1、INCITS/ISO 19117-2005 (ISO 19117:2005, IDT) Geographic information PortrayalINCITS/ISO 19117-2005(ISO 19117:2005, IDT) INCITS/ISO 19117-2005ii PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be
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4、 bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 11/3/2005 Published by Am
5、erican National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2005 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical
6、 Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertainin
7、g to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ISO 19117:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references . 1 4 Terms and definitions.
8、1 5 Abbreviated terms. 4 6 Unified Modeling Language (UML) 4 6.1 Notations 4 6.2 UML model stereotypes 5 7 Portrayal mechanism 5 7.1 Introduction . 5 7.2 Priority attribute 6 7.3 Portray nothing . 6 7.4 Default portrayal specification 6 7.5 Annotation . 7 7.6 Overview of portrayal . 7 8 Portrayal sc
9、hema 8 8.1 Overview 8 8.2 Portrayal service . 9 8.3 Portrayal catalogue package . 9 8.4 Portrayal specification package 13 8.5 Complex symbols . 16 8.6 Portrayal of textual data . 17 8.7 Default portrayal specification 18 8.8 Representation of symbols 19 Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite 20 An
10、nex B (informative) Examples. 22 ISO 19117:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out throug
11、h ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborat
12、es closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standard
13、s. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of thi
14、s document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19117 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. ISO 19117:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved vIntroduction This International
15、 Standard is an abstract document and is not intended for direct implementation. It gives general guidelines to the application developers about the mechanism to be used to portray the feature instances of a dataset. The portrayal mechanism described makes it possible to have general rules valid for
16、 the whole dataset, and at the same time rules valid for a specific value of a feature attribute only. Different computer graphics standards use different attributes to visualize geometric primitives. For example, a line can be distinguished by thickness, width, colour, stippling, anti-aliasing, etc
17、. This International Standard therefore includes a mechanism for declaring portrayal attributes as part of the portrayal specification. In some cases whole feature classes have to be referenced and portrayed in a specific way, e.g. as symbols on nautical charts. Several symbol standards exist, and w
18、ithout a portrayal standard the application would have to set up a separate interface to each of these standards. With this International Standard all the supported symbol standards can be handled in a uniform way. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INCITS/ISO 19117-2005 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1Geogra
19、phic information Portrayal 1 Scope This International Standard defines a schema describing the portrayal of geographic information in a form understandable by humans. It includes the methodology for describing symbols and mapping of the schema to an application schema. It does not include standardiz
20、ation of cartographic symbols, and their geometric and functional description. 2 Conformance Any portrayal catalogue and portrayal schema describing the portrayal of geographic information claiming conformance with this International Standard shall pass all the requirements of the abstract test suit
21、e presented in Annex A. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IS
22、O 19101, Geographic information Reference model ISO/TS 19103:1), Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO 19107:2003, Geographic information Spatial schema ISO 19109:1), Geographic information Rules for application schema ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information Metadata ISO/IEC 19501:200
23、5, Information technology Open Distributed Processing Unified Modeling Language (UML) Version 1.4.2 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 annotation any marking on illustrative material for the purpose of clarification NOTE Numbers,
24、 letters, symbols, and signs are examples of annotation. 1) To be published. ISO 19117:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved4.2 class description of a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, methods, relationships, and semantics ISO/TS 19103 NOTE A class may use a set of interfac
25、es to specify collections of operations it provides to its environment. 4.3 curve 1-dimensional geometric primitive, representing the continuous image of a line ISO 19107 NOTE The boundary of a curve is the set of points at either end of the curve. The first point is called the start point, and the
26、last is the end point. 4.4 dataset identifiable collection of data ISO 19115 NOTE The principles which apply to datasets may also be applied to dataset series and reporting groups. 4.5 external function function not part of the application schema NOTE The electronic map in a car navigation system ha
27、s to be displayed so that the up-direction of the map is always in the direction the car is moving. To be able to specify the rotation of the map, the current position of the car must be retrieved continuously from an external position device using an external function. 4.6 feature abstraction of re
28、al world phenomena ISO 19101 NOTE A feature may occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance should be used when only one is meant. 4.7 feature attribute characteristic of a feature ISO 19101 EXAMPLE 1 A feature attribute named colour may have an attribute value green which belon
29、gs to the data type text. EXAMPLE 2 A feature attribute named length may have an attribute value 82.4 which belongs to the data type real. NOTE 1 A feature attribute has a name, a data type, and a value domain associated with it. A feature attribute for a feature instance also has an attribute value
