1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISOAEC li18-3 First edition 1997-05-01 Information technology - Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Extensions Technologies de Iinformation - Compression numkique et codage des images fixes de na ture photographique: Extensions Reference number ISO/
2、IEC 10918-3: 1997(E) Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 4/14/99Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2002 by Information Technolog
3、y Industry Council (ITI).All rights reserved.These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council(ITI). Not for re
4、sale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaI
5、SO/IEC 10918=3:1997(E) Contents Page Scope . i . Normative references . Definitions, abbreviations, Symbols and conventions 4 5 6 General . Compressed data format requirements . Encoder requirements . 7 Decoder requirements Annex A - Mathematical definitions Annex B - Compressed data formats . Annex
6、 C - Variable quantization . Annex D - Selective refinement . Annex E - Tiling Annex F - Still Picture Interchange File Format (SPIFF) Annex G - Compliance testing . Annex H - Examples and guidelines Annex 1 - Bibliography 1 1 2 6 10 10 11 12 14 28 31 34 39 57 72 80 0 ISO/IEC 1997 All rights reserve
7、d. Unless othemise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher. ISO/IEC Copyright Office l Case postale 56 l CH- 12 11 Geneve 20 l Sw
8、itzerland Printed in Switzerland ii 0 ISOAEC ISO/IEC 10918-3: 1997(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized System for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC pa
9、rticipate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governme
10、ntal and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodie
11、s for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO/IEC 10918-3 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multi
12、media and hypermedia information, in collaboration with ITU-T. The identical text is published as ITU-T Rec. T.84. ISOIIEC 10918 consists of the following Parts, under the general title Information technology - Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Part I: Requirements and
13、guidelines Part 2: Compliance testing - Part 3: Extensions - Part 4: Registration procedures for JPEG Profile, APPn marker and SPIFF Profile ID marker - Part 5: MHEG subsetfor base Level implementation Annexes A to G form an integral part of this part of ISO/IEC 109 18. Annexes H and 1 are for infor
14、mation only . iii ISO/IEC 10918-3: 1997(E) 0 ISOIIEC Introduction This Recommendation I International Standard, Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images, is published as three parts: - CCITT Rec. T.8 1 1 ISO/IEC 10918-1: Requirements and guidelines; - ITU-T Rec. T.83 1 ISO/IEC
15、10918-2: Compliance testing; - ITU-T Rec. T.84 1 ISO/IEC 10918-3: Extensions. This Recommendation 1 International Standard sets out requirements and guidelines for encoding and decoding extensions to the processes defined by CCITT Rec. T.81 1 ISO/IEC 10918-1, and for the coded representation of comp
16、ressed image data of these extensions. This Recommendation ( International Standard also defines tests for determining whether implernentations comply with the requirements for the various encoding and decoding extensions. This Recomrnendation 1 International Standard: - defines extensions including
17、 variable quantization, selective refinement, composite tiling, and a Still Picture Interchange File Format (SPIFF) to processes for converting Source image data to compressed image data; - defines extensions to processes for converting compressed image data to reconstructed image data; - defines co
18、ded representations for compressed image data; - gives guidance and examples on how to implement these extensions in practice; describes compliance tests for these extensions. ISO/IEC 10918-3 : 1997 (E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ITU-T RECOMMENDATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - DIGITAL COMPRESSION AND CODI
19、NG OF CONTINUOUS-TONE STILL IMAGES: EXTENSIONS 1 Scope This Recommendation 1 International Standard is applicable to continuous-tone - grayscale or colour - digital still image data. It is applicable to a wide range of applications which require use of compressed images. This Recommendation 1 Intern
20、ational Standard: - defines extensions including variable quantization, selective refinement, tiling, and a Still Picture Interchange File Format (SPIFF) to processes for converting Source image data to compressed image data; - defines extensions to processes for converting compressed image data to
