1、INCITS/ISO/IEC 14662:20042009 (ISO/IEC 14662:2004, IDT) Information technology Open-edi reference modelINCITS/ISO/IEC 14662:20042009(ISO/IEC 14662:2004, IDT)INCITS/ISO/IEC 14662:20042009 ii ITIC 2009 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with
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5、 American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 3/23/2009 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2009 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of Int
6、ernational Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieva
7、l system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America INCITS/ISO/IEC 14662:20042009 ITIC 2009 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Intr
8、oduction iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references .1 3 Technical normative elements .1 3.1 Definitions.1 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations .3 4 The Open-edi Reference Model4 4.1 Business operational view .6 4.2 Functional Service View .9 4.3 Open-edi Reference Model related standards . 12 4.4 Use of BOV and
9、FSV related standards . 12 5 Conformance Statement 13 Annex A (informative) Standardization areas and types of standardization activities for Open-edi . 14 Annex B (informative) Requirements for Open-edi standards 18 Annex C (informative) Example formal description techniques for modelling role beha
10、viour 22 Annex D (informative) An approach for detailing concepts of the FSV 28 Annex E (informative) English-French equivalents 33 Index 34 INCITS/ISO/IEC 14662:20042009 iv ITIC 2009 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Ele
11、ctrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of tech
12、nical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint techn
13、ical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to th
14、e member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for ide
15、ntifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 14662 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 32, Data management and interchange. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 14662:1997), which has been technically revised. IN
16、CITS/ISO/IEC 14662:20042009 ITIC 2009 All rights reserved v Introduction The economic advantages of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) are widely recognized. However, the cost of setting up an EDI relationship has been very high due to the need for a detailed bilateral business and technical agreemen
17、t between the involved business partners. The initial high cost of establishing such an agreement does not justify short term partnerships. It has also been found that implementations involving the management of a large number of partners and their associated agreements are not productive. Consequen
18、tly, most EDI implementations have been successful only: in long term partnerships; between a limited number of partners. Open-edi lowers these barriers by introducing standard business scenarios and the necessary services to support them. Once a business scenario is agreed upon, and the implementat
19、ions conform to the Open-edi standards, there is no need for prior agreement among trading partners, other than the decision to engage in the Open-edi transaction in compliance with the business scenario. Since Open-edi takes a generic approach, it enables organizations to establish short term relat
20、ionships quickly and cost effectively. Business scenarios and the necessary supporting services will be available to all who wish to use them, thus providing the necessary means for implementing Open-edi. The field of application of Open-edi is the electronic processing of business transactions amon
21、g autonomous multiple organizations, authorities or individuals within and across sectors ( e.g., public/private, industrial, geographic). It includes business transactions which involve multiple data types such as numbers, characters, images and sound. The Open-edi Reference Model has been develope
22、d primarily in order to provide standards required for the inter-working of organizations, through interconnected information technology systems. This model is independent of specific: information technology implementations; business content or conventions; business activities; parties participating
23、 in business activities. The Open-edi Reference Model identifies the required standards for Open-edi and provides a reference for those standards by defining the basic concepts used to develop them. It serves as the basis for co-ordination of work between the different agencies involved in EDI stand
24、ardization. It provides the framework for this co-ordination and for the integration of existing and emerging standards and the development of future standards. The Open-edi Reference Model places existing electronic business standards in perspective. Some of Open-edi standardization areas and types
25、 of standardization activities are presented in Annex A and some of the requirements for Open-edi standards in Annex B. The Open-edi Reference Model uses two views to describe the relevant aspects of business transactions: the Business Operational View (BOV); the Functional Service View (FSV). INCIT
26、S/ISO/IEC 14662:20042009 vi ITIC 2009 All rights reserved The BOV, addresses the aspects of a) the semantics of business data in business transactions and associated data interchanges; b) the rules for business transactions, including: operational conventions; agreements; mutual obligations, which a
27、pply to the business needs of Open-edi. The FSV addresses the supporting services meeting the mechanistic needs of Open-edi. It focuses on the Information Technology aspects of: a) functional capabilities; b) service interfaces; c) protocols. Such functional capabilities, services interfaces and pro
28、tocols include: capability of initiating, operating and tracking the progress of Open-edi transactions; user application interface; transfer infrastructure interface; security mechanism handling; protocols for inter working of information technology systems of different organizations; translation me
29、chanisms. 0.1 The co-ordination needs of the Open-edi Reference Model Standards required for Open-edi cover a large spectrum of areas including but not limited to: business aspects; support for national and international law and regulation; information technology generic standards, such as informati
