1、B CReference numberISO/IEC 13235-1:1998(E)INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO/IEC13235-1First edition1998-12-15Information technology Open DistributedProcessing Trading function:SpecificationTechnologies de linformation Traitement distribu ouvert Fonctioncommerciale: SpcificationsAdopted by INCITS (InterNation
2、al Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 11/27/2002Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2002 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI).All rights reserved.The
3、se materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council(ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reprodu
4、ced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaISO/IEC 13235-1:1998(E) ISO/IEC 1998All rights re
5、served. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced orutilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and micro-film, without permission in writing from the publisher.ISO/IEC Copyright Office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 Switze
6、rlandPrinted in SwitzerlandiiContentsPage1 Scope and field of application 12 Normative References. 13 Notations. 14 Definitions 24.1 Definitions from ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2 . 24.2 Definitions from ITU-T X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3 . 35 Overview of the ODP Trading Function. 35.1 Diversity and
7、 scalability 45.2 Linking traders. 45.3 Policy. 46 Enterprise specification of the Trading Function 56.1 Communities 56.2 Roles 56.3 Activities . 66.4 Policies 66.5 Structuring rules 67 Information specification of the Trading Function . 77.1 Overview . 77.2 Basic concepts . 87.3 Invariant schema 12
8、7.4 Static schema. 137.5 Dynamic schemata. 138 Computational specification of the Trading Function. 218.1 Viewpoint correspondences. 228.2 Concepts and data types 228.3 Exceptions . 358.4 Abstract interfaces. 378.5 Functional interfaces 398.6 Dynamic Property Evaluation interface. 558.7 Trader objec
9、t template. 569 Conformance statements and reference points 589.1 Conformance requirement for trading function interfaces as server 599.2 Conformance requirements for query trader conformance class 609.3 Conformance requirements for simple trader conformance class 60 ISO/IECISO/IEC 13235-1:1998(E)ii
10、i9.4 Conformance requirements for stand-alone trader conformance class 609.5 Conformance requirements for linked trader conformance class 619.6 Conformance requirements for proxy trader conformance class. 619.7 Conformance requirements for full-service trader conformance class 619.8 Conformance test
11、s. 61Annex A ODP-IDL based specification of the Trading Function 62A.1 Introduction. 62A.2 ODP Trading Function module. 62A.3 Dynamic Property module 69Annex B ODP Trading Function Constraint Language BNF 71B.1 Introduction. 71B.2 Language basics 71B.3 The constraint language BNF 72Annex C ODP Tradi
12、ng Function constraint recipe language. 75C.1 Introduction. 75C.2 The recipe syntax 75C.3 Example 75Annex D Service type repository. 76D.1 Introduction. 76D.2 Service type repository 76ISO/IEC 13235-1:1998(E) ISO/IECivForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the Inte
13、rnational Electrotechnical Commission) form thespecialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in thedevelopment of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal withparticular fiel
14、ds of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Otherinternational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joi
15、nt technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. DraftInternational Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as anInternational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.International Standard ISO/IEC 1
16、3235-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,Subcommittee SC 33, Distributed application services, in collaboration with ITU-T. The identical text is published as ITU-TRecommendation X.950.ISO/IEC 13235 consists of the following parts, under the general titl
17、e Information technology Open DistributedProcessing Trading function: Part 1: Specification Part 2: (TBD) Part 3: Provision of trading function using OSI Directory serviceAnnexes A to D form an integral part of this part of ISO/IEC 13235. ISO/IECISO/IEC 13235-1:1998(E)vIntroductionThe rapid growth o
18、f distributed processing has lead to a need for a coordinating framework for the standardization of OpenDistributed Processing (ODP). The Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) provides such a framework. Itdefines an architecture within which support of distribution, interoperabilit
19、y and portability can be integrated.One of the components of the architecture (described in RM-ODP Part 3: Architecture) (ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3)is the ODP Trading function. The trading function provides the means to offer a service and the means to discover services thathave been offere
20、d. This Recommendation | International Standard provides an architecture for systems implementing thetrading function and the specification of interfaces within the architecture.NOTE The specification of computational interfaces in this Recommendation | International Standard is technically aligned
21、with theOMG Trading Object Service.The goals of this Recommendation | International Standard are: to provide a standard which is independent of any implementation; to ensure implementations are capable of being made to interoperate (i.e. can be federated); to provide sufficient detail to allow confo
22、rmance claims to be assessed.Annex A is a normative ODP-IDL specification of the trading function interface signatures.Annex B is a normative specification of the ODP trading function constraint language.Annex C is a normative specification of the ODP trading function constraint recipe language.Anne
23、x D is an informative description of a Service Type Repository.ISO/IEC 13235-1:1998(E)ITU-T Rec. X.950 (1997 E) 1INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC 13235-1 : 1997 (E)ITU-T Rec. X.950 (1997 E)ITU-T RECOMMENDATIONINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TRADING FUNCTION: SPECIFICATION1 Scope and
24、field of applicationThe scope of this Recommendation | International Standard is: an enterprise specification for the trading function; an information specification for the trading function; a computational specification for traders (i.e. objects providing the trading function); conformance requirem
25、ents in terms of conformance points.It is not a goal of this Recommendation | International Standard to state how the trading function should be realized. Thereforethis Recommendation | International Standard does not include an engineering specification.The field of application for this Recommendat
26、ion | Intenational Standard is any ODP system in which it is required to introduceand discover services incrementally, dynamically and openly.2 Normative ReferencesThe following Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, trough reference in this text, constituteprovisions
