ANSI INCITS ISO 19111-2003 Geographic information - Spatial referencing by coordinates.pdf
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1、Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 12/30/2003Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2003 by Information Technology Industry Council
2、 (ITI).All rights reserved.These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council(ITI). Not for resale. No part of t
3、his publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaReference numberISO
4、 19111:2003(E)ISO 2003INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO19111First edition2003-02-15Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates Information gographique Systme de rfrences spatiales par coordonnes ISO 19111:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with
5、Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing pol
6、icy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every
7、care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication
8、may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Te
9、l. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reservedISO 19111:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance requirements . 1 3 Normative references . 1 4
10、Terms and definitions. 1 5 Conventions 5 5.1 Symbols and abbreviated terms 5 5.2 UML notation . 6 6 Definition of the conceptual schema for coordinate reference systems 7 6.1 Introduction . 7 6.2 Coordinate reference system. 7 6.2.1 Type of coordinate reference system . 7 6.2.2 Single coordinate ref
11、erence system . 8 6.2.3 Compound coordinate reference system. 8 6.3 Datum . 9 6.3.1 Types of datums 9 6.3.2 Datum description. 10 6.3.3 Prime meridian 10 6.3.4 Ellipsoid . 11 6.4 Coordinate system 11 6.5 Coordinate operation coordinate conversion and coordinate transformation 12 6.5.1 General. 12 6.
12、5.2 Coordinate conversion (including map projection) 13 6.5.3 Coordinate transformation. 14 6.5.4 Requirements for describing a coordinate operation. 14 6.5.5 Concatenated coordinate operation . 16 6.6 Citations. 17 6.7 Accuracy and precision of coordinates, coordinate operations, and parameters. 18
13、 6.8 Attributes to describe a coordinate reference system 19 Annex A (normative) Conformance 22 Annex B (normative) UML schemas . 24 Annex C (informative) Decision trees. 27 Annex D (informative) Geodetic relationships. 29 Annex E (informative) Examples. 35 ISO 19111:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights r
14、eservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for wh
15、ich a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
16、matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are ci
17、rculated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held respo
18、nsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19111 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. ISO 19111:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved vIntroduction Geographic information contains spatial references which relate the features represented in t
19、he data to positions in the real world. Spatial references fall into two categories: those using coordinates; those based on geographic identifiers. This International Standard deals only with spatial referencing by coordinates. Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers is the subject of ISO 191
20、12, Geographic information Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers. Coordinates are unambiguous only when the coordinate reference system to which those coordinates are related has been fully defined. A coordinate reference system is a coordinate system which has a reference to the Earth. This
21、 International Standard describes the elements that are necessary to define fully various types of coordinate systems and coordinate reference systems applicable to geographic information. The subset of elements required is partially dependent upon the type of coordinates. This International Standar
22、d also includes optional fields to allow for the inclusion of non-essential coordinate reference system information. The elements are intended to be both machine and human readable. A set of coordinates on the same coordinate reference system requires one coordinate reference system description. In
23、addition to describing a coordinate reference system, this International Standard provides for the description of a coordinate transformation or coordinate conversion between two different coordinate reference systems. With such information, geographic data referred to different coordinate reference
24、 systems can be merged together for integrated manipulation. Alternatively, an audit trail of coordinate reference system manipulations can be maintained. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19111:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates 1 Scope This Int
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