Alt) Subcommittee X3A1, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Inks, which processed this standard for submittal to the X3 Committee, had the following members: Barbara T. Daniels, Chair
32、man Herbert F. Schantz, Vice-chairman Pat Newman, Secretary G. Kent Godwin, International Representative Rolland Aubey Tom Bag Gerald Bean John Bergstron C. Billings C E. Biss Robert C. Bloss George W. Brown Dan Buck K. T. Bye Louis T. Cassa Frank A. Cicha G. Collins A. R. Daniels Barbara T. Daniels
33、 C. W. Davidson John E. DeSautels Robert Easley R. Faulkner L M. Fider Bruce Frost D. R. Gibson G. Kent Godwin Ernest Henrichon Joseph A. Hopkins Richard M. Ireland Tom B. Janning Wiiliam Kirkner Carl Knoedel Eugene C. Lorzeniewski Frank P. Lewandoski H. B. Lidkea John McDonnell Stanley McIntosh Ric
34、hard Mestler John A. Miller Dave Mooney David Mrochek C. P. Newman Dave Newton Del Oddy Ted Pealler Carl Podowski Lois Richard Dan Rosenberg Herbert F. Schantz Norman C. Selke Dougal H. Siver Bruce Smith John Smith R. D. Smith C. Waliace Taylor James Templeton B. A. Thatcher P. J. Traglia John F. Wa
35、gner J. L. Welch J. Wells B. W. Witty The X3A1 D Working Group, Image Definition and Measurement, which had the final technical responsibility for the development of this standard, had the following members: Thomas C. Bagg, Chairman Karl T. Bye Frank A. Cicha Bruce Frost Robert Green David R. Gibson
36、 John McDonnell John A. Miller Dave Newton Ted Pealler Dan Rosenberg Members of Subcommittee X3Ai who contributed substantially to the early development of this standard included the following. Michael H. Bruno Louis T. Cassa George J Collins Barbara T. Daniels Al DiBernardo N. R. Eldred H. S. Fitch
37、 Marion Hirsh Calvin S. McCamy Stanley G. McIntosh Special appreciation is extended to three members of the National Bureau of Standards staff Vicor R. Weidner of the Radiometric Physics Division for making the spectrophotometric reflectance measurements Alfred C. Redstone of the Computer Services D
38、ivision for preparing a computer program that automatically put the data of Table 1 into camera-ready copy Kenneth L. Kelly of the Environmental Design Research Division for verifying the proper photometric terms to describing the ink colors Contents SECTION PAGE 1 . Scope. Purpose. and Application
39、. 7 1.1 Scope 7 1.2 Purpose . 7 1.3 Applications 7 2 . Definitions 7 2.2 Nonread Inks . 7 2.1 ReadInks . 7 2.3 R, 7 2.4 R, 7 3 . OCRInks . 7 3.1 ReadInks . 7 3.2 Nonread Inks . 7 4 . Method of Measurement . 8 4.1 Sample . 8 4.2 Test Conditions . 8 4.3 Test Instrument . 8 Table 1 Numerical Values of
40、Reflectance . 9-20 OCR Dark Blue Ink (White Backing) . 9 OCR Dark Blue Ink (Black Backing) . 1 0 OCR Medium Blue Ink (White Backing) 11 OCR Medium Blue Ink (Black Backing) 12 OCR Light Blue Ink (White Backing) OCR Light Blue Ink (Black Backing) 14 OCR Dark Red Ink (White Backing) . OCR Dark Red Ink
41、(Black Backing) . OCR Medium Red Ink (White Backing) . OCR Medium Red Ink (Black Backing) . OCR Light Red Ink (White Backing) . 13 15 16 17 18 19 OCR Light Red Ink (Black Backing) . 20 Fig . 1 Spectral Reflectance of OCR Inks 21 Fig . 2 Spectral Reflectance of Standard Dark Blue Ink . 21 Fig . 3 Spe
42、ctral Reflectance of Standard Medium Blue Ink . 22 Fig . 4 Spectral Reflectance of Standard Light Blue Ink 22 Fig . 5 Spectral Reflectance of Standard Dark Red Ink . 23 Fig . 6 Spectral Reflectance of Standard Medium Red Ink . 23 Fig . 7 Spectral Reflectance of Standard Light Red Ink . 24 Nonread OC
43、R Inks . 24 Figures Appendix Color Analysis of Typical Commercial Blue and Red American National Standard for Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Inks 1. Scope, Purpose, and Application 1.1 Scope. This standard specifies optical character re- cognition (OCR) inks by their spectral characteristics fo
44、r different users within the OCR community. It in- cludes definitions, test methods, and information needed to apply this standard. It does not address ink formula- tion. While printing equipment varies, and each type re- quires specific working qualities in the inks used, the ink properties are ind
45、ependent of the OCR quality of the final print. Moreover, a specified OCR quality in a printed image can be achieved from dissimilar inks - for example, offset, gravure, letterpress, flexographic, typewriter ribbons, credit card carbon, and the like. 1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to p
46、rovide data and guidelines for specifying OCR inks suitable for optical readers and for interchange of information among compatible OCR equipment. 1.3 Applications. Because of the widely diverse nature of OCR applications, this standard may not include all of the necessary specifications or consider
47、ations for a successful OCR system. Where new OCR equipment or a new ink is involved, consultation among users, sup pliers, and manufacturers is recommended. 2. Definitions 2.1 Read Inks. Read inks are inks that, when viewed by the optical reader, reflect little light (low reflective), thus appearin
48、g black to the optical reader. NOTE: These inks normally contain in their formula a signifi- cant amount of carbon black which is highly absorbent to light in the spectral ranges used for OCR scanning. 2.2 Nonread Inks. Nonread inks are highly reflective and, to the optical reader, appear to be the
49、same color 1s the paper theyre printed on, thus making them non- readable to the optical reader while, at the same time, they are readable by the human eye. 2.3 R,. The diffuse reflectance of printed ink on white OCR paper backed with a white reference (reflectance 2.4 %. The diffuse reflectance of printed ink on white OCR paper backed with a black reference (reflectance 235%). 2%). 3. OCRInks 3.1 Read Inks. Read inks are inks that are highly absorb- ing (low reflective) to light in all spectral ranges used for OCR scanning. For reliable recognition, read inks should have a reflec- t
