1、 INCITS/ISO/IEC 19794-4:2011 2013 ISO/IEC 19794-4:2011 Information technology Biometric data interchange formats Part 4: Finger image data INCITS/ISO/IEC 19794-4:2011 2013 PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printe
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4、uitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approv
5、al: 6/26/2013 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2013 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), I
6、nternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission o
7、f ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ii ITIC 2013 All rights reserved ISO/IEC 19794-4:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword .v Introductionvi 1 Scope1
8、 2 Conformance .1 3 Normative references2 4 Terms and definitions .2 5 Abbreviated terms .3 6 Data conventions.3 6.1 Byte and bit ordering 3 6.2 Scan sequence 3 7 Image acquisition requirements 3 7.1 General .3 7.2 Pixel aspect ratio .4 7.3 Bit-depth.4 7.4 Grayscale data .4 7.5 Dynamic range.4 7.6 C
9、apture device spatial sampling rate4 7.7 Image spatial sampling rate .5 7.8 Fingerprint image location .5 7.9 Palm image location5 8 Finger image record format5 8.1 Record structure5 8.2 Finger image general header 6 8.3 Finger/palm image representation header9 8.4 Extended data 18 9 Registered form
10、at type identifiers .23 Annex A (normative) Conformance test methodology .24 Annex B (normative) Capture device certifications 25 Annex C (informative) Finger image data record example .49 Annex D (informative) Conditions for capturing finger image data.51 Annex E (normative) WSQ Gray-scale fingerpr
11、int image compression specification.60 Bibliography91 Figures Figure 1 Order of scanned lines 4 Figure 2 Finger image record structure .6 Figure 3 Order and size of fields in the finger image record7 Figure 4 Image quality layout.13 Figure 5 Finger orientation for segmentation.22 ISO/IEC 19794-4:201
12、1(E) iv ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedTables Table 1 General record header. 8 Table 2 Finger image representation header record. 9 Table 3 Image and extended data 11 Table 4 Capture device technology. 12 Table 5 Identifiers for certification schemes specified in the annexes 14 Table 6 Finger posit
13、ion codes . 15 Table 7 Multiple finger position codes. 15 Table 8 Palm codes. 16 Table 9 Compression algorithm codes 17 Table 10 Finger and palm impression codes 18 Table 11 Extended data area type codes . 19 Table 12 Segmentation data . 20 Table 13 Annotation data 22 Table 14 Format Type Identifier
14、s 23 ISO/IEC 19794-4:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participa
15、te in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental an
16、d non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The
17、main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the national bodies cas
18、ting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 19794-4 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Informa
19、tion technology, Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 19794-4:2005). It reflects the harmonization across the second generation of ISO/IEC 19794. Clause 8 has been technically revised and contains descriptions of the harmonized general a
20、nd representation headers. Annex A is under development and will contain an amendment for conformance testing methodology for this part of ISO/IEC 19794. Annex B contains capture device certifications for capturing finger image data. Annex B has been technically revised. Annex D describes conditions
21、 for capturing finger image data, and Annex E contains the WSQ Gray-scale fingerprint image compression specification. The former Annex A “Image Quality Specification” has been removed. ISO/IEC 19794 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Biometric data inter
22、change formats: Part 1: Framework Part 2: Finger minutiae data Part 3: Finger pattern spectral data Part 4: Finger image data Part 5: Face image data Part 6: Iris image data Part 7: Signature/sign time series data Part 8: Finger pattern skeletal data Part 9: Vascular image data Part 10: Hand geometr
23、y silhouette data Part 11: Signature/sign processed dynamic data Part 13: Voice data Part 14: DNA data ISO/IEC 19794-4:2011(E) vi ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedIntroduction In the forensic community, the capture and transmission of fingerprint images has been a common choice for the exchange of fi
24、ngerprint information used by Automatic Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) for the identification of individuals. However, little to no fingerprint information is being exchanged between equipment from different vendors in the biometric user verification and access community. This has been du
25、e in part to the lack of agreement between vendors on the amount and type of information to capture, the method of capture, and the information to be exchanged. ISO/IEC 19794 is a series of International Standards being developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37 that supports interoperability and data interch
26、ange among biometric applications and systems. The series specifies requirements that solve the complexities of applying biometrics to a wide variety of personal recognition applications, whether such applications operate in an open systems environment or consist of a single, closed system. Addition
27、al information regarding the series is provided in ISO/IEC 19794-1. This part of ISO/IEC 19794 is intended for those applications requiring the exchange of raw or processed fingerprint and palm images that may not necessarily be limited by the amount of resources required for data storage or transmi
28、tting time. It can be used for the exchange of scanned fingerprints containing detailed image pixel information. This part of ISO/IEC 19794 can also be used to exchange processed fingerprint image data containing considerably fewer pixels per inch and/or a lesser number of grayscale levels. This is
