1、TERNATION L STANDARD ME INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION*MEWYHAfOCIHAfl OPrAHM3AUMR n0 CTAHAAPTM3ALWlM.ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Data processing - Vocabulary Section 10 : Operating techniques and facilities First edition - 1979-03-15 Traitement de Iinf
2、ormation - Vocabulaire Chapitre 10 : Techniques et moyens dexploitation Premiere Edition - 1979-03-15 UDC/CDU 681.3 : 001.4 Ref. No./Rkf. no : ISO 2382/X-1979 (E/F) Descriptors : data processing, vocabuIary/Descripteurs : traitement de linformation, vocabulaire. Price based on 16 pages/Prix bask sur
3、 16 pages Processed and adopted by ASC NCITS and approved by ANSI as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 1/13/99Published by American National Standards Institute,11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 1999 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI).All rights
4、reserved.These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO),International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), andInformation Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication ma
5、y be reproducedin any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requestspertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaAdopted by INCITS (InterNational Comm
6、ittee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 1/13/99Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2002 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI).All rights reserved.These materia
7、ls are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council(ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
8、 form, including an electronic retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaFOREWORD ISO (the International Organization for Standardiz
9、ation) is a worldwide federation of national Standards institutes (ISO member bodies). The work of developing International Standards is carried out through ISO technical committees. Every member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set up has the right to be represe
10、nted on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standar
11、ds by the ISO Council. International Standard ISO 2382/X was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 97, Computers and information processing, and was circulated to the member bodies in May 1977. lt has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries : Austral ia Hungary Belgium Italy
12、Brazil Japan Czechoslovakia Netherlands Egypt, Arab Rep. of New Zealand Finland Poland France Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom U .S.A. Yugoslavia The member body o on technical grounds f the following country expressed disapproval of the document Germany, F. R. 0 International
13、Organization for Standardkation, 1979 l Printed in Switzerland ii AVANT-PROPOS LISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une federation mondiale dorganismes nationaux de normalisation (comites membresde IISO). Lelaboration des Normes internationales est confiee aux comites techniques d
14、e IISO. Chaque comite membre interesse par une etude a Ie droit de faire partiedu comite technique correspondant. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec IISO, participent egalement aux travaux. Les projets de Normes internationales adoptes par le
15、s comites techniques sont soumis aux comites membres pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme Normes internationales par Ie Conseil de IISO. La Norme internationale ISO 2382/X a et6 elaboree par Ie comite technique lSO/TC 97, Calculateurs et traitement de linformation, et a et6 soumise aux com
16、ites membres en mai 1977. Les comites membres des pays suivants Iont approuvee : Australie Hongrie Belgique Italie Bresil Japon Egypte, Rep. arabe d Nouvelle-Zelande Espagne Pays-Bas Finlande Pologne France Roumanie Royaume-Uni Suede Su isse Tchecoslovaquie Turquie U.S.A. Yougoslavie Le comite membr
17、e du pays suivant Ia desapprouvee pour des raisons techniques : Allemagne, R. F. 0 Organisation internationale de normalkation, 1979 l Impfirn6 en Suisse . . . Ill Data processing gives rise to numerous international exchanges of both intellectual and material nature. These exchanges often become di
18、fficu!t, either because of the great variety of terms used in various fields of languages to express the same concept, or because of the absence of or the imprecision of useful concepts. To avoid misunderstandings due to this Situation and to facilitate such exchanges, it is advisable to select term
19、s to be used in various languages or in various countries to express the same concept and to establish definitions providing satisfactory equivalents for the various terms in different languages. In accordance with the directions given to the ISO Sub-Committee in Charge of the Vocabulary, the work o
