1、 INCITS/ISO/IEC 19778-2:20082010 (ISO/IEC 19778-2:2008, IDT) Information technology - Learning, education and training - Collaborative technology - Collaborative workplace - Part 2: Collaborative environment data model Reaffirmed as INCITS/ISO/IEC 19778-2:2008 R2015INCITS/ISO/IEC 19778-2:20082010 PD
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5、by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 11/18/2010 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2010 by Information Technology Industry Council (IT
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8、 2010 All rights reserved ISO/IEC 19778-2:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 1.1 Statement of scope1 1.2 Subjects and aspects not currently addressed1 1.3 Excluded subjects and aspects .1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions .2
9、4 Abbreviations and acronyms .2 5 Collaborative environment Data Model .2 5.1 Data Model representation2 5.2 Collaborative environment Data Model diagram 2 5.3 Collaborative environment Data Model specification3 5.4 Supplementing information for DMEs of the CE DM8 5.4.1 AE CE_General.8 5.4.2 DE CE_N
10、ame 8 5.4.3 DE CE_Description 8 5.4.4 AE CE_ID 8 5.4.5 DE CE_ID_source.9 5.4.6 DE CE_ID_value .9 5.4.7 AE CW_ID-Ref 9 5.4.8 DE CW_ID-Ref_source 10 5.4.9 DE CW_ID-Ref_value .10 5.4.10 AE CE_Tools 10 5.4.11 DE CE_Tools_spec_source 10 5.4.12 AE CE_Tool 10 5.4.13 DE CE_Tool_name.11 5.4.14 DE CE_Tool_des
11、cription.11 5.4.15 AE CE_Functions.11 5.4.16 DE CE_Functions_spec_source.11 5.4.17 AE CE_Function.11 5.4.18 DE CE_Function_name .11 5.4.19 DE CE_Function_description .11 6 Conformance12 Annex A (informative) Alphabetical list of terms .13 Annex B (informative) Examples for collaborative functions.14
12、 Bibliography 20 ISO/IEC 19778-2:2008(E) iv ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or
13、IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, go
14、vernmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives,
15、 Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the natio
16、nal bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 19778-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC
17、JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 36, Information technology for learning, education and training. ISO/IEC 19778 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Learning, education and training Collaborative technology Collaborative workplace: Part 1: Col
18、laborative workplace data model Part 2: Collaborative environment data model Part 3: Collaborative group data model ISO/IEC 19778-2:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved vIntroduction ISO/IEC 19778 provides Data Models for specifying collaborative workplaces and their components. ISO/IEC 19778-1
19、provides general information for all parts, and specifies a Data Model which, by reference, composes the Data Model instantiations of the two main components of a collaborative workplace: the collaborative environment and the collaborative group. This part of ISO/IEC 19778 provides the Data Model fo
20、r the collaborative environment and specifies information related to the service aspects of a collaborative workplace. ISO/IEC 19778-3 provides the Data Model for the collaborative group and specifies information related to the roles and the membership of a collaborative workplace. The main accompli
21、shment of this part of ISO/IEC 19778 is to specify the composition of the collaborative tools which are integrated in the collaborative service(s) of a collaborative workplace. As collaborative tools frequently provide several collaborative functions, these collaborative functions are also identifie
22、d in the collaborative environment Data Model. The purpose of this part of ISO/IEC 19778 is: to provide a standardized way of defining and instantiating, as an independent entity, the service(s) and associated entities of a collaborative workplace (this is done by associating these services and enti
23、ties with a collaborative environment identifier unique within a particular domain or application context); and to specify the technical and infrastructural requirements of a collaborative workplace for the purpose of set-up, employment, management, administration, and evaluation of its collaborativ
24、e environment. The detailed specification of the collaborative tools and their collaborative functions is not provided in this part of ISO/IEC 19778; however, it may be linked to the collaborative environment Data Model instantiations by referring to “potential further specifications or standards“ t
25、hat are not identified and possibly do not yet even exist. (One of the intentions of this part of ISO/IEC 19778 is to encourage adopters to develop and harmonize such specifications.) Linkages to “potential further specifications or standards“ are constituted by employing a “source/value“ approach,
26、where the value (e.g. the name of a collaborative tool or collaborative function) is taken from a “source“, a specification or standard, which declares the names and specifies the details of collaborative tools or collaborative functions. The “source“ itself is specified by reference, using a URL. T
27、he intention of this “source/value“ approach is to provide a simple method for linking developing specifications or standards to the Data Model of this part of ISO/IEC 19778 without needing to identify them beforehand. This highly flexible method reflects the fact that ISO/IEC 19778-2 is a part of a
28、 multipart standard that represents prospective technology. Figure 1 illustrates how this is achieved. ISO/IEC 19778-2:2008(E) vi ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedFigure 1 Composing collaborative tools and declaring collaborative functions in this part of ISO/IEC 19778 In this part of ISO/IEC 19778,
29、“composing collaborative tools“ and “declaring their collaborative functions“ are generally performed by specifying names of collaborative tools and collaborative functions. Further information on these collaborative tools and collaborative functions may be specified in “potential further specificat
