1、INCITS/ISO/IEC 18028-2:20062008(ISO/IEC 18028-2:2006, IDT) Information technology Security techniques IT network security Part 3: Securing communicationsbetween networks using security gatewaysINCITS/ISO/IEC 18028-2:20062008(ISO/IEC 18028-2:2006, IDT)INCITS/ISO/IEC 18028-2:20062008 ii ITIC 2008 All
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5、en below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 7/1/2008 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2008 by Information Technology Indu
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8、 INCITS/ISO/IEC 18028-2:20062008 ITIC 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction .v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references .1 3 Terms and definitions 1 4 Abbreviations .2 5 Reference Architecture for network security 3 6 Security Dimensions 3 6.1 Access Control Security Dimension
9、4 6.2 Authentication Security Dimension .4 6.3 Non-repudiation Security Dimension 4 6.4 Data Confidentiality Security Dimension 4 6.5 Communication Flow Security Dimension 4 6.6 Data Integrity Security Dimension .4 6.7 Availability Security Dimension .4 6.8 Privacy Security Dimension .5 7 Security L
10、ayers .5 7.1 The Infrastructure Security Layer 6 7.2 The Services Security Layer 6 7.3 The Applications Security Layer 6 8 Security Planes .6 8.1 The Management Security Plane .7 8.2 The Control Security Plane 7 8.3 The End-User Security Plane .7 9 Security threats 8 10 Description of the objectives
11、 achieved by application of Security Dimensions to Security Layers .9 10.1 Infrastructure Security Layer . 11 10.2 Services Security Layer . 14 10.3 Applications Security Layer . 17 Bibliography 21 INCITS/ISO/IEC 18028-2:20062008 iv ITIC 2008 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organ
12、ization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the res
13、pective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of informa
14、tion technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft Internationa
15、l Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may b
16、e the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 18028-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee 27, IT Security techniques, in collaboration with ITU-T. This part of
17、 ISO/IEC 18028 is technically aligned with ITU Rec. X.805 but is not published as identical text. ISO/IEC 18028 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Security techniques IT network security: Part 1: Network security management Part 2: Network security archit
18、ecture Part 3: Securing communications between networks using security gateways Part 4: Securing remote access Part 5: Securing communications across networks using Virtual Private Networks INCITS/ISO/IEC 18028-2:20062008 ITIC 2008 All rights reserved v Introduction The telecommunications and inform
19、ation technology industries are seeking cost-effective comprehensive security solutions. A secure network should be protected against malicious and inadvertent attacks, and should meet the business requirements for confidentiality, integrity, availability, non-repudiation, accountability, authentici
20、ty and reliability of information and services. Securing a network is also essential for maintaining the accuracy of billing or usage information as appropriate. Security capabilities in products are crucial to overall network security (including applications and services). However, as more products
21、 are combined to provide total solutions, the interoperability, or the lack thereof, will define the success of the solution. Security must not only be a thread of concern for each product or service, but must be developed in a manner that promotes the interweaving of security capabilities in the ov
22、erall end-to-end security solution. Thus, the purpose of ISO/IEC 18028 is to provide detailed guidance on the security aspects of the management, operation and use of IT networks, and their inter-connections. Those individuals within an organization that are responsible for IT security in general, a
23、nd IT network security in particular, should be able to adapt the material in ISO/IEC 18028 to meet their specific requirements. Its main objectives are as follows: in ISO/IEC 18028-1, to define and describe the concepts associated with, and provide management guidance on, network security including
24、 on how to identify and analyse the communications related factors to be taken into account to establish network security requirements, with an introduction to the possible control areas and the specific technical areas (dealt with in subsequent parts of ISO/IEC 18028); in ISO/IEC 18028-2, to define
25、 a standard security architecture, which describes a consistent framework to support the planning, design and implementation of network security; in ISO/IEC 18028-3, to define techniques for securing information flows between networks using security gateways; in ISO/IEC 18028-4, to define techniques
26、 for securing remote access; in ISO/IEC 18028-5, to define techniques for securing inter-network connections that are established using virtual private networks (VPN). ISO/IEC 18028-1 is relevant to anyone involved in owning, operating or using a network. This includes senior managers and other non-
27、technical managers or users, in addition to managers and administrators who have specific responsibilities for Information Security (IS) and/or network security, network operation, or who are responsible for an organizations overall security programme and security policy development. ISO/IEC 18028-2
28、 is relevant to all personnel who are involved in the planning, design and implementation of the architectural aspects of network security (for example IT network managers, administrators, engineers, and IT network security officers). ISO/IEC 18028-3 is relevant to all personnel who are involved in
29、the detailed planning, design and implementation of security gateways (for example IT network managers, administrators, engineers and IT network security officers). ISO/IEC 18028-4 is relevant to all personnel who are involved in the detailed planning, design and implementation of remote access secu
