1、 INCITS/ISO/IEC 19794-5:2011 2013 ISO/IEC 19794-5:2011 Information technology Biometric data interchange formats Part 5: Face image data INCITS/ISO/IEC 19794-5:2011 2013 PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed
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4、table for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval
5、: 6/26/2013 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2013 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), Int
6、ernational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of
7、ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ii ITIC 2013 All rights reserved ISO/IEC 19794-5:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword . v Introduction vi 1 Scope
8、1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references 2 4 Terms and definitions . 2 5 The Face Image Data Record Format 4 5.1 Overview . 4 5.2 Data Conventions 7 5.3 The General Header . 8 5.4 The Representation Header 9 5.5 The Facial Information Block . 11 5.6 The Landmark Point Block . 16 5.7 The Image Info
9、rmation Block . 22 5.8 The Representation Data block 25 5.9 The Image Data Block . 25 5.10 The 3D Information Block . 25 5.11 The 3D Data Block . 32 6 The Basic Face Image Type . 35 6.1 Inheritance requirements for the Basic Face Image Type 35 6.2 Image data encoding requirements for the Basic Face
10、Image Type 35 6.3 Image data compression requirements for the Basic Face Image Type . 35 6.4 Format requirements for the Basic Face Image Type . 35 7 The Frontal Face Image Type . 35 7.1 Inheritance requirements for the Frontal Face Image Type 35 7.2 Scene requirements for the Frontal Image Type 36
11、7.3 Photographic Requirements for the Frontal Image Type 37 7.4 Digital requirements for the Frontal Image Type . 38 7.5 Format requirements for the Frontal Image Type 39 8 The Full Frontal Image Type . 39 8.1 Inheritance requirements for the Full Frontal Face Image Type 39 8.2 Scene requirements fo
12、r the Full Frontal Face Image Type . 39 8.3 Photographic requirements for the Full Frontal Face Image Type 40 8.4 Digital requirements for the Full Frontal Face Image Type . 42 8.5 Format requirements for the Full Frontal Image Type . 42 9 The Token Face Image Type 42 9.1 Inheritance requirements fo
13、r Token Face Image Type 42 9.2 Digital requirements for the Token Face Image Type 42 9.3 Format requirements for the Token Face Image Type 44 10 The Post-processed Frontal Face Image Type . 44 10.1 Introduction 44 10.2 Inheritance requirements for the Post-processed Frontal Face Image Type 44 10.3 F
14、ormat requirements for the Post-processed Frontal Face Image Type . 44 11 The Basic 3D Image Type . 45 11.1 Inheritance Requirements for the Basic 3D Image Type . 45 11.2 The Basic 3D Image Type using the 3D Point Map representation 45 ISO/IEC 19794-5:2011(E) iv ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved11.3
15、The Basic 3D Image Type using the 3D Vertex representation 45 12 The Full Frontal 3D Image Type .45 12.1 Inheritance requirements 45 12.2 Coordinate System Type .46 12.3 Pose of the 3D representation 46 12.4 Calibration Texture Projection Accuracy 46 12.5 Requirements on Full Frontal 3D Image Types
16、using the Range Image Representation 46 12.6 Requirements on Full Frontal 3D Image Types using the 3D Point Map Representation 47 12.7 Requirements on Full Frontal 3D Image Types using the 3D Vertex Representation 47 13 The Token Frontal 3D Image Type .47 13.1 Inheritance requirements 47 13.2 Requir
17、ements on Token Frontal 3D Image Types using the Range Image Representation 48 13.3 Requirements on Token Frontal 3D Image Types using the 3D Point Map Representation48 13.4 Requirements on Token Frontal 3D Image Types using the Vertex Representation .48 14 Registered Format Type Identifier .48 Anne
18、x A (normative) Conformance test methodology .49 Annex B (informative) Best practices for Face Images .50 Annex C (informative) Conditions for Taking Photographs 70 Annex D (informative) Experimental studies . 100 Annex E (informative) The Frankfurt Horizon 110 Bibliography . 111 ISO/IEC 19794-5:201
19、1(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of
20、 International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in l
21、iaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint t
22、echnical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention
23、is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 19794-5 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee S
24、C 37, Biometrics. This second edition constitutes a technical revision of the first edition (ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005), which is provisionally retained. It also incorporates the Amendments ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005/Amd.1:2007 and ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005/Amd.2:2009, and the Technical Corrigenda ISO/IEC 19794-5:2
25、005/Cor.1:2008 and ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005/Cor.2:2008. This edition reflects the harmonization across the second generation of ISO/IEC 19794. Clause 5 contains descriptions of the harmonized general and representation headers; and Clauses 5 to 13 have been technically revised. Annexes C, D, and E have
26、been added. ISO/IEC 19794 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Biometric data interchange formats: Part 1: Framework Part 2: Finger minutiae data Part 3: Finger pattern spectral data Part 4: Finger image data Part 5: Face image data Part 6: Iris image data
27、Part 7: Signature/sign time series data Part 8: Finger pattern skeletal data Part 9: Vascular image data Part 10: Hand geometry silhouette data Part 11: Signature/sign processed dynamic data Part 13: Voice data Part 14: DNA data ISO/IEC 19794-5:2011(E) vi ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedIntroduction
28、 Face images, also commonly referred to as displayed portraits, have been used for many decades to verify the identity of persons. In recent years, digital face images are used in many applications including human examination as well as computer automated face recognition. Although photographic form
29、ats have been standardized in some cases such as for passports and driver licenses, there is a need to define a standard data format of digital face images to allow interoperability among vendors. This part of ISO/IEC 19794 is intended to provide a face image format for face recognition applications