20、n it has been mainly based on the usage to be found in the Vocabulary o f in forma tion processing * established and published by the International Federation for International Processing and the International Computation Centre, and in the USA Standard vocabulary for information processing establis
21、hed, published and revised by the American National Standards Institute. The Sub-Committee also considered various international documents or drafts issued by ISO Technical Committee 97 and its Sub-Committees and other international organizations (such as the International Telecommunication Union) a
22、nd national drafts or Standards. The definitions have been drawn up with the objective of achieving a proper balance between precision and simplicity. The main objective of this Vocabulary is to provide definitions that tan be understood to have the same meaning by all concerned. lt may thus be felt
23、 that some definitions are not sufficiently precise, do not include all cases, do not take into account certain exceptions, or are in conflict with established uses in particular fields of application. In addition, the Vocabulary consists of several sections prepared over a long period of time and i
24、t may be that the preparation of the later sections introduces inconsistencies with the earlier ones. These imperfections will be eliminated as far as possible in later editions. This procedure allows for immediate publication of needed sections and permits an element of flexibility in the preparati
25、on of a comprehensive vocabulary in view of the dynamics of Ianguage. * North Holland Publishing Company - AMSTERDAM 1966. iv Le traitement de linformation donne lieu 2 de trks nombreux khanges internationaux dordre intellectuel ou matkriel, qui sont souvent rendus difficiles soit par Ba diversite d
26、es termes employk dans diffet-ents milieux ou dans differentes langues pour exprimer une meme notion, soit par Yabsence ou Iimprkision des dkfinitions des notions utiles. Pour eviter les malentendus ayant leur origine dans Ie vocabulaire et faciliter les khanges, il convient de prockder a un choix d
27、es termes a employer dans les differentes langues ou dans les differents pays pour designer Ia meme notion, et de rkdiger des dkfinitions assurant une equivalence pratiquement satisfaisante entre ces diffkrents termes. Conformement aux directives recues par Ie sous-comite de IISQ Charge de Iktude du
28、 Vocabulaire, les travaux correspondants ont et6 essentiellement bases sur Iusage codifik dans Ie Vocabulary of information processing”, ktabli et publik par 11 nternational Federation for Information Processing et Ie Centre international de calcul, et dans Ie USA Standard vocabulary for information
29、 processing, etabli, publik et r6vis6 par IAmerican National Standards Institute. Le sous-comite sest appuyk, en outre, sur diffkents documents ou projets internationaux issus du comitk technique 97 de IISO et de ses sous-comitks ou dautres organisations internationales (telles que Wnion internation
30、ale des t it is usually the output of a linkage editor. 10.02.12 linkage editor linker A Computer program used to create one load module from one or more independently translated * Object modules or load modules by resolving Cross-references among the Object modules, and possibly by relocating eleme
31、nts. 10.02.33 storage image core image The representation of a Computer program and its related data as they exist at the time they reside in main storage. 10.02.04 repartiteu r Programme de Systeme dexploitation ou toute autre unit6 fonctionne/e dont Iobjet est de repartir. 10.02.05 ordonnancer pla
32、nifier Selectionner des travaux ou des taChes en vue de leur allouer du temps de processeur. NOTE - Dans certains syst&mes dexploitation, Iordonnancement peut kgalement porter sur dautres uni& de travail comme les Opera tions den trke-sortie. 10.02.06 execution de travail Action deffectuer un ou plu
33、sieurs travaux. 10.02.07 passage Action de derouler un ou plusieurs Programmes. 10.02.08 flux de travaux flot de travaux file de travaux Squence des representations des travaux ou des Parties de travail a effectuer, soumise a un Systeme dexploitation. 10.02.09 langage de commande Ensemble doperateur
34、s de procedure regi par une syntaxe, servant a solliciter les fonctions dun Systeme dexploita- tion . 10.02.10 module resultant Element de Programme fourni en sortie ?ar un assembleur ou un compilateur, et pouvant etre repris en entrge par un 6diteur de liens. 10.02.11 module chargeable Element de P
