1、INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 (ISO 19141:2008, IDT) Geographic information Schema for moving features INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008(ISO 19141:2008, (IDT)Reaffirmed as INCITS/ISO 19144-1:2009 R2015INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 ii ITIC 2008 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typ
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5、Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 9/17/2008 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2008 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject
6、 to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, inclu
7、ding an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 ITIC 2008 - All rights reserved iiiConten
8、ts Page Foreword .v Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Conformance .1 2.1 Conformance classes .1 2.2 Requirements.2 3 Normative references2 4 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms.3 4.1 Terms and definitions .3 4.2 Abbreviated terms.5 5 Package Moving Features .6 5.1 Semantics.6 5.2 Package structure .7
9、5.3 Class hierarchy7 6 Package Geometry Types9 6.1 Package semantics .9 6.2 Type MF_OneParamGeometry9 6.3 Type MF_TemporalGeometry11 6.4 Type MF_Trajectory12 6.5 Type MF_TemporalTrajectory .14 6.6 Class MF_PositionExpression 20 6.7 Type MF_SecondaryOffset 20 6.8 Type MF_MeasureFunction .21 7 Package
10、 Prism Geometry 22 7.1 Package structure .22 7.2 CodeList MF_GlobalAxisName .23 7.3 Type MF_LocalGeometry.25 7.4 Type MF_PrismGeometry 27 7.5 Type MF_RigidTemporalGeometry.28 7.6 Type MF_RotationMatrix29 7.7 Type MF_TemporalOrientation .30 8 Moving features in application schemas 30 8.1 Introduction
11、30 8.2 Representing the spatial characteristics of moving features.31 8.3 Associations of moving features.31 8.4 Operations of moving features 31 Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite 32 A.1 Application schemas for data transfer32 A.2 Application schemas for data with operations 32 Annex B (inform
12、ative) UML Notation 34 B.1 Introduction34 B.2 Class .34 B.3 Stereotype 34 B.4 Attribute35 B.5 Operation35 B.6 Constraint.36 B.7 Note.36 INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 iv ITIC 2008 - All rights reservedB.8 Association 36 B.9 Role name 36 B.10 Multiplicity . 37 B.11 Navigability 37 B.12 Aggregation. 37 B.1
13、3 Composition 38 B.14 Dependency. 38 B.15 Generalization . 38 B.16 Realization. 39 Annex C (informative) Interpolating between orientations 40 C.1 Introduction. 40 C.2 Euler rotations and gimbal lock 40 C.3 Interpolating between two orientation matrices 42 C.4 Interpolating between other orientation
14、 representations. 44 C.5 Sample interpolation 45 Bibliography. 49 INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 ITIC 2008 - All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internation
15、al Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO,
16、 also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical comm
17、ittees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the p
18、ossibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19141 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 vi ITIC 20
19、08 - All rights reservedIntroduction This International Standard specifies a conceptual schema that addresses moving features, i.e., features whose locations change over time. This schema includes classes, attributes, associations and operations that provide a common conceptual framework that can be
20、 implemented to support various application areas that deal with moving features, including: Location Based Services, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Tracking and navigation (land-based, marine, or space), and Modeling and simulation. The schema specifies mechanisms to describe motion consisting
21、 of translation and/or rotation of the feature, but not including deformation of the feature. The schema is based on the concept of a one parameter set of geometries that may be viewed as a set of leaves or a set of trajectories, where a leaf represents the geometry of the moving feature at a partic
22、ular value of the parameter (e.g., a point in time) and a trajectory is a curve that represents the path of a point in the geometry of the moving feature as it moves with respect to the parameter. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 ITIC 2008 - All rights reserved 1Geographic inform
23、ation Schema for moving features 1 Scope This International Standard defines a method to describe the geometry of a feature that moves as a rigid body. Such movement has the following characteristics. a) The feature moves within any domain composed of spatial objects as specified in ISO 19107. b) Th
24、e feature may move along a planned route, but it may deviate from the planned route. c) Motion may be influenced by physical forces, such as orbital, gravitational, or inertial forces. d) Motion of a feature may influence or be influenced by other features, for example: 1) The moving feature might f
25、ollow a predefined route (e.g. road), perhaps part of a network, and might change routes at known points (e.g. bus stops, waypoints). 2) Two or more moving features may be “pulled” together or pushed apart (e.g. an airplane will be refuelled during flight, a predator detects and tracks a prey, refug
26、ee groups join forces). 3) Two or more moving features may be constrained to maintain a given spatial relationship for some period (e.g. tractor and trailer, convoy). This International Standard does not address other types of change to the feature. Examples of changes that are not adressed include
27、the following: The deformation of features. The succession of either features or their associations. The change of non-spatial attributes of features. The features geometric representation cannot be embedded in a geometric complex that contains the geometric representations of other features, since
28、this would require the other features representations to be updated as the feature moves. Because this International Standard is concerned with the geometric description of feature movement, it does not specify a mechanism for describing feature motion in terms of geographic identifiers. This is don