30、rity (for example IT network managers, administrators, engineers, and IT network security officers). ISO/IEC 18028-5 is relevant to all personnel who are involved in the detailed planning, design and implementation of VPN security (for example IT network managers, administrators, engineers, and IT n
31、etwork security officers). AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INCITS/ISO/IEC 18028-2:20062008 ITIC 2008 All rights reserved 1 Information technology Security techniques IT network security Part 2: Network security architecture 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 18028 defines a network security architecture for pr
32、oviding end-to-end network security. The architecture can be applied to various kinds of networks where end-to-end security is a concern and independently of the networks underlying technology. The objective of this part of ISO/IEC 18028 is to serve as a foundation for developing the detailed recomm
33、endations for the end-to-end network security. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
34、amendments) applies. ISO 7498-2:1989, Information processing systems Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model Part 2: Security Architecture CCITT Recommendation X.800 (1991), Security architecture for Open Systems Interconnection for CCITT applications 3 Terms and definitions For the purpo
35、ses of this document, the following terms defined in ISO 7498-2:1989 CCIT Rec. X.800 apply. 3.1 access control prevention of unauthorized use of a resource, including the prevention of use of a resource in an unauthorized manner 3.2 data origin authentication corroboration that the source of data re
36、ceived is as claimed 3.3 peer-entity authentication corroboration that a peer entity in an association is the one claimed 3.4 availability property of being accessible and useable upon demand by an authorized entity INCITS/ISO/IEC 18028-2:20062008 2 ITIC 2008 All rights reserved 3.5 confidentiality
37、property that information is not made available or disclosed to unauthorized individuals, entities, or processes 3.6 data integrity property that data has not been altered or destroyed in an unauthorized manner 3.7 non-repudiation with proof of origin security service in which the recipient of data
38、is provided with proof of the origin of data NOTE 1 This will protect against any attempt by the sender to falsely deny sending the data or its contents. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 7498-2 CCIT Rec. X.800. 3.8 non-repudiation with proof of delivery security service in which the sender of data is provide
39、d with proof of delivery of data NOTE 1 This will protect against any subsequent attempt by the recipient to falsely deny receiving the data or its contents. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 7498-2 CCIT Rec. X.800. 3.9 privacy right of individuals to control or influence what information related to them may
40、be collected and stored and by whom and to whom that information may be disclosed 4 Abbreviations ASP Application Service Provider ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DS-3 Digital Signal level 3 IPsec IP Security protocol MD5 Message Digest Version 5 OAM proof of
41、data origin, proof of ownership, proof of resource use). It helps to ensure the availability of evidence that can be presented to a third party as technical proof that some kind of event or action has taken place. Note, however, that non-repudiation provided by technical means does not lead to a nec
42、essary conclusion of law. Cryptographic methods are often used for providing non-repudiation. 6.4 Data Confidentiality Security Dimension The Data Confidentiality Security Dimension protects data from unauthorized disclosure. Encryption is a method often used to ensure data confidentiality. Access c
43、ontrol lists, and file permissions are methods that help to keep data confidential. 6.5 Communication Flow Security Dimension The Communication Flow Security Dimension ensures that information flows only between the authorized end points (the information is not diverted or intercepted as it flows be
44、tween these end points). Security mechanisms of Communication Flow Security Dimension do not protect against modification/corruption; this is a function of Data Integrity. MPLS tunnels, VLANs, and VPNs are examples of technologies that can provide communication flow security. 6.6 Data Integrity Secu
45、rity Dimension The Data Integrity Security Dimension ensures the correctness or accuracy (i.e., data are only processed by authorized processes or actions of authorized people or devices) of data. The data is protected against unauthorized modification, deletion, creation, and replication and provid
46、es an indication of these unauthorized activities. Hashed Message Authentication Code methods (e.g. MD5, SHA-1) often used for ensuring data integrity. 6.7 Availability Security Dimension The Availability Security Dimension ensures that there is no denial of authorized access to network elements, st
47、ored information, information flows, services and applications due to events impacting the network. Disaster recovery solutions are included in this category. INCITS/ISO/IEC 18028-2:20062008 ITIC 2008 All rights reserved 5 6.8 Privacy Security Dimension The Privacy Security Dimension provides for th
48、e protection of any information (identity of a party to communications or any data including packet headers pertaining to any activity carried by this party) that might be derived from the observation of network activities. Examples of this information include web-sites that a user has visited, a us
49、ers geographic location, and the IP addresses and DNS names of devices in a Service Provider network. Network Address Translation (NAT) and application proxies are examples of the techniques that can be used for privacy protection. Depending on the respective national privacy and data protection legislations and regulations, this Privacy Security Dimension should also provide the appropriate protection structure and controls for collection, processing and dissemination of personal informatio
