1、INCITS/ISO/IEC 18050:20062008 (ISO/IEC 18050:2006, IDT) Information technology Office equipment Print qualityattributes for machine readableDigital Postage MarksINCITS/ISO/IEC 18050:20062008(ISO/IEC 18050:2006, IDT)Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with AN
2、SI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO/IEC 18050:20062008 ii ITIC 2008 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall n
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5、member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 6/18/2008 Published
6、 by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2008 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotec
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9、S-,-,-Contents Page Foreword v Introduction. vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Symbols and abbreviations.3 5 Requirements3 6 Basic measurement methodology.4 7 Verification requirements for Digital Postage Marks.5 7.1 Verification equipment 5 7.2 Optical geometry.5 7.3
10、 Light source 6 7.4 Measuring aperture .6 7.4.1 Measuring aperture for two-dimensional multi-row symbologies .7 7.4.2 Measuring aperture for two-dimensional matrix symbologies 7 7.5 Mail format7 8 Grading implications for individual symbol attributes8 9 Additional grading parameters - quiet zone 9 1
11、0 Qualification of printing systems for Digital Postage Marks .9 Annex A (normative) Test procedure for printing systems for Digital Postage Marks. 11 A.1 Environmental conditions for test . 11 A.2 Test materials 11 A.3 Test procedure 12 Annex B (informative) Light sources and spectral response char
12、acteristics for verification of Digital Postage Marks . 13 B.1 Narrow-band illumination 13 B.2 Broad-band illumination (white light) 13 B.2.1 Halogen lamps 14 B.2.2 Light emitting diode 14 B.2.3 Gas discharge lamp 14 B.2.4 Fluorescent lamps. 15 Annex C (informative) Symbol parameters measured in acc
13、ordance with ISO/IEC 15415 . 16 C.1 Parameters for two-dimensional multi-row symbols. 16 C.2 Parameters for two-dimensional matrix symbologies. 17 Annex D (informative) Characteristics of Digital Postage Mark printing and reading environments that affect print quality 18 D.1 Printing of Digital Post
14、age Marks 18 D.1.1 Ink-jet printing . 18 D.1.2 Laser printing 18 D.1.3 Thermal transfer printing 19 D.1.4 Direct thermal printing 19 D.1.5 Matching X dimension to printer resolution 19 D.2 Reading environment 20 iiiINCITS/ISO/IEC 18050:20062008 ITIC 2008 All rights reservedCopyright American Nationa
15、l Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Annex E (informative) Possible causes of low parameter grades in the Digital Postage Mark environment 21 E.1 Multi-row symbologies21 E.1.1 Symbol Contrast2
16、1 E.1.2 Minimum reflectance .21 E.1.3 Minimum edge contrast .21 E.1.4 Modulation.21 E.1.5 Decode 22 E.1.6 Defects 22 E.1.7 Decodability.22 E.1.8 Codeword yield22 E.1.9 Unused error correction (UEC) 22 E.1.10 Quiet zone .22 E.1.11 Print growth.22 E.1.12 Codeword quality 23 E.2 Matrix symbologies.23 E
17、.2.1 Symbol Contrast23 E.2.2 Fixed pattern damage23 E.2.3 Modulation.23 E.2.4 Axial non-uniformity 23 E.2.5 Grid non-uniformity .24 E.2.6 Unused error correction 24 E.2.7 Quiet zone .24 E.2.8 Print growth.24 Bibliography 25 iv INCITS/ISO/IEC 18050:20062008 ITIC 2008 All rights reservedCopyright Amer
18、ican National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized
19、system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committee
20、s collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International St
21、andards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publica
22、tion as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
23、patent rights. ISO/IEC 18050 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 28, Office equipment. vINCITS/ISO/IEC 18050:20062008 ITIC 2008 All rights reservedCopyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not
24、for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Introduction Digital Postage Marks (or franking marks), sometimes abbreviated to DPM, are used to evidence the payment of postage and/or other fees related to services requested by mailers. Digital Postage Marks are repre
25、sented by symbols imprinted on the envelope, the label or the insert. Digital Postage Marks produced by different vendors systems are generated with a variety of symbols and graphical images. The symbologies used for these images are primarily two-dimensional bar codes of both multi-row (PDF417) and
26、 matrix types (e.g. Data Matrix), as specified in UPU standard S 28. However, postal operators may also use other symbologies, e.g. OCR or 4-state codes for these purposes. The two-dimensional bar code symbologies offer advantages for the machine-readable representation of data strings of the order
27、of 80 or more bytes in length, due to their high information density characteristics. Public postal operators and private carriers have a high interest in automatically reading and validating these marks, preferably at high speed. These symbols must be read reliably by postal processing equipment. T
28、he highest practicable read rate is desired by users of such equipment in order to ensure efficient automation of this process, and any shortfall in the read rate may have as its consequence a loss of revenue to the operator. This International Standard has been designed to customize the generic met
29、hod of measuring the print quality of two-dimensional bar code symbols to the needs of the postal application and to recommend appropriate print quality levels that should contribute to the achievement of the read rates desired by the authorities responsible for validation of the Digital Postage Mar
