1、INCITS/ISO/IEC 15444-1-2004 (ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004, IDT) Information technology JPEG 2000 image coding system: Core coding systemINCITS/ISO/IEC 15444-1-2004 (ISO/IEC 15444-1-2004, IDT)Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction
2、 or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO/IEC 15444-1-2004 ii ITIC 2005 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces
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5、nt that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 11/29/2005Published by American National Standards In
6、stitute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2005 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American
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8、 submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO/IEC 15444-1-2004
9、ITIC 2005 All rights reserved iiiCONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards 1 2.2 Additional references 1 3 Definitions 2 4 Abbreviations and symbols 6 4.1 Abbreviations 6 4.2 Symbols. 7 5 General description. 8 5.1 Purpose 8 5.2 Codestream 8 5.3 C
10、oding principles 8 6 Encoder requirements. 10 7 Decoder requirements. 10 7.1 Codestream syntax requirements. 10 7.2 Optional file format requirements . 11 8 Implementation requirements. 11 Annex A Codestream syntax 12 A.1 Markers, marker segments, and headers . 12 A.2 Information in the marker segme
11、nts 14 A.3 Construction of the codestream. 15 A.4 Delimiting markers and marker segments. 19 A.5 Fixed information marker segment . 20 A.6 Functional marker segments 22 A.7 Pointer marker segments . 32 A.8 In-bit-stream marker and marker segments. 38 A.9 Informational marker segments. 39 A.10 Codest
12、ream restrictions conforming to this Recommendation | International Standard . 40 Annex B Image and compressed image data ordering 42 B.1 Introduction to image data structure concepts. 42 B.2 Component mapping to the reference grid 42 B.3 Image area division into tiles and tile-components . 44 B.4 E
13、xample of the mapping of components to the reference grid (informative) 45 B.5 Transformed tile-component division into resolution levels and sub-bands . 48 B.6 Division of resolution levels into precincts. 49 B.7 Division of the sub-bands into code-blocks 50 B.8 Layers 51 B.9 Packets 52 B.10 Packet
14、 header information coding. 54 B.11 Tile and tile-parts 59 B.12 Progression order 59 Annex C Arithmetic entropy coding. 64 C.1 Binary encoding (informative) 64 C.2 Description of the arithmetic encoder (informative) . 65 C.3 Arithmetic decoding procedure. 76 Copyright American National Standards Ins
15、titute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but sh
16、all not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area
17、. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by
18、 ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, ele
19、ctronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso
20、.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ITIC 2005 All rights reservedCopyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO/IEC 15444-1-2004 ITIC 2005 All rights re
21、served vPage Annex K Bibliography 186 K.1 General 186 K.2 Quantization and entropy coding 186 K.3 Wavelet transformation. 186 K.4 Region of interest coding 187 K.5 Visual frequency weighting 187 K.6 Error resilience 187 K.7 Scan-based coding. 188 K.8 Colour . 188 Annex L Patent statement. 189 Index
22、190 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO/IEC 15444-1-2004 vi ITIC 2005 All rights reservedLIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 5-1 Specification block diagram 9 Fig
23、ure A.1 Example of the marker segment description figures. 13 Figure A.2 Construction of the codestream 16 Figure A.3 Construction of the main header. 17 Figure A.4 Construction of the first tile-part header of a given tile 18 Figure A.5 Construction of a non-first tile-part header. 18 Figure A.6 St
24、art of tile-part syntax . 19 Figure A.7 Image and tile size syntax. 21 Figure A.8 Coding style default syntax 23 Figure A.9 Coding style parameter diagram of the SGcod and SPcod parameters. 24 Figure A.10 Coding style component syntax 26 Figure A.11 Coding style parameter diagram of the SPcoc parame
25、ters . 27 Figure A.12 Region-of-interest syntax . 27 Figure A.13 Quantization default syntax 28 Figure A.14 Quantization component syntax . 30 Figure A.15 Progression order change tile syntax 31 Figure A.16 Tile-part lengths 32 Figure A.17 Tile part length syntax 33 Figure A.18 Packets length, main
26、header syntax 34 Figure A.19 Packet length, tile-part header syntax. 35 Figure A.20 Packed packet headers, main header syntax . 36 Figure A.21 Packed packed headers, tile-part header syntax 37 Figure A.22 Start of packet syntax . 38 Figure A.23 Component registration syntax. 39 Figure A.24 Comment s
27、yntax. 40 Figure B.1 Reference grid diagram. 43 Figure B.2 Component sample locations on the reference grid for different XRsiz and YRsiz values 43 Figure B.3 Example of upper left component sample locations . 44 Figure B.4 Tiling of the reference grid diagram . 44 Figure B.5 Reference grid example
28、46 Figure B.6 Example tile sizes and locations for component 0 47 Figure B.7 Example tile sizes and locations for component 1 48 Figure B.8 Precincts of one reduced resolution 49 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or
29、networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO/IEC 15444-1-2004 ITIC 2005 All rights reserved viiPage Figure B.9 Code-blocks and precincts in sub-band b from four different tiles. 51 Figure B.10 Diagram of precincts of one resolution level of one component 52 Figure B.11 Diagram of cod
30、e-blocks within precincts at one resolution level . 53 Figure B.12 Example of a tag tree representation. 54 Figure B.13 Example of the information known to the encoder. 57 Figure B.14 Example of progression order volume in two dimensions 62 Figure B.15 Example of the placement of POC marker segments
31、 63 Figure C.1 Arithmetic encoder inputs and outputs . 64 Figure C.2 Encoder for the MQ-coder 66 Figure C.3 ENCODE procedure . 67 Figure C.4 CODE1 procedure 67 Figure C.5 CODE0 procedure 68 Figure C.6 CODELPS procedure with conditional MPS/LPS exchange 69 Figure C.7 CODEMPS procedure with conditiona
32、l MPS/LPS exchange. 71 Figure C.8 Encoder renormalization procedure 72 Figure C.9 BYTEOUT procedure for encoder 73 Figure C.10 Initialization of the encoder 74 Figure C.11 FLUSH procedure. 75 Figure C.12 Setting the final bits in the C register 76 Figure C.13 Arithmetic decoder inputs and outputs .
