1、Reference numberISO/IEC 11581-2:2000(E)ISO/IEC 2000INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO/IEC11581-2First edition2000-04-01Information technology User systeminterfaces and symbols Icon symbolsand functions Part 2:Object iconsTechnologies de linformation Interfaces pour systme utilisateur etsymboles Symboles et fo
2、nctions dicnes Partie 2: Icnes dobjetAdopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 1/25/01Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2002 by Infor
3、mation Technology Industry Council (ITI).All rights reserved.These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council(
4、ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United St
5、ates of AmericaISO/IEC 11581-2:2000(E)PDF disclaimerThis PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall notbe edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the
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8、he address given below. ISO/IEC 2000All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address belo
9、w or ISOs member bodyin the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 Gb7 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 734 10 79E-mail copyrightiso.chWeb www.iso.chPrinted in Switzerlandii ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reservedISO/IEC 11581-2:2000(E) ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reserv
10、ed iiiContents PageForeword.ivIntroduction.v1 Scope12 Conformance13 Normative reference14 Terms and definitions .15 Conceptual construction of object icons15.1 Metaphor.25.2 Function25.3 Abstract object.25.4 Generic object35.5 Specific object35.6 Basic units35.7 Components.35.8 Graphic .35.9 Present
11、ed icon.36 Object icon requirements and recommendations46.1 Requirements.46.1.1 Graphic and function.46.1.2 Orientation46.1.3 Opacity46.1.4 Opening an object icon.46.1.5 State change.46.1.6 Sensitive region.46.2 Recommendations.56.2.1 Function and graphic56.2.2 Consistent behaviour56.2.3 Metaphor.56
12、.2.4 Typeface .56.2.5 Visibility56.2.6 Layered object icons.57 Icon specifications.57.1 Core object icons.67.1.1 Document .67.1.2 Folder77.1.3 Filing cabinet87.1.4 Mail .97.1.5 Printer .127.1.6 Telephone.137.1.7 Facsimile.147.1.8 Diskette.157.1.9 Waste paper can 167.2 Secondary object icons 177.2.1
13、Accessory object icons.177.2.2 System environment object icons .19Annex A (informative) Minimum information to be given when submitting an icon25ISO/IEC 11581-2:2000(E)iv ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reservedForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Elect
14、rotechnical Commission)form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IECparticipate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by therespective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
15、 activity. ISO and IEC technical committeescollaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Dire
16、ctives, Part 3.In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.Publication as an International Standard requires approva
17、l by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO/IEC 11581 may be the subject ofpatent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.International Standard IS
18、O/IEC 11581-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Informationtechnology, Subcommittee SC 35, User Interfaces.ISO/IEC 11581 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology User systeminterfaces and symbols Icon symbols and functions: Part 1: Icons
19、General Part 2: Object icons Part 3: Pointer icons Part 4: Control icons Part 5: Tool icons Part 6: Action iconsAnnex A of this part of ISO/IEC 11581 is for information only.ISO/IEC 11581-2:2000(E) ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reserved vIntroductionObject icons are a subset of icons that represent the ob
20、jects making up the domain of a system or application andthat users manipulate in doing their jobs. They are distinguished from other icons by the fact that they mediate userinteractions with software applications, and they may be moved and opened. Object icons are images thatrepresent functions by
21、using associations with similar physical objects.Besides representing a function an object icons can sometimes represent a similar physical object. For example aprinter icon image can represent a specific printer, rather than the generic concept of printing.Figure 1 shows a model relating an icon on
22、 the screen, the way it is interpreted by the user, and the applicationconcept that it represents.Figure 1 User interpretation of object iconsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 11581-2:2000(E) ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reserved 1Information technology User system interfaces and symbols Icon symbols and fu
23、nctions Part 2:Object icons1 ScopeISO/IEC 11581 applies to icons that are shown on a screen, that users can manipulate and interact with, and thatrepresent data, or computer system functions. This part of ISO/IEC 11581 addresses only object icons. “Objecticons” is a term used in ISO/IEC 11581 to des
24、cribe icons that represent functions by association with an object andthat can be moved and opened. Other types of icons are covered in other parts of the standard that are listed in theForeword.Annex A describes the information to be given when submitting new object icons for inclusion in this part
25、 ofISO/IEC 11581.2 ConformanceA system, application, or set of one or more icon(s) conforms to this part of ISO/IEC 11581 if all icons available tothe user in the system, application, or set conform to clause 5 and subclause 6.1 of ISO/IEC 11581-1:2000 and allobject icons implemented by the system,
26、application, or set conform to 6.1 of this part of ISO/IEC 11581.3 Normative referenceThe following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis part of ISO/IEC 11581. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any o
27、f thesepublications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO/IEC 11581 are encouraged toinvestigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative document indicated below. Forundated references, the latest edition of the normative document referre
28、d to applies. Members of ISO and IECmaintain registers of currently valid International Standards.ISO/IEC 11581-1:2000, Information technology User system interfaces and symbols Icon symbols andfunctions Part 1: Icons General.4 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this part of ISO/IEC 11581, the