30、ions or standards“ which are not included in this part of ISO/IEC 19778. The adopters of this part of ISO/IEC 19778 may decide whether or not to use such “potential further specifications or standards“. If no “potential further specifications or standards“ are used, the names and properties of colla
31、borative tools and collaborative functions need to be consistently known in the user community. This, however, also means that the interoperability of Data Model instantiations of this kind is limited to this “harmonized“ user community. Where the need for broader interoperability exists, external “
32、specifications or standards“ are required. They would at least define a set of collaborative tools or collaborative functions, provide names for them, and describe their properties. Of course, such “specifications or standards“ could be very simple and general. However, they could be highly sophisti
33、cated and detailed as well. Where a collaborative environment Data Model instantiation makes use of such an external “specification or standard“, it references it and adopts the names for collaborative tools or collaborative functions as shown in Figure 1. Using this first edition of this part of IS
34、O/IEC 19778 provides utmost flexibility at the risk of a low level of interoperability. It allows adopters to experiment with diverse specifications for collaborative tools or collaborative functions. It is intended as a step towards broader harmonization of collaborative tools or collaborative func
35、tions with respect to their specification and naming. This expected progress in harmonization will be reflected by future editions of this part of ISO/IEC 19778, while todays users can employ this first edition instantly. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19778-2:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserve
36、d 1Information technology Learning, education and training Collaborative technology Collaborative workplace Part 2: Collaborative environment data model 1 Scope 1.1 Statement of scope This part of ISO/IEC 19778 specifies the Data Model for a collaborative environment. The collaborative environment D
37、ata Model composes collaborative tools and declares their collaborative functions by specifying their names. These names may be used as references to collaborative tools and collaborative functions specified in detail by further specifications or standards. Where no such specifications or standards
38、are available or identified, the provision of descriptions for human interpretation may support harmonized use of these names. 1.2 Subjects and aspects not currently addressed In future editions of this part of ISO/IEC 19778, extended support for adapting collaborative environments to preferences an
39、d needs of participants may be provided. Such support may be gained by prioritizing the collaborative effects (defining which collaborative effects are intended to be supported) in contrast to the collaborative tools and collaborative functions (defining by which technical provisions the intended co
40、llaborative effects are supported). 1.3 Excluded subjects and aspects Subjects and aspects not provided by this part of ISO/IEC 19778, but which it is anticipated will be provided by further specifications or standards include: the detailed specification of collaborative tools or collaborative funct
41、ions (such specification is left to further specifications or standards and means service component harmonization which is excluded from this part of ISO/IEC 19778); the detailed specification of collaborative effects (such specification is left to further specifications or standards and addresses a
42、pplication modelling which is excluded from this part of ISO/IEC 19778); the specification of methods for integrating collaborative tools or collaborative functions into services (as this affects service modelling which is excluded from this part of ISO/IEC 19778). 2 Normative references The followi
43、ng referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 19778-2:2008(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedIS
44、O/IEC 10646:2003, Information technology Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) ISO/IEC 11404:2007, Information technology General-Purpose Datatypes (GPD) ISO/IEC 19778-1:2008, Information technology Learning, education and training Collaborative technology Collaborative workplace Part 1
45、: Collaborative workplace data model 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19778-1:2008 apply. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms NOTE Some of the abbreviations or acronyms in this clause represent terms defined in Clause 3 of ISO/IEC 19778-1
46、:2008. The term numbers are provided in brackets. AE Aggregating Element (see 3.1.1) CE Collaborative Environment (see 3.2.3) CW Collaborative Workplace (see 3.2.8) DE Data Element (see 3.1.5) DM Data Model (see 3.1.7) DME Data Model Element (see 3.1.8) ID Identifier Ref Reference URI Uniform Resour
47、ce Identifier URL Uniform Resource Locator (world wide web address) XML eXtensible Markup Language XSD XML Schema Definition 5 Collaborative environment Data Model 5.1 Data Model representation The table-based Data Model representation used here corresponds to the specification provided in ISO/IEC 1
48、9778-1:2008, 5.1. 5.2 Collaborative environment Data Model diagram Figure 2 provides a relational overview for the collaborative environment Data Model as specified in this part of ISO/IEC 19778. This diagram also indicates specifications or standards which are as of yet unidentified and out of scop
49、e for this part of ISO/IEC 19778, but which may play a significant role in its implementation. ISO/IEC 19778-2:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 3The Data Model is outlined inside the large dashed box. The Root Element on top represents the basis for this Data Model and is not represented in the table representation. The indices of the branches are denoted. Figure 2 Collaborative environment Data Model and external spe