33、76 Figure C.14 Decoder for the MQ-coder 77 Figure C.15 Decoding an MPS or an LPS 78 Figure C.16 Decoder MPS path conditional exchange procedure 79 Figure C.17 Decoder LPS path conditional exchange procedure . 80 Figure C.18 Decoder renormalization procedure 81 Figure C.19 BYTEIN procedure for decode
34、r 82 Figure C.20 Initialization of the decoder 83 Figure D.1 Example scan pattern of a code-block bit-plane. 84 Figure D.2 Neighbors states used to form the context 85 Figure D.3 Flow chart for all coding passes on a code-block bit-plane 93 Figure F.1 Inputs and outputs of the IDWT procedure. 98 Fig
35、ure F.2 The IDWT (NL= 2). 99 Figure F.3 The IDWT procedure 100 Figure F.4 Inputs and outputs of the 2D_SR procedure 100 Figure F.5 One level of reconstruction from four sub-bands (2D_SR procedure) into sub-bands . 100 Figure F.6 The 2D_SR procedure. 101 Figure F.7 Parameters of 2D_INTERLEAVE procedu
36、re . 101 Figure F.8 The 2D_INTERLEAVE procedure. 102 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO/IEC 15444-1-2004 viii ITIC 2005 All rights reservedPage Figure F.
37、9 Inputs and outputs of the HOR_SR procedure 103 Figure F.10 The HOR_SR procedure . 104 Figure F.11 Inputs and outputs of the VER_SR procedure 105 Figure F.12 The VER_SR procedure 105 Figure F.13 Parameters of the 1D_SR procedure . 106 Figure F.14 The 1D_SR procedure. 106 Figure F.15 Periodic symmet
38、ric extension of signal. 106 Figure F.16 Parameters of the ID_FILTR procedure 107 Figure F.17 Inputs and outputs of the FDWT procedure 110 Figure F.18 The FDWT (NL= 2) 110 Figure F.19 The FDWT procedure . 111 Figure F.20 Inputs and outputs of the 2D_SD procedure . 111 Figure F.21 One-level decomposi
39、tion into four sub-bands (2D_SD procedure) 112 Figure F.22 The 2D_SD procedure. 112 Figure F.23 Inputs and outputs of the VER_SD procedure 112 Figure F.24 The VER_SD procedure 113 Figure F.25 Inputs and outputs of the HOR_SD procedure 114 Figure F.26 The HOR_SD procedure . 114 Figure F.27 Parameters
40、 of 2D_DEINTERLEAVE procedure 115 Figure F.28 The 2D_DEINTERLEAVE procedure 116 Figure F.29 Parameters of the 1D_SD procedure. 117 Figure F.30 The 1D_SD procedure. 117 Figure F.31 Parameters of the 1D_FILTD procedure. 118 Figure G.1 Placement of the DC level shifting with component transformation 12
41、0 Figure G.2 Placement of the DC level shifting without component transformation. 120 Figure H.1 The inverse wavelet transformation with the 5-3 reversible filter 125 Figure H.2 The inverse wavelet transformation with the 9-7 irreversible filter 125 Figure I.1 Conceptual structure of a JP2 file 128
42、Figure I.2 Example of the box description figures 131 Figure I.3 Example of the superbox description figures. 131 Figure I.4 Organization of a box. 131 Figure I.5 Illustration of box lengths 132 Figure I.6 Organization of the contents of a File Type box 134 Figure I.7 Organization of the contents of
43、 a JP2 Header box . 135 Figure I.8 Organization of the contents of an Image Header box. 136 Figure I.9 Organization of the contents of a Bits Per Component box . 137 Figure I.10 Organization of the contents of a Colour Specification box 138 Figure I.11 Organization of the contents of the Palette box
44、 . 140 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO/IEC 15444-1-2004 ITIC 2005 All rights reserved ixPage Figure I.12 Organization of the contents of a Component M
45、apping box 141 Figure I.13 Organization of the contents of a Channel Definition box. 142 Figure I.14 Organization of the contents of the Resolution box . 145 Figure I.15 Organization of the contents of the Capture Resolution box 145 Figure I.16 Organization of the contents of the Default Display Res
46、olution box. 146 Figure I.17 Organization of the contents of the Contiguous Codestream box 147 Figure I.18 Organization of the contents of the XML box . 148 Figure I.19 Organization of the contents of the UUID box 148 Figure I.20 Organization of the contents of a UUID Info box 149 Figure I.21 Organi
47、zation of the contents of a UUID List box 149 Figure I.22 Organization of the contents of a Data Entry URL box . 150 Figure J.1 Initialization of the software-conventions decoder 151 Figure J.2 Decoding an MPS or an LPS in the software-conventions decoder. 152 Figure J.3 Inserting a new byte into th
48、e C register in the software-conventions decoder. 152 Figure J.4 The FDWT_ROW procedure. 159 Figure J.5 The GET_ROW procedure 160 Figure J.6 The INIT procedure . 161 Figure J.7 The START_VERT procedure 162 Figure J.8 The RB_VERT_1 procedure 163 Figure J.9 The RB_VERT_2 procedure 164 Figure J.10 The END_1 procedure .