29、 terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 11581-1 apply.5 Conceptual construction of object iconsFigure 2 illustrates the conceptual construction of object icons for this part of ISO/IEC 11581. The framework isparticularly appropriate for developing object icons. It shows how the user interprets an im
30、plemented object iconand deduces its function with the aid of the metaphor. However, if the purpose of the icon is to represent a physicaldevice (rather than a generic function), the abstract object is not necessarily relevant.This clause provides descriptions and examples of the elements of the fra
31、mework as applied to object icons.ISO/IEC 11581-2:2000(E)2 ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reservedFigure 2 Framework used to specify object icons5.1 MetaphorAn object icon is itself a metaphor for an object in the metaphoric environment. Many of the icons used in this partof ISO/IEC 11581 reflect the offic
32、e metaphor.5.2 FunctionWhen a function can be expressed by a metaphorical object, it can be represented in a graphical user interface byan object icon that depicts that object. Object icons represent the computer functionality and also have their ownbehavioural aspects.5.3 Abstract objectExamples of
33、 abstract objects are:Gbe things that print andGbe means of disposing of unwanted objects.ISO/IEC 11581-2:2000(E) ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reserved 35.4 Generic objectThe generic object is a subclass of the abstract object, for example:Gbe personal computer printer andGbe objects used to contain garb
34、age.5.5 Specific objectThe specific object is a specific realization of the generic object, corresponding to a certain physical object, forexample:Gbe a specific electromechanical printer with paper emerging andGbe a specific instance of an object used to contain garbage.NOTE Only the left-hand exam
35、ple uses the graphic in this part of ISO/IEC 11581.Figure 3 Examples of icons based on different specific instances of objects used to contain garbage5.6 Basic unitsBasic units are essential elements of the specific object. Each conceptual basic unit should be a meaningful objectby itself. For examp
36、le:Gbe a printer and a sheet of paper andGbe a trash can.5.7 ComponentsExamples of components are:Gbe the printer body (rectangular, with the height less than the width, and a central horizontal slot not touching thesides) andGbe a sheet of paper (rectangular, with the height greater than the width,
37、 any one corner of the sheet is folded,forming a triangular shape within the sheet of paper).5.8 GraphicThe graphical representation of the object that is formed from the components. It is the graphical representation ofthe specific instance (see 5.5).5.9 Presented iconThe graphic object icon as it
38、is displayed on the screen.ISO/IEC 11581-2:2000(E)4 ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reserved6 Object icon requirements and recommendations6.1 Requirements6.1.1 Graphic and functionIf a system or application uses an object icon that has the appearance of the object icon graphic specified in clause7 of this p
39、art of ISO/IEC 11581 within the specific variations given, and within the global variations specified inISO/IEC 11581-1, it shall serve the primary function specified in clause 7 of this part of ISO/IEC 11581.6.1.2 OrientationUnless otherwise specified all object icons represented in this part of th
40、e standard shall be used in the orientationshown in clause 7. The interpretation of the meaning of an object icon may depend on its orientation and careshould be taken to avoid ambiguity. For example, a representation of an object (such as a folder) that is depictedupside down on the screen could be
41、 interpreted to have a different meaning (such as “empty”) than when depictedin its upright orientation.6.1.3 OpacityThe areas enclosed within the outline of the graphic of an icon shall be opaque. The remaining area outside theoutline and bounded by the overall cell area can be opaque or transparen
42、t.6.1.4 Opening an object iconOpening an object icon shall allow access to the associated functionality or information of an icon and/or provide aview of the object represented by the icon.6.1.5 State changeThe conventions used to indicate the changes in state assumed by the object icon shall be use
43、d consistently for allobject icons within a set for which conformance is claimed.Basic object icon Examples of different statesFigure 4 Examples of state indication6.1.6 Sensitive regionObject icons shall have a sensitive region, typically an invisible overlay to the graphical symbol. Its purpose is
44、 toprovide an area, associated with each icon, to enable both user manipulation and interaction with other icons.ISO/IEC 11581-2:2000(E) ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reserved 56.2 Recommendations6.2.1 Function and graphicIf a system or application uses an object icon that serves the primary function spec
45、ified in clause 7 of this part ofISO/IEC 11581, it is highly recommended that it have the appearance of the object icon graphic specified in clause7, within the specific variations given and within the global variations specified in 6.3 of ISO/IEC 11581-1:2000.6.2.2 Consistent behaviourThe way objec
46、t icons behave on the screen should be consistent for all object icons in the system. For example, ifan object icon is moved, the way the path of the move and original position of the icon are indicated should beindicated consistently for all object icons.6.2.3 MetaphorThe metaphor represented by th
47、e object icon should be directly related to the functionality of the object icon.6.2.4 TypefaceA simple typeface should be employed if letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and mathematical symbols are usedas integrated elements of the object icon.6.2.5 VisibilityDuring any action involving user-cont
48、rolled continuous movement of the icon, both the original position and theinstantaneous current position of the icon should be visible on the screen.6.2.6 Layered object iconsWhere several object icons are superimposed, the sensitive area of the uppermost should take precedence.Typically it is not p
49、ossible to directly interact with the lower ones through visual gaps in the uppermost icon.7 Icon specificationsThe following icon specifications are consistent with the framework in clause 5. The illustrations represent the basicgraphics for the object icon subject to global variations (see ISO/IEC 11581-1:2000, 6.3) and the specific variationsgiven in this clause, listed for each icon where appropriate.Object icons specified in this clause fall into three categories:Gbe core object icons that can accept othe