30、on modelling standards; software engineering standards; data modelling standards; information technology standards specific to one sector; interconnection standards, such as message handling, file transfer, transaction processing, network management; security standards. INCITS/ISO/IEC 14662:20042009
31、 ITIC 2009 All rights reserved vii Development of standards for electronic business is already taking place in several standardization bodies and industry groups. The co-ordination of standards development is essential in order to: avoid duplication of effort; ensure interoperability of standard con
32、forming solutions; ensure technical consistency of standards; identify and remedy deficiencies and voids in standards; identify and eliminate redundancies and overlaps in standards. Annex A describes how the Open-edi Reference Model can serve as the basis for co-ordination of work of the different a
33、gencies involved in standardization of electronic business. 0.2 The technical requirements of the Open-edi Reference Model Each view of the Open-edi Reference Model corresponds to a class of necessary standards. One class of standards, associated with the BOV in the Open-edi Reference Model, address
34、es the business issues of Open-edi. Another class of standards, associated with the FSV in the Open-edi Reference Model addresses Information Technology (IT) issues. Each class of standards requires a specific type of expertise needed for their development. By separating the business user aspects of
35、 Open-edi from the IT aspects, the Open-edi Reference Model and its associated standards provide flexibility in accommodating changes in IT and user demands without impacting the Open-edi standards related to the business user aspects of Open-edi. Methods of implementing the standards which comply w
36、ith this framework are not constrained by the model. Therefore interworking among Open-edi systems will be guaranteed while preserving flexibility in implementation. The implementations of Open-edi will require the co-operation among different types of experts, primarily business users aided by info
37、rmation analysts and IT specialists including telecommunications experts. In order to support an Open-edi activity, models must be developed which consider aspects of both the external and internal behaviour of Open-edi Parties. The boundary between the external and internal behaviour will vary amon
38、g Open-edi Parties depending on how the implementation has been carried out. The models to be developed must consequently take into consideration those aspects which are necessary to ensure interoperability. Only the external behaviour of Open-edi Parties affects the interoperability of Open-edi sys
39、tems. The description of the internal behaviour of Open-edi systems is provided in the model only to support the definition and exposition of the interoperability aspects, and to offer insight to the definitions of the external interfaces required. 0.3 Use of “Person”, “person”, and “party” in the c
40、ontext of business transactions and commitment exchange When the ISO/IEC 14662 Open-edi Reference Model standard was first developed, the “Internet” and “WWW” were in their embryonic stage and their impact on private and public sector organizations was not fully understood. Consequently, in the Firs
41、t Edition (1997), the Business Operational View (BOV) was initially defined as: “a perspective of business transactions limited to those aspects regarding the making of business decisions and commitments among organizations which are needed for the description of a business transaction”. The 1984 IS
42、O/IEC 6523 standard definition of “organization” was used in in the first edition of ISO/IEC 14662. This was changed in 1998 and ISO/IEC 6523 became a two-part standard. The fact that today Open-edi through the Internet and WWW also involves “individuals” has been taken into account in the revision
43、of this standard. Further, ISO/IEC 14662 did not define “commitment”, nor the discrete properties and behaviors an INCITS/ISO/IEC 14662:20042009 viii ITIC 2009 All rights reserved entity must have to be capable of making a “commitment” as well as bridging legal and IT perspectives in the demateriali
44、zed world of the Internet. During the development of ISO/IEC 15994-1 the term “commitment” was defined. At the same time it was recognized that in order to be able to make a commitment, the term Open-edi Party was not specific enough to satisfy scenario specifications when the legal aspects of commi
45、tment were considered. In many instances commitments were noted as being actually made between and among machines (automata or computer programs) acting under the direction of those legally capable of making commitment, rather than the individuals in their own capacities. It was also recognized that
46、 in some jurisdictions commitment could be made by artificial persons such as corporate bodies. To address these extended requirements an additional term: Person, was created. The construct of Person has been defined in such a way that it is capable of having the potential legal and regulatory const
47、raints applied to it. The reader should understand that: the use of the Person with a capital “P” represents Person as a defined term, i.e., as the entity within an Open-edi Party that carries the legal responsibility for making commitment(s); “individual”, “organization” and “public administration”
48、 represent the three common subtypes of “Person”. Definitions for these terms and their use are found in ISO/IEC 15944-1. The words “person(s)” and/or “party(ies)” are used in their generic contexts in this standard. A “party to a business transaction” has the properties and behaviours of a “Person”
49、. See further ISO/IEC 15944-1, Clause 6, and in particular 6.1.3 and 6.2. 0.4 Electronic business and Open-edi: areas of activity and participation The following tables illustrate the general context within which electronic business activities take place. Table 1 presents the areas of activity; Table 2, the types of bodies which should fulfil those areas of activity; Table 3 identifies typical actors at the time of this International Standard. It is expected that working docum