30、 taken from the value domain. NOTE 2 In a feature catalogue, a feature attribute may include a value domain but does not specify attribute values for feature instances. ISO 19117:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 34.8 feature portrayal rule set collection of portrayal rules that apply to a featur
31、e instance 4.9 geographic information information concerning phenomena implicitly or explicitly associated with a location relative to the Earth ISO 19101 4.10 geometric primitive geometric object representing a single, connected, homogenous element of space ISO 19107 4.11 instance object that reali
32、zes a class ISO 19107 4.12 metadata data about data ISO 19115 4.13 point 0-dimensional geometric primitive, representing a position ISO 19107 4.14 portrayal presentation of information to humans 4.15 portrayal catalogue collection of all defined portrayals 4.16 portrayal rule rule that is applied to
33、 the feature to determine what portrayal specification to use 4.17 portrayal service generic interface used to portray features 4.18 portrayal specification collection of operations applied to the feature instance to portray it 4.19 spatial attribute feature attribute describing the spatial represen
34、tation of the feature by coordinates, mathematical functions and/or boundary topology relationships ISO 19117:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved4.20 surface 2-dimensional geometric primitive, locally representing a continuous image of a region of a plane ISO 19107 5 Abbreviated terms OCL Object
35、Constraint Language UML Unified Modeling Language URL Uniform Resource Locator (also called URI Uniform Resource Identifier) 6 Unified Modeling Language (UML) 6.1 Notations The diagrams that appear in this International Standard are presented using the UML static structure diagram with the basic typ
36、es defined in ISO/TS 19103. The UML notations used in this International Standard are described in Figure 1. Figure 1 UML notations used in this International Standard ISO 19117:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 56.2 UML model stereotypes A UML stereotype is an extension mechanism for existing UM
37、L concepts. It is a model element that is used to classify (or mark) other UML elements so that they in some respect behave as if they were instances of new virtual or pseudo metamodel classes whose form is based on existing base metamodel classes. Stereotypes augment the classification mechanisms o
38、n the basis of the built-in UML metamodel class hierarchy. Below are brief descriptions of the stereotypes used in this International Standard; for more detailed descriptions consult ISO/TS 19103. In this International Standard the following stereotypes are used. Interface definition of a set of ope
39、rations that is supported by objects having this interface. Type stereotyped class used for specification of a domain of instances (objects), together with the operations applicable to the objects. A type may have attributes and associations. MetaClass class whose instances are classes. Metaclasses
40、are typically used in the construction of metamodels. Leaf package that contains definitions, without any sub-packages. 7 Portrayal mechanism 7.1 Introduction This International Standard defines a feature-centred rule-based portrayal mechanism. Instances of features are portrayed based on rules, whi
41、ch make use of geometry and attribute information. The relationship between the feature instances, attributes and the underlying spatial geometry is specified in an application schema according to ISO 19109. Spatial geometry and associated topological relationships are defined in ISO 19107. Portraya
42、l information is needed to portray a dataset containing geographic data. The portrayal information is handled as portrayal specifications applied according to specific portrayal rules (see Clause 8). The portrayal mechanism makes it possible to portray the same dataset in different ways without alte
43、ring the dataset itself. The portrayal mechanism is illustrated by Figure 2. Figure 2 Portrayal mechanism without priority attributes ISO 19117:2005(E) 6 ISO 2005 All rights reservedThe portrayal specifications and portrayal rules shall not be part of the dataset. The portrayal rules shall be stored
44、 in a portrayal catalogue. The portrayal specifications shall be stored separately from the dataset and referenced from the portrayal rules. The portrayal rules shall be specified for the feature class or feature instances they will be applied on. The portrayal specifications may be stored externall
45、y and referenced using a universal reference standard such as a network based URL. Portrayal information may be specified either by sending a portrayal catalogue and portrayal specifications with the dataset, or by referencing an existing portrayal catalogue and portrayal specifications from Metadat
46、a. In addition, the user may want to apply a user defined portrayal catalogue and portrayal specification. The model in Figure 3 shows how the portrayal catalogue is referenced by the dataset metadata. Only the metadata reference is shown and not the contents of the portrayal catalogue (see ISO 1911
47、5). Figure 3 UML model of the portrayal part of ISO 19115 The portrayal rules shall be expressed using UML, as defined in ISO/IEC 19501. The portrayal rule mechanism may be used to handle portrayal issues that have to be solved as they happen, such as how to automatically place text on maps, and spe
48、cial representations of the feature instances according to, for example, time of day or scale. The value of external functions (see 8.3.5), such as time of day or scale, may be included in the portrayal rules. The portrayal rules in the portrayal catalogue shall be tested on the attributes of the fe
49、ature instances in the dataset. The portrayal rule shall be applied as a query statement that returns TRUE or FALSE. The portrayal specification associated with that particular portrayal rule shall then be applied. If no portrayal rule returns TRUE then the default portrayal specification shall be used. A portrayal service is used to portray a feature instance or instances. The portrayal service applies operations using the parameters defined in a p