21、reconstructed image data; - defines coded representations for compressed image data; - gives guidance and examples on how to implement these extensions in practice; - describes compliance tests for these extensions. 2 Normative references The following Recommendations and International Standards con
22、tain provisions which, through references in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation 1 International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and Standards are subject to revision, and Parties to agreements based on this Recommendat
23、ion 1 International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and Standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. The Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB) o
24、f the ITU maintains a list of currently valid ITU-T Recommendations. 21 . Identical Recommendations 1 International Standards - ITU-T Recommendation H.262 (1995) 1 ISO/IEC 138 18-2: 1995, Information technology - Generic coding of movingpictures and associated audio information: Video. - CCITT Recom
25、mendation T.8 1 (1992) 1 ISO/IEC 10918-1: 1994, Information technology - Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images - Requirements and guidelines. - ITU-T Recommendation T.82 (1993) 1 ISO/IEC 11544: 1993, Information technology - Coded representation of picture and audio informat
26、ion - Progressive bi-Zevel image compression. - ITU-T Recommendation T.83 (1994) 1 ISO/IEC 10918-2:1995, Information technology - Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Compliance testing. 22 . Additional references - ISO 3 166: 1993 l), Codes for the representation of names
27、 of countries. - ISO 5807:1985, Information processing - Documentation symbols and conventions for data, program and systemflowcharts, program network Charts and System resources Charts. - ISO 8601:1988, dates and times. Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange - Representatio
28、n of l) Currently under revision. ITU-T Rec. T.84 (1996 E) 1 ISO/IEC 10918-3 : 1997 (E) - ISO 8859-1: 1987, Information processing - a-bit singZe byte coded graphic Character sets - Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1. - ISO 8859-2: 1987, Information processing - g-bit Single-byte coded graphic Character s
29、ets - Part 2: Latin alphabet No. 2. - ISO 8859-3: 1988, Informationprocessing - a-bit Single-byte coded graphic Character sets - Part 3: Latin alphabet No. 3. - ISO 8859-4: 1988, Information processing - 8-bit singie-byte coded graphic Character sets - Part 4: Latin alphabet No. 4. - ISO/IEC 8859-5:
30、 1988, Information processing - 8-bit Single-byte coded graphic Character sets - Part 5. LatinKyriZZic alphabet. - ISO 8859-6:1987, Information processing - g-bit Single-byte coded graphic Character sets - Part 6: Latin/Arabic alphabet. - ISO 8859-7: 1987, Information processing - 8-bit Single-byte
31、coded graphic Character sets - Part 7: Latin/Greek alphabet. - ISO 8859-8:1988, Information processing - 8-bit singZe-byte coded graphic Character sets - Part 8. Latin/Hebrew alphabet. - ISO/IEC 8859-9: 1989, Information processing - g-bit Single-byte coded graphic Character sets - Part 9: Latin alp
32、habet No. 5. - ISO/IEC 8859- 10: 1992, Information technology - S-bit Single-byte coded graphic Character sets - Part IO: Latin alphabet No. 6. - ISO/IEC 10646- 1: 1993, Information technozogy - Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (WS) - Part 1: Architecture and Basic MuZtiZinguaZ Plane. -
33、ISOAEC 11172-2: 1993, Information technology - Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s - Part 2: Video. - ITU-T Recommendation T.4 (1993), Standardization of group 3 facsimile apparatus for document transmission. - CCITT Recommendation T.6 (
34、1988), Facsimile coding schemes and coding control functions for Group 4 facsimile apparatus. - ITU-T Recommendation T.30 (1993), Procedures for document facsimile transmission in the general switched telephone network. - ITU-T Recommendation T.42 (1994), Continuous-tone colour representation method
35、 for facsimile. - CCITT Recommendation T.5 1 (1992), Latin based coded Character sets for telematic Services. - ITU-T Recommendation T.85 (1995), Application Profile for Recommendation T.82 - Progressive bi-ZeveZ image compression (JBIG coding scheme) for facsimile apparatus. - CCITT Recommendation
