1、INCITS/ISO/IEC 11179-2:20052009 (ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005, IDT) Information technology Metadata registries (MDR) Part 2: ClassificationINCITS/ISO/IEC 11179-2:20052009(ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005, IDT)INCITS/ISO/IEC 11179-2:20052009ii ITIC 2009 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedd
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5、ation Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 3/23/2009 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2009 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are s
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7、 including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America INCITS/ISO/IEC 11179-2:20052009 ITIC 2009 All rights reserved
8、 iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction .v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references .2 3 Terms and definitions 2 4 Attributes of a Classification Scheme .3 5 Mechanism for classifying an administered item .5 Annex A (normative) Regions of the MDR metamodel containing classification scheme attributes 6 B
9、ibliography 9 INCITS/ISO/IEC 11179-2:20052009 iv ITIC 2009 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO
10、or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
11、 governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directiv
12、es, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the na
13、tional bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 11179-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/I
14、EC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 32, Data management and interchange. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 11179-2:2000), in order to harmonize with ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003. All normative material in ISO/IEC 11179-2:2000, including the attributes and mode
15、l of a classification scheme, have been modified and included in ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003. This second edition of ISO/IEC 11179-2 contains some minor elaboration of ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003, 4.10 (Classification Region). ISO/IEC 11179 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information tech
16、nology Metadata registries (MDR): Part 1: Framework Part 2: Classification Part 3: Registry metamodel and basic attributes Part 4: Formulation of data definitions Part 5: Naming and identification principles Part 6: Registration INCITS/ISO/IEC 11179-2:20052009 ITIC 2009 All rights reserved v Introdu
17、ction This part of ISO/IEC 11179 focuses on the part of the metadata registry (MDR) model called the classification region (ISO/IEC 11179-3, 4.10). The classification region permits the registration and administration of all or part of a classification scheme. Optionally, a classification scheme may
18、 be used to classify administered items, the registered artifacts in a metadata registry. There are many efforts underway to devise classification schemes and to use the schemes to build and populate classification structures. For the purpose of this part of ISO/IEC 11179, the following are all cons
19、idered types of classification schemes of varying discriminatory power: key words, thesauri, taxonomies, and ontologies. These classification schemes have potentially great utility for documenting objects in the real world, including administered items in an MDR. There are several purposes for apply
20、ing classification to real world objects. Classification assists users to find a single object from among a large collection of objects, facilitates the administration and analysis of a collection of objects, and, through inheritance, conveys semantic content that is often only incompletely specifie
21、d by other attributes, such as names and definitions. When applied to classifying administered items in an MDR, the classification schemes accommodated in this part of ISO/IEC 11179 have utility for deriving and formulating abstract and application administered items; ensuring appropriate attribute
22、and attribute-value inheritance; deriving names from a controlled vocabulary; disambiguating; recognizing superordinate, coordinate, and subordinate administered item concepts; recognizing relationships among administered items; assisting in the development of modularly designed names and definition
23、s. The preparation of ISO/IEC 11179 has also been prompted by the need for standardized data design procedures that will ensure the emergence of data elements capable of supporting electronic data interchange. Each type of classification scheme mentioned above has particular strengths and weaknesses
24、, and provides the foundation upon which particular capabilities can be built. Keywords, for example, are a quick way to provide users some assistance in locating potentially useful administered items. A thesaurus provides a more structured approach, arranging descriptive terms in a structure of bro
25、ader, narrower, and related classification categories. A taxonomy provides a classification structure that adds the power of inheritance of meaning from generalized taxa to specialized taxa. Ontologies, with associated epistemologies, can provide rich, rigorously defined structures (e.g. directed ac
26、yclic graphs with multiple inheritance) that can convey information needed by software, such as intelligent agents and mediators that are useful in the provision of intelligent information services. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INCITS/ISO/IEC 11179-2:20052009 ITIC 2009 All rights reserved 1 Informatio
27、n technology Metadata registries (MDR) Part 2: Classification 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 11179 restates and elaborates on the procedures and techniques of ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003 for registering classification schemes and classifying administered items in an MDR. All types of administered items can b
28、e classified, including object classes, properties, representations, value domains, and data element concepts, as well as data elements themselves. This part of ISO/IEC 11179 develops a set of principles, methods, and procedures for specifying what is needed (at a minimum) to document the associatio