29、in contrast to other parts of ISO/IEC 19794 used for exchanging lists of fingerprint characteristics such as minutiae, patterns, or other variants. These formats require considerably less storage than a fingerprint image. However, by using any of the other parts of ISO/IEC 19794, information recorde
30、d in one standard format cannot be used by algorithms designed to operate with another type of information. In other words, minutiae data records cannot be compared with pattern skeletal data comparison subsystems. Although the minutiae, pattern, or other approaches produce different intermediate ou
31、tputs, all shall initially capture a reasonably high quality fingerprint image before reducing the size of the image (in bytes) or developing a list of characteristic data from the image. Use of the captured or processed image can provide interoperability among vendors relying on minutiae-based, pat
32、tern-based or other algorithms. As a result, data from the captured finger image offers the developer more freedom in choosing or combining comparison algorithms. For example, an enrolment image may be stored on a contactless chip located on an identification document. This will allow future verific
33、ation of the holder of the document with systems that rely on either minutiae-based or pattern-based algorithms. Establishment of an image-based representation of fingerprint information will not rely on pre-established definitions of minutiae, patterns or other types. It will provide implementers w
34、ith the flexibility to accommodate images captured from dissimilar devices, varying image sizes, spatial sampling rates, and different grayscale depths. Use of the fingerprint image will allow each vendor to implement their own algorithms to determine whether two fingerprint records are from the sam
35、e finger. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19794-4:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 1Information technology Biometric data interchange formats Part 4: Finger image data 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 19794 specifies a data record interchange format for storing, recording, and transmitting the in
36、formation from one or more finger or palm image areas. This can be used for the exchange and comparison of finger image data. It defines the content, format, and units of measurement for the exchange of finger image data that may be used for enrolment, verification, or identification of a subject. T
37、he information consists of a variety of mandatory and optional items, including scanning parameters, compressed or uncompressed images and vendor-specific information. This information is intended for interchange among organizations that rely on automated devices and systems for identification or ve
38、rification purposes based on the information from finger image areas. Information compiled and formatted in accordance with this part of ISO/IEC 19794 can be recorded on machine-readable media or may be transmitted by data communication facilities. 2 Conformance A biometric data record conforms to t
39、his part of ISO/IEC 19794 if it satisfies all of the normative requirements related to: a) its data structure, data values, and the relationships between its data elements, as specified throughout Clause 8 for the finger image record format of this part of ISO/IEC 19794; b) the relationship between
40、its data values and the input biometric data from which the biometric data record was generated, as specified throughout Clause 8 for the finger image record format of this part of ISO/IEC 19794. A system that produces biometric data records is conformant to this part of ISO/IEC 19794 if all biometr
41、ic data records that it outputs conform to this part of ISO/IEC 19794 (as defined above) as claimed in the Implementation Conformance Statement (ICS) associated with that system. A system does not need to be capable of producing biometric data records that cover all possible aspects of this part of
42、ISO/IEC 19794, but only those that are claimed to be supported by the system in the ICS. A system that uses biometric data records is conformant to this part of ISO/IEC 19794 if it can read, and use for the purpose intended by that system, all biometric data records that conform to this part of ISO/
43、IEC 19794 (as defined above) as claimed in the ICS associated with that system. A system does not need to be capable of using biometric data records that cover all possible aspects of this part of ISO/IEC 19794, but only those that are claimed to be supported by the system in an ICS. ISO/IEC 19794-4
44、:2011(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amen
45、dments) applies. ISO/IEC 10918-1, Information technology Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Requirements and guidelines ISO/IEC 15444 (all parts), Information technology JPEG 2000 image coding system ISO/IEC 15948, Information technology Computer graphics and image proce
46、ssing Portable Network Graphics (PNG): Functional specification ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011, Information technology Biometric data interchange formats Part 1: Framework ISO/IEC 29794-1, Information technology Biometric sample quality Part 1: Framework 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this docume
47、nt, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19794-1 and the following apply. 4.1 capture device spatial sampling rate number of pixels per unit distance used by a sensor or scanning device to initially capture an image 4.2 fingerprint image area of friction skin on the fleshy surface of a finger
48、located horizontally between the two edges of the fingernail and vertically between the first joint and the tip of a finger NOTE It contains a unique pattern of friction ridge and valley information commonly referred to as a “fingerprint”. 4.3 image spatial sampling rate number of pixels per unit di
49、stance in the image NOTE This may be the result of processing a captured image. The original captured scanned image may have been subsampled, scaled, down-sampled, or otherwise processed. 4.4 palm friction ridge skin on the side and underside of the hand 4.5 plain fingerprint image image captured from a finger placed on a platen without any rolling movement 4.6 rolled fingerprint image