30、ks and by postal operators; it is also intended to provide guidelines for printing machine readable Digital Postage Marks on mail items. This International Standard will provide mailers, postal operators and their suppliers with a practical, quantitative and objective way to measure and communicate
31、to each other basic print quality parameters of machine readable Digital Postage Marks. Since all attributes do not contribute uniformly to the readability of a Digital Postage Mark, this International Standard identifies five levels of criticality for an attribute (graded 0 to 4, in ascending order
32、 of quality), and a grading scheme that assesses the overall symbol quality based on averaging the results of multiple scans. The International Standard may be used in the following ways: It allows an estimate to be made of the readability of a Digital Postage Mark without actually submitting it to
33、any postal validation and the qualification of said symbol as acceptable or not acceptable for readability purposes. It allows an estimate to be made of the quality levels potentially achievable by a printing system with particular substrates. This International Standard applies the measurement meth
34、odology defined in ISO/IEC 15415 for print quality attributes that tend to influence the readability of two-dimensional bar codes. This methodology is derived from a view of the current state-of-the-art in two-dimensional bar code scanning technologies. Yet, such a state-of-the-art is not a perfectl
35、y defined concept. First, it is likely to evolve with time towards improved recognition capabilities. Second, an automatic identification and data capture system is always the result of a compromise between recognition power and cost. This is why this International Standard is expressed in the form
36、of guidelines rather than prescriptions. However, it is not technically possible to define guidelines concerning solely the printing of Digital Postage Marks without taking into account the manufacturing of the mail item as a whole. The readability of the Digital Postage Mark is a function not only
37、of the inherent quality of printing, i.e. the interaction of the ink, substrate and printing mechanism together with the effects of the shape of the mail-piece and its transport through the printing system on the production of the mark, but also of the effects of environmental and handling factors i
38、n transit between the production point and the point at which it is to be read. For example, the symbol contrast of Digital Postage Marks is not only that provided by the printer/paper combination under defined illumination conditions. It also results from a variety It provides a tool for process co
39、ntrol in the operation of Digital Postage Mark printing systems. v i INCITS/ISO/IEC 18050:20062008 ITIC 2008 All rights reservedCopyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-o
40、f other factors among which the covering of the mail item or the material of the transparent window through which the Digital Postage Mark may be seen. As a consequence, the guidelines described in this International Standard apply to the Digital Postage Mark blocks of fully assembled mail items. It
41、 is the responsibility of the users of this International Standard to achieve compliance with the guidelines by controlling the effects of the physical elements resulting in the relevant attributes. The guidelines are primarily a tool for predicting the level of Digital Postage Mark readability with
42、 respect to current scanning technologies, and compliance with them should result in a high level of Digital Postage Mark readability. The guidelines are aimed at facilitating the relations between postal operators and customers, vendors of mail generation and printing equipment and suppliers of mai
43、l reading and sorting equipment. In particular, equipment vendors need firm and precise guidance in designing print systems and formats for machine readability. Therefore, a quantitative specification of print quality is critical to the development of products that meet the needs of mailers and post
44、al operators. vii INCITS/ISO/IEC 18050:20062008 ITIC 2008 All rights reservedCopyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright American National Standards Institute Prov
45、ided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-1Information technology Office equipment Print quality attributes for machine readable Digital Postage Marks 1 Scope This International Standard: specifies a methodology for the mea
46、surement of defined print quality attributes of Digital Postage Marks in the form of two-dimensional bar code symbols on mail-pieces, defines methods for grading the results of these measurements and deriving an overall symbol quality grade as a guide to estimating the readability of the Digital Pos
47、tage Marks, provides guidelines for printing and gives information on possible causes of deviation from high grades to assist users in taking appropriate corrective action, defines a test procedure for the assessment of printing systems for the production of Digital Postage Marks. These provisions a
48、pply to the Digital Postage Mark blocks as they appear on fully produced mail items when remitted to postal operators, including the characteristics resulting from operations other than printing per se that affect their appearance to a mail processing system (covering, inserts into transparent window envelopes, affixed Digital Postage Mark labels). This International Standard does not define the qualification tests or sampling requirements necessary to determine the practical feasibility of any specific read rate. 2 Normative references print quality test specification Two-dimensional
