1、 INCITS/ISO/IEC 19794-2:2011 2013 ISO/IEC 19794-2:2011 Information technology Biometric data interchange formats Part 2: Finger minutiae data INCITS/ISO/IEC 19794-2:2011 2013 PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be pri
2、nted or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no l
3、iability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file i
4、s suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI App
5、roval: 6/18/2013 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2013 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO)
6、, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permissio
7、n of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ii ITIC 2013 All rights reserved ISO/IEC 19794-2:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword vi Introduction.vii 1 S
8、cope1 2 Conformance .1 3 Normative references2 4 Terms and definitions .2 5 Abbreviated terms .3 6 Minutiae extraction3 6.1 Purpose 3 6.2 Minutia description3 6.3 Minutia type3 6.4 Minutia location .4 6.5 Minutiae direction6 6.6 Core and delta placement.7 6.7 Encoding of multibyte quantities.7 7 Fin
9、ger minutiae format types .8 7.1 Overview.8 7.2 Record format 8 7.3 On-card comparison format .8 8 Finger minutiae record format .9 8.1 Introduction9 8.2 Record organization9 8.3 General header 10 8.4 Finger minutiae representation format .11 8.5 Extended data 21 9 Finger minutiae on-card comparison
10、 format29 9.1 Purpose 29 9.2 On-card comparison format .30 9.3 Number of minutiae and truncation.30 9.4 Minutiae order32 9.5 Usage of extended data for the on-card comparison format34 10 Registered format type identifiers .36 Annex A (normative) Conformance test methodology .37 Annex B (normative) R
11、ecord format diagrams38 Annex C (informative) Example data record 41 Annex D (informative) Handling of finger minutiae card formats 45 Annex E (normative) Capture device certifications.47 Annex F (normative) Detailed description of finger minutiae location, direction, and type .71 Bibliography93 ISO
12、/IEC 19794-2:2011(E) iv ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedFigures Figure 1 Coordinate system 4 Figure 2 Location and direction of a ridge ending (encoded as valley skeleton bifurcation point) . 5 Figure 3 Location and direction of a ridge bifurcation (encoded as ridge skeleton bifurcation point) 5 Fig
13、ure 4 Location and direction of a ridge skeleton endpoint . 6 Figure 5 Example core and delta placement 8 Figure 6 Image quality layout 16 Figure 7 Example ridge count data . 23 Figure 8 Eight-minutiae neighbourhood 24 Figure 9 Four-minutiae neighbourhood. 25 Tables Table 1 Format type options . 9 T
14、able 2 General header 10 Table 3 Finger minutiae representation format. 12 Table 4 Extended data areas 15 Table 5 Capture device technology ID 16 Table 6 Identifiers for certification schemes specified in the annexes 18 Table 7 Finger position codes . 19 Table 8 Finger impression codes 19 Table 9 Qu
15、alified finger minutia pixel record format . 20 Table 10 Finger minutia pixel record format . 21 Table 11 Extended data area type codes . 22 Table 12 Ridge count extraction method codes 23 Table 13 Example ridge count data (non-specific extraction method, RCE method = 00Hex) 26 Table 14 On-card biom
16、etric comparison format 30 Table 15 DO Biometric comparison algorithm parameters. 31 Table 16 Data object for number of minutiae 32 Table 17 Data object for minutiae order 32 ISO/IEC 19794-2:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved vTable 18 Values for minutiae order indication .32 Table 19 Biometri
17、c data template 35 Table 20 Encoding of feature handling indicator .36 Table 21 Format type identifiers 36 Table E.1 Preferred capture sizes .48 Table E.2 MTF Requirement using sine wave target 50 Table E.3 CTF Requirement using bar target (nominal test frequencies) .50 Table E.4 Basic requirements5
18、5 Table E.5 CTF and MTF Requirements at nominal test frequencies 57 Table E.6 Minimum and maximum modulation66 Table E.7 Dimensions of the target structures.67 ISO/IEC 19794-2:2011(E) vi ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the In
19、ternational Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular
20、 fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have establishe
21、d a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical c
22、ommittee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC
23、shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 19794-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 19794-2:2005). It reflects
24、 the harmonization across the second generation of ISO/IEC 19794. A new Clause 7 has been added to describe the finger minutiae format types; Clause 8 contains descriptions of the harmonized general and representation headers; and Clauses 8 and 9 have been technically revised. All annexes have been
25、technically revised. Annex A is under development and will contain an amendment for conformance testing methodology for this part of ISO/IEC 19794. The former Annex B “Fingerprint Image Quality Specifications” has been removed. Annex E contains three examples of capture device certifications. Annex
26、F provides descriptions of fingerprint minutiae location, direction, and type. ISO/IEC 19794 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Biometric data interchange formats: Part 1: Framework Part 2: Finger minutiae data Part 3: Finger pattern spectral data Part 4:
27、 Finger image data Part 5: Face image data Part 6: Iris image data Part 7: Signature/sign time series data Part 8: Finger pattern skeletal data Part 9: Vascular image data Part 10: Hand geometry silhouette data Part 11: Signature/sign processed dynamic data Part 13: Voice data Part 14: DNA data ISO/
28、IEC 19794-2:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved viiIntroduction ISO/IEC 19794 is a series of International Standards being developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37 that supports interoperability and data interchange among biometric applications and systems. The ISO/IEC 19794 series specifies requiremen