30、 requiring exchange of face image data. The typical applications are 1) human examination of facial images with sufficient resolution to allow a human examiner to ascertain small features such as moles and scars that might be used to verify identity, 2) human verification of identity by comparison o
31、f persons against facial images, 3) computer automated face biometric identification (one-to-many searching), and 4) computer automated face biometric verification (one-to-one comparison). To enable many applications on a variety of devices, including devices that have limited resources available fo
32、r data storage, and to improve face recognition accuracy, this part of ISO/IEC 19794 specifies not only a data format, but also scene constraints (lighting, pose, expression, etc.), photographic properties (positioning, camera focus, etc.) and digital image attributes (image resolution, image size,
33、etc.). Several face image types are introduced to define categories that satisfy requirements of some applications: Basic: This is the fundamental Face Image Type that specifies a record format including header and representation data. All Face Image Types adhere to the properties of this type. No m
34、andatory scene, photographic and digital requirements are specified for this image type. Frontal: A Basic Face Image Type that adheres to additional requirements appropriate for frontal face recognition and/or human examination. Two types of Frontal Face Image Types are defined in this part of ISO/I
35、EC 19794, Full Frontal and Token Frontal (or simply Token). Full Frontal: A Face Image Type that specifies frontal images with sufficient resolution for human examination as well as reliable computer face recognition. This type of Face Image Type includes the full head with all hair in most cases, a
36、s well as neck and shoulders. This image type is suitable for permanent storage of the face information, and it is applicable to portraits for passport, driver license, and “mugshot” images. Token Frontal: A Face Image Type that specifies frontal images with a specific geometric size and eye positio
37、ning based on the width and height of the image. This image type is suitable for minimizing the storage requirements for computer face recognition tasks such as verification while still offering vendor independence and human verification (versus human examination which requires more detail) capabili
38、ties. Post-processed Frontal: Applying digital post-processing to a captured image can modify this image in a way that it is more suitable for automatic face recognition. The Post-processed Frontal Face Image Type is thought of as the interchange format for these kinds of facial images. Basic 3D: Th
39、e Basic 3D Image Type is the base Image Type of all 3D Face Image Types. All 3D Face Image Types obey normative requirements of this image type. Full Frontal 3D: The Full Frontal 3D Image Type combines a Full Frontal 2D image with additional 3D information. Token Frontal 3D: The Token Frontal 3D Ima
40、ge Type combines a Token Frontal 2D image with additional 3D information. ISO/IEC 19794-5:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved viiTable 1 shows the relationships between Face Image Types using the notion of inheritance. For example, Frontal inherits properties from Basic, which means that all no
41、rmative clauses that apply to Basic also apply to Frontal. Table 1 Inheritance of Face Image Types Face Image Type Inherits from Normative clauses Informative annexes Basic None 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 B.1 Frontal Basic 7 B.2 Full Frontal Frontal 8 B.3 Token Frontal Frontal 9 B.4 Post-processed Frontal Fro
42、ntal 10 Figure 1 gives a general overview of the scene, photographic, digitization, and format requirements for the face image types specified in this part of ISO/IEC 19794. Requirements Scene Photographic Digital Format Lighting Image and Subject Positioning Camera Attributes Digital Camera Analogu
43、e to Digital Image Scanning Digital Specifications Record Format and Organization Clauses: Clauses: Clauses: Clauses: Basic Face Frontal Face Full Frontal Face None 7.2 8.2 Basic Face Frontal Face Full Frontal Face None7.38.3Basic Face Frontal Face Full Frontal Face Token Face None 7.4 8.4 9.2 Basic
44、 Face Frontal Face Full Frontal Face Token Face Post-processed Frontal Face 56.26.36.47.58.59.310.3Figure 1 The types of imaging requirements specified in this part of ISO/IEC 19794. The Basic Face Image Type has no scene, photographic, or digital requirements ISO/IEC 19794-5:2011(E) viii ISO/IEC 20
45、11 All rights reservedThis is a revision of ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005. The structure of the data format is not compatible with the previous version. NOTE This part of ISO/IEC 19794 relies on other ISO International Standards. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19794-5:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved
46、 1Information technology Biometric data interchange formats Part 5: Face image data 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 19794 specifies a record format for storing, recording, and transmitting the information from one or more facial images or a short video stream of facial images, specifies scene constrain
47、ts of the facial images, specifies photographic properties of the facial images, specifies digital image attributes of the facial images, provides best practices for the photography of faces. 2 Conformance A biometric data record conforms to this part of ISO/IEC 19794 if it satisfies all of the norm
48、ative requirements related to: A) Its data structure, data values and the relationships between its data elements, as specified in Clauses 5, 6, 7, 8 for the Full Frontal Face Image Type, Clauses 5, 6, 7, 9 for the Token Frontal Image Type, and Clauses 5, 6, 7, 10 for the Post-processed Frontal Imag
49、e Type of this part of ISO/IEC 19794, respectively. B) The relationship between its data values and the input biometric data from which the biometric data record was generated, as specified in Clauses 5, 6, 7, 8 for the Full Frontal Face Image Type, Clauses 5, 6, 7, 9 for the Token Frontal Image Type, and Clauses 5, 6, 7, 10 for the Post-processed Frontal Image Type of this part of ISO/IEC 19794, respe