29、e, in part, in ISO 19133. 2 Conformance 2.1 Conformance classes 2.1.1 Introduction This International Standard specifies four conformance classes (Table 1). They are differentiated on the basis of two criteria: purpose and level of complexity. INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 2 ITIC 2008 - All rights reser
30、ved2.1.2 Purpose This International Standard may be used in support of data transfer. Operations defined for objects are irrelevant to data transfer, which requires only descriptions of the state of the objects at the time of transfer. Thus, two conformance classes require only the implementation of
31、 attributes and associations of the classes specified in the schema. The other two conformance classes support the object-oriented implementation of systems or interfaces; they require implementation of operations as well as implementation of attributes and associations. 2.1.3 Complexity Many applic
32、ations do not need a complete description of the geometry of a feature and its orientation at any point in time. Their requirements are satisfied by describing the movement of a single reference point on the feature using its trajectory as specified in Clause 6. One pair of conformance classes suppo
33、rts these simple applications. Other applications need knowledge of the positions at each time of all points or a significant subset of the points on a moving feature. They require the full description provided by the prism geometry specified in Clause 7. Table 1 Conformance classes Purpose Complexi
34、ty Data Transfer Data with operations Trajectory A.1.1 A.2.1 Prism Geometry A.1.2 A.2.2 2.2 Requirements To conform to this International Standard, an application schema shall satisfy the requirements of the Abstract Test Suite in Annex A. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents ar
35、e indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/TS 19103, Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO 19107, Geographic
36、information Spatial schema ISO 19108, Geographic information Temporal schema ISO 19109, Geographic information Rules for application schema ISO 19133, Geographic information Location-based services Tracking and navigation INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 ITIC 2008 - All rights reserved 34 Terms, definition
37、s, and abbreviated terms 4.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1.1 base representation moving features representation, using a local origin and local ordinate vectors, of a geometric object at a given reference time NOTE 1 A rigid g
38、eometric object may undergo translation or rotation, but remains congruent with its base representation. NOTE 2 The local origin and ordinate vectors establish an engineering coordinate reference system (ISO 19111), also called a local frame or a local Euclidean coordinate system. 4.1.2 curve 1-dime
39、nsional geometric primitive, representing the continuous image of a line ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.23 NOTE The boundary of a curve is the set of points at either end of the curve. If the curve is a cycle, the two ends are identical, and the curve (if topologically closed) is considered to not hav
40、e a boundary. The first point is called the start point, and the last is the end point. Connectivity of the curve is guaranteed by the “continuous image of a line“ clause. A topological theorem states that a continuous image of a connected set is connected. 4.1.3 design coordinate reference system e
41、ngineering coordinate reference system in which the base representation of a moving object is specified 4.1.4 feature abstraction of real world phenomena ISO 19101:2002, definition 4.11 NOTE A feature may occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance shall be used when only one is
42、 meant. 4.1.5 feature association relationship that links instances of one feature type with instances of the same or a different feature type ISO 19110:2004, definition 4.2 NOTE Feature associations include aggregation of features. 4.1.6 feature attribute characteristic of a feature ISO 19101:2002,
43、 definition 4.12 4.1.7 feature operation operation that every instance of a feature type may perform ISO 19110:2004, definition 4.5 INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 4 ITIC 2008 - All rights reserved4.1.8 foliation one parameter set of geometries such that each point in the prism of the set is in one and on
44、ly one trajectory and in one and only one leaf 4.1.9 geometric object spatial object representing a geometric set ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.47 4.1.10 geometric primitive geometric object representing a single, connected, homogeneous element of space ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.48 NOTE Geometric
45、primitives are non-decomposed objects that present information about geometric configuration. They include points, curves, surfaces, and solids. 4.1.11 instant 0-dimensional geometric primitive representing position in time ISO 19108:2002, definition 4.1.17 4.1.12 leaf one parameter set of geometrie
46、s geometry at a particular value of the parameter 4.1.13 location-based service LBS service whose return or other property is dependent on the location of the client requesting the service or of some other thing, object or person ISO 19133:2005, definition 4.11 4.1.14 network abstract structure cons
47、isting of a set of 0-dimensional objects called junctions, and a set of 1-dimensional objects called links that connect the junctions, each link being associated with a start (origin, source) junction and end (destination, sink) junction ISO 19133:2005, definition 4.17 NOTE The network is essentiall
48、y the universe of discourse for the navigation problem. Networks are a variety of 1-dimensional topological complex. In this light, junction and topological node are synonyms, as are link and directed edge. 4.1.15 one parameter set of geometries function f from an interval t a, b such that f(t) is a
49、 geometry and for each point P f(a) there is a one parameter set of points (called the trajectory of P) P(t) : a, b P(t) such that P(t) f(t) EXAMPLE A curve C with constructive parameter t is a one parameter set of points c(t). 4.1.16 period one-dimensional geometric primitive representing extent in time ISO 19108:2002, definition 4.1.27 NOTE A period is bounded by two different temporal positions. INCITS/ISO 19141-20082008 ITIC 2008 - All ri