27、of this Recommendation | International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. AllRecommendations and Standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Recommendation |International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of ap
28、plying the most recent edition of the Recommendationsand Standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. TheTelecommunication Standardization Bureau of the ITU maintains a list of currently valid ITU-T Recommendations. ITU-T Recommendatio
29、n X.901 (1997) | ISO/IEC 10746-1:1998, Information technology Open distributedprocessing Reference Model: Overview. ITU-T Recommendation X.902 (1995) | ISO/IEC 10746-2:1996, Information technology Open DistributedProcessing Reference Model: Foundations. ITU-T Recommendation X.903 (1995) | ISO/IEC 10
30、746-3:1996, Information technology Open DistributedProcessing Reference Model: Architecture. ITU-T Recommendation X.920 (1997) | ISO/IEC 14750:1998, Information technology Open DistributedProcessing Interface Definition Language. ISO/IEC 135681), Information technology The Z Specification Language.3
31、 NotationsThe information specification of the trading function is described using the Z formal description language. The signature of thecomputational interface for the trading function is described using ODP Interface Definition Language, in clause 8 and inAnnex A.ISO/IEC 13235-1:1998(E)2 ITU-T Re
32、c. X.950 (1997 E)4 Definitions4.1 Definitions from ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2This Specification is based on the framework of abstractions and concepts developed in RM-ODP and makes use of thefollowing definitions from RM-ODP Part 2: Foundations (see ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2).a) act
33、ion;b) activity;c) behaviour;d) behavioural compatibility;e) binding;f) client object;g) conformance point;h) contract;i) domain;j) establishing behaviour;k) failure;l) identifier;m) initiating object;n) instance;o) interaction;p) interface;q) interface signature;r) name;s) object;t) obligation;u) O
34、DP system;v) permission;w) policy;x) prohibition;y) quality of service;z) reference point;aa) responding object;bb) role;cc) server object;dd) subtype;ee) supertype;ff) template;gg) template type;hh) trading;ii) transparency;jj) type;kk) viewpoint.ISO/IEC 13235-1:1998(E)ITU-T Rec. X.950 (1997 E) 34.
35、2 Definitions from ITU-T X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3This Specification is based on the framework of abstractions and concepts developed in RM-ODP and makes use of thefollowing definitions from RM-ODP Part 3: Architecture (see ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3).a) community;b) computational interface te
36、mplate;c) computational viewpoint;d) dynamic schema;e) engineering viewpoint;f) enterprise viewpoint;g) exporter;h) information viewpoint;i) invariant schema;j) schema;k) service export;l) service import;m) service offer;n) static schema;o) technology viewpoint;p) federation.5 Overview of the ODP Tr
37、ading FunctionIn the context of the ODP goal of providing distribution transparent utilization of services over heterogeneous platforms andnetworks, the role of the Trading Function is to allow users to find potential services. It is a corollary of distribution that thefinding of services will occur
38、 dynamically.The ODP trading function facilitates the offering and the discovery of instances of interfaces which provide services ofparticular types. A trader is an object that supports the Trading Function in a distributed environment. It can be viewed as anobject through which other objects can a
39、dvertise their capabilities and match their needs against advertised capabilities.Advertising a capability or offering a service is called “export“. Matching against needs or discovering services is called“import“. Export and import facilitate dynamic discovery of and late binding to services.To exp
40、ort, an object gives the trader a description of a service together with the location of an interface at which that service isavailable. To import, an object asks the trader for a service having certain characteristics. The trader checks against thedescriptions of services and responds to the import
41、er with the location(s) of matched service interface(s). The importer is thenable to interact with a matched service. These interactions are shown in Figure 1.T0727950-97/d01TEI123Sequence of interactions:1. Export2. Import3. Service InteractionFigure 1 Interaction between the trader and its clients
42、FIGURE 1/X.950.D01 =ISO/IEC 13235-1:1998(E)4 ITU-T Rec. X.950 (1997 E)The service interaction could be decoupled from the trading interactions (export and import) by modelling a service providerobject and a service user object explicitly. This would imply interactions between service provider and ex
43、porter and betweenimporter and service user that are trading actions, as defined in ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2. However, these impliedinteractions need not conform to this Specification.Due to the sheer number of service offers that will be offered worldwide, and the differing requirements t
44、hat users of thetrading service will have, it is inevitable that the trading service will be split up and that the service offers will be partitioned.Each partition will, in the first instance, meet the trading needs of a community of clients (exporters and importers). Where aclient needs a scope fo
45、r its trading activities that is wider than that provided by one partition, it will access other partitionseither directly or indirectly. Directly means that the client interacts with the traders handling those partitions. Indirectly, meansthat the client interacts with one trader only and this trad
46、er interacts with other traders responsible for other partitions. Thelatter possibility is referred to as federation of traders. In some cases, interceptors may be required between federated traders.A user of a trader that interoperates with other traders, may associate with only one trader, and can
47、 transparently access theservice offers of other traders with which that trader can interoperate .Thus, the trading function in an ODP environment allows: objects to export (advertise) services; objects to import information about one or more exported services, according to some criteria; federation
48、 of traders.5.1 Diversity and scalabilityThe concept of trading to discover new services is one that is applicable in a wide range of scenarios. A trader may contain alarge number of offers of service and its implementation may be inclined to be based upon a database. Or, a trader may containa few o
49、ffers only and so be implementable as a memory resident trader. These two cases exhibit different qualities: availabilityand integrity in the first case and performance in the second. The variation in these scenarios illustrates the need for scalability,both upwards for very big systems and downwards for small, fast systems.To discover any arbitrary offer of service, a trader needs all offers to be, in some sense, visible to it. One partition cannot holdevery offer, many will necessarily be held at other partitions