29、n between the various types of administered items and one or more classification schemes. This includes the names, definitions, and other aspects of the classification scheme and its contents. These can be captured through use of a set of attributes. Particular attributes are specified in this part
30、of ISO/IEC 11179, along with a structure for the contents of these attributes. Users may extend the set of attributes as necessary. Additional information may accompany a taxonomy or ontology; for example, to provide a suggested set of qualifiers that could be applied to the object class, property,
31、or representation taxa to more fully qualify the classification of the particular administered item. This part of ISO/IEC 11179 summarizes the basic attributes and model specified in ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003. An example in this part of ISO/IEC 11179 shows how selected components of data elements can be
32、associated with a classification scheme through the attributes specified in this part of ISO/IEC 11179. Use of one or more classification schemes is intended to provide a sound conceptual basis for the development of metadata having enhanced semantic purity and design integrity. This part of ISO/IEC
33、 11179 does not establish a particular classification scheme as preeminent. Sanction of a particular taxonomic approach and/or a particular epistemology is also beyond the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 11179. These are addressed by other standards committees and/or tend to be tailored to a particula
34、r domain of discourse. The power of the classification scheme and the utility of the content are appropriate areas for competition. Other standards committees are developing or have developed normative languages for use in classification and/or particular techniques and structures that can be accomm
35、odated by this International Standard. For example, the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) has developed a standard for development of a thesaurus. It is appropriate for each classification structure to be documented as to how it was developed and how it can be extended and maintaine
36、d. Such attributes could be added, by the principle of extensibility, to the attributes specified in this part of ISO/IEC 11179. They are not, however, included here. Each Registration Authority, as described and specified in ISO/IEC 11179-6, may classify administered items according to the classifi
37、cation schemes, structures, and content that it deems appropriate. In documenting the classification aspects of administered items, the Registration Authority may use the principles, methods, procedures, and attributes specified in this part of ISO/IEC 11179. INCITS/ISO/IEC 11179-2:20052009 2 ITIC 2
38、009 All rights reserved 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IS
39、O/IEC 11179 (all parts), Information technology Metadata registries (MDR) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 attribute characteristic of an object or entity 3.2 Classification Scheme descriptive information for an arrangement or
40、division of objects into groups based on characteristics which the objects have in common 3.3 Classification Scheme Item CSI item of content in a Classification Scheme 3.4 Classification Scheme Item Relationship relationship among items in a Classification Scheme 3.5 classification scheme item relat
41、ionship type description description of the type of relationship between a Classification Scheme Item and one or more other Classification Scheme Items in a Classification Scheme 3.6 classification scheme item type name name of the type of the Classification Scheme Item 3.7 classification scheme ite
42、m value instance of a Classification Scheme Item 3.8 classification scheme membership relationship of a Classification Scheme with its items 3.9 classification scheme type name name of the type of Classification Scheme 3.10 Concept unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics
43、 3.11 name primary means of identification of objects and concepts for humans INCITS/ISO/IEC 11179-2:20052009 ITIC 2009 All rights reserved 3 3.12 Terminological Entry entry containing information on terminological units for a specific Administered Item within a Context (subject field) 4 Attributes
44、of a Classification Scheme Classification schemes shall be registered in an MDR by recording their attributes. Minimally, a registered classification scheme shall have an administration record and a classification scheme type name. Optionally, other attributes listed in this clause may be recorded.
45、The following table lists the attributes of a classification system that may be recorded in an MDR. The figure refers to the UML diagram in Annex A in which the attribute occurs. Attributes in bold are datatypes containing multiple attribute components. Attribute Occurrences Figure Designation name
46、One per Terminological Entry Language Section A.2 Designation preferred designation Zero or one per Terminological Entry Language Section A.2 Designation language identifier One per Language Section in each Terminological Entry A.2 Definition definition text One per Terminological Entry Language Sec
47、tion A.2 Definition preferred definition Zero or one per Terminological Entry Language Section A.2 Definition source reference Zero or one per Terminological Entry Language Section A.2 Definition language identifier One per Language Section in each Terminological Entry A.2 Context administration rec
48、ord One per context A.2 Context description One per context A.2 Context description language identifier Zero or one per context A.2 Classification Scheme type name One per classification scheme A.1 Classification Scheme Item value One per classification scheme item A.1 Classification Scheme Item typ
49、e name Zero or one per classification scheme item A.1 Classification Scheme Item Relationship type description One per classification scheme item relationship type description A.1 Administration Record item identifier One per classification scheme A.4 Administration Record registration status One per classification scheme A.4 Administration Record administrative status One per classification scheme A.4 INCITS/ISO/IEC 11179-2:20052009 4 ITIC 2009 All rights reserved Attrib