35、rogramme fourni en sortie, Ie plus souvent par un editeur de liens, sous une forme qui se prete au char- gement pour ex&ution. 10.02.12 editeur de liens Programme destine a produire un module chargeab/e a partir dun ou plusieurs modules r&ultants * traduits inde- pendamment, ou de modules chargeable
36、s, par Ietablissement de correspondances entre les references communes utilisees par les differents modules resultants, et eventuellement par translation delements. 10.02.13 image memoire Forme sous laquelle des Programmes et les donndes asso- ciees se presentent au moment ou ils se trouvent en memo
37、ire principale. 5 ISO 2382/X-1979 (E/F) 10.0214 control area A storage area used by a computerprogram to hold control in forma Gon. 10.02.15 control program A Computer program designed to schedule and to supervise the execution of programs in a Computer System. 10.02.16 resident (adjective) Pertaini
38、ng to Computer programs that remain on a particular storage device. 10.02.17 nucleus resident control Programme That part of a control program that is resident in main storage. 10.02.18 System generation sysgen (acronym) The process of selecting optional Parts of an operating System and of creating
39、a particular operating System tailored to the requirements of a data processing installation. 10.03 QPERATING MODES 10.03.01 batch processing The processing of data or the accomplishment of jobs, accumulated in advance, in such a manner that the user cannot further influence its processing while it
40、is in progress. 10.03.02 remote batch processing Batch processing in which input-output units have access to a Computer through a data link. 10.03.03 conversational mode interactive mode time sharing (deprecated in this sense) A mode of Operation of a Computer System in which a sequence of alternati
41、ng entries and responses between a user and the System takes place in a manner similar to a dialogue between two persons. 10.02.14 zone de commande Zone de memoire utilisee par un Programme pour Ie range- ment dinformations de controle ou de commande. 10.02.15 Programme de commande Programme de cont
42、role Programme servant 5 ordonnancer et surveiller Iexecution des Programmes dans un ordinateur 10.02.16 resident (adjectif) rbsidant Se dit de Programmes qui sont a demeure dans une me- moire donnee. 10.02.17 noyau Programme de commande resident Programme de contrble resident Partie dun Programme d
43、e commande residant en memoire principale. 10.02.18 generation de Systeme Processus selon lequel on choisit les elements facultatifs dun Systeme dexploitation pour cr&%- un Systeme dexploi- tation particulier adapte aux besoins d”une installation de traitemen t de lin forma tion . 10.03 MODES DEXPLO
44、ITATION 10.03.01 traitement par lots Traitement de donnees ou realisation de travaux dont les donnees et les descriptions ont et6 regroupees au prealable, et qui sont effectuees dans des conditions telles que Iutili- sateur ne puisse plus agir sur les traitements en cours. 10.03.02 traitement par lo
45、ts a distance Praitement par lots dans lequel des organes dentree-sortie ont acc& 5 un ordinateur par une liaison de donnees. 10.03.03 mode dialogue Mode dexploitation dun ordinateur dans lequel une Suite de demandes et de reponses alternees entre un utilisateur et lordinateur se deroule dune manier
46、e semblable a un dialogue entre deux personnes. ISO 2382/X-1979 (E/F) 10.03.04 real time (adjective) Pertaining to the processing of data by a Computer in connection with another process outside the Computer according to time requirements imposed by the outside process. NOTE - The term “real time” i
47、s also used to describe Systems operating in conversational mode and processes that tan be influenced by human intervention while they are in progress. 10.03.05 online (adjective) online IGB/ (adjective) Pertaining to the Operation of a functional unit when under the direct control of the Computer.
48、10.03.06 offline (adjective) off-line /GB/ (adjective) Pertaining to the Operation of a functional unit when not under the direct control of the Computer. 10.03.07 Single step Operation step-by-step Operation A mode of Operation of a Computer in which a Single Computer instruction or part of a Compu
49、ter instruction is executed in response to an external Signal. 10.04 OPERATING TECHNIQUES 10.04.01 spooling The use of auxiliary storage as a buffer storage to reduce processing delays when transferring * data between peripheral equipment and the processors of a Computer. NOTE - The term is derived Peripheral Ow ration On Li ne”. from the expression “Simultaneous 10.04.02 remote batch entry Submission of batches of data through an input unit that has access to a Computer through a data link. 10.04.03 remote job entry RJE (abbreviation) Su