36、T.503 (1991), A document application profiZe for the interchange of Group 4 facsimile documents. - CIE 1976 (L* a* b*) space, CIE Publication No. 15.2, Colorimetry, 2nd. Ed. (1986). - Recommendation ITU-R BT.470-3 (1995), Television Systems. - Recommendation ITU-R BT.60 l-4 (1992), Encodingparameter
37、s of digital television for Studios. - Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-1, Basic Parameter values for the HDTV Standards for the Studio and for internationalprogramme exchange. - SMPTE 170M - 1994, For television - Composite analog Video Signal - NTSC for Studio applications. - SMPTE 240M - 1994, For tel
38、evision - Signalparameters - 1125 Zine high definition production Systems. 3 Definitions, abbreviations, Symbols and conventions 31 . Definitions For the purposes of this Recommendation 1 International Standard, the following definitions apply. 2 ITU-T Rec. T.84 (1996 E) ISO/IEC 10918-3 : 1997 (E) 3
39、.1.1 capability indicator: A Parameter of the version marker Segment that indicates which of the processes of WITT Rec. T.8 1 1 ISO/IEC 10918-1 or the extensions of ITU-T Rec. T.84 1 ISO/IEC 109 18-3 are required to decode the bitstream which follows. Esch bit of this Parameter Signals the presence
40、of a particular capability. 3.1.2 component registration: Specification of the spatial positioning of samples within components relative to the samples of other components. 3.1.3 component contain fewer than the selective refinement: A type of selective refinement which al components defined in the
41、fiame header. lows for a region of an image to total number of colour 3.1.4 composite tiling: A type of tiling which allows for overlapping tiles without restrictions on tile size and other compression Parameters. 3.1.5 grid: A mathematical abstraction consisting of a two-dimensional array of elemen
42、ts used for composite tiling. 3.6.6 hierarchical selective refinement: A type of selective refinement which allows for a region of an image to be further refined by the next differential frame of a hierarchical sequence. 3.1.7 hierarckical seqmence: A hierarchical Progression of fi-ames starting wit
43、h a DHP marker Segment. 3.1.8 image grid: For composite tiled images, a grid associated with the down-sampled collaged image. 3.1.9 p arameters: Fixed length unsigned integers 4, 8, 16, or 32 bits in length, or variable length strings terminate by a Single byte with al 1 bits set to 0, used in the c
44、ompressed data formats and the Still Picture Interchange File Format. d 3.1.10 progressive selective refinement: A type of selective refinement which allows for more non-Zero DCT coefficients, more bits to the DCT coefficients, or both to be added to those previously coded in a region of an image. 3
45、.6.11 pyramidal tiling: A type of tiling which allows for multiple resolution levels. Tiles within each resolution level adhere to simple tiling definitions. 3.1.12 reference gridr For composite tiled images, a grid associated with the up-sampled collaged image. 3.1.13 resolution: Samples per unit o
46、f linear di.mension. 3.1.14 selective refinement: An extension which provides for mrther processing of a region of an image, typically for the purpose sf image quality enhancement. There are three types of selective refinement: hierarchical selective refinement, progressive selective refinement, and
47、 component selective refinement. 3.1.15 simple tiling: The with identical Parameters. definition of an image by an association of contiguous non-overlapping sub-images, each 3.1.16 tile: A sub-image of any size and resolution which is part of a larger image. 3.1.17 tiled image: An image composed of
48、rectangular sub-images. These sub-images are called tiles. 3.1.18 tile grid: For composite tiled images, a grid associated with a tile. 3.1.19 variable quantization: The process of rescaling quantization values used to quantize the AC DCT coefficients at any 8 by 8 block of an image, as described in
49、 Annex C. 32 . Abbreviations The abbreviations used in this Recommendation 1 International Standard are listed below. 3.2.1 JBIG: Joint Bi-level Image experts Group - The joint ISO/ITU committee responsible for developing Standards for bi-level image coding. It also refers to the Standard produced by this committee: ITU-T Rec. T.82 1 ISO/IEC 11544. 3.2.2 JFIF: JPEG File Interchange Format - A basic file format specification for the delivery and interchange of JPEG compressed images. 3.2.3 JPEG: Joint Photographit Experts Group - The joint ISO/ITU committee responsible for developing Sta