29、ts that solve the complexities of applying biometrics to a wide variety of personal recognition applications, whether such applications operate in an open systems environment or consist of a single, closed system. Additional information regarding the series is provided in ISO/IEC 19794-1. In the int
30、erest of implementing interoperable biometric recognition systems, this part of ISO/IEC 19794 establishes a data interchange format for minutiae. It is relevant for systems or components dealing with generating, processing, and storing minutiae data. Representation of fingerprint data using minutiae
31、 is a widely used technique in many application areas. This part of ISO/IEC 19794 defines specifics of the extraction of key points (called minutiae) from fingerprint ridge patterns. These specifics include a description of the types of minutiae identified, the method used for the placement of minut
32、iae on an image, a definition of the coordinate system used, and the methods used to calculate the angle associated with each minutia. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19794-2:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 1Information technology Biometric data interchange formats Part 2: Finger minutiae da
33、ta 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 19794 specifies a concept and data formats for representation of fingerprints using the fundamental notion of minutiae. It is generic, in that it may be applied and used in a wide range of application areas where automated fingerprint recognition is involved. This par
34、t of ISO/IEC 19794 contains definitions of relevant terms, a description of how minutiae are to be determined, data formats for containing the data for both general use and for use with cards, and conformance information. Guidelines and values for comparing and decision parameters are provided. NOTE
35、 Although ISO/IEC 19794-4 covers both finger and palm image data, this part of ISO/IEC 19794 only covers finger minutiae and is not applicable to palms. 2 Conformance A biometric data record conforms to this part of ISO/IEC 19794 if it satisfies all of the normative requirements related to: a) its d
36、ata structure, data values and the relationships between its data elements, as specified throughout Clause 8 for the finger minutiae record format and Clause 9 for the finger minutiae on-card biometric comparison format of this part of ISO/IEC 19794; b) the relationship between its data values and t
37、he input biometric data from which the biometric data record was generated, as specified throughout Clause 8 for the finger minutiae record format and Clause 9 for the finger minutiae on-card biometric comparison format of this part of ISO/IEC 19794. A system that produces biometric data records is
38、conformant to this part of ISO/IEC 19794 if all biometric data records that it outputs conform to this part of ISO/IEC 19794 (as defined above) as claimed in the Implementation Conformance Statement (ICS) associated with that system. A system does not need to be capable of producing biometric data r
39、ecords that cover all possible aspects of this part of ISO/IEC 19794, but only those that are claimed to be supported by the system in the ICS. A system that uses biometric data records is conformant to this part of ISO/IEC 19794 if it can read, and use for the purpose intended by that system, all b
40、iometric data records that conform to this part of ISO/IEC 19794 (as defined above) as claimed in the ICS associated with that system. A system does not need to be capable of using biometric data records that cover all possible aspects of this part of ISO/IEC 19794, but only those that are claimed t
41、o be supported by the system in an ICS. ISO/IEC 19794-2:2011(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest
42、 edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 19785-3:2007, Information technology Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework Part 3: Patron format specifications ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011, Information technology Biometric data interchange formats Part 1: Framework ISO/
43、IEC 7816-11:2004, Identification cards Integrated circuit cards Part 11: Personal verification through biometric methods 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19794-1 and the following apply. 4.1 algorithm sequence of instructions that
44、tell a biometric system how to solve a particular problem NOTE An algorithm will have a finite number of steps and is typically used by the biometric engine (i.e., the biometric system software) to compute whether a biometric sample and template are the same. 4.2 end user person who interacts with a
45、 biometric system to enrol or have his/her identity checked NOTE Compare with the definition of “user” in ISO/IEC 19794-1. 4.3 live-scan print fingerprint image that is produced by scanning or imaging a live finger to generate an image of the friction ridges 4.4 population set of end users for the a
46、pplication 4.5 ridge skeleton endpoint minutia assigned to the location at which a ridge skeleton ends NOTE A ridge skeleton endpoint is defined as the ending of the skeleton of a ridge. 4.6 template/reference template data, which represents the biometric measurement of an enrollee, used by a biomet
47、ric system for comparison against subsequently submitted biometric samples NOTE This term is not restricted to mean only data used in any particular recognition method, such as template comparison. 4.7 valley bifurcation point at which a valley splits into two valleys or, alternatively, where two se
48、parate valleys combine into one ISO/IEC 19794-2:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 35 Abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 19794-1 and the following apply. BIT biometric information template DO data object FAR false acceptance rate FRR fal
49、se rejection rate RCE ridge count extraction RFU reserved for future use 6 Minutiae extraction 6.1 Purpose This clause defines the placement of minutiae on the fingerprint. Compatible minutiae extraction is required for interoperability between different finger comparators for the purposes of comparing an individual against a previ
