1、 INCITS/ISO/IEC 19794-9:2011 2013 ISO/IEC 19794-9:2011 Information technology Biometric data interchange formats Part 9: Vascular image data INCITS/ISO/IEC 19794-9:2011 2013 PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be prin
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4、 suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Appr
5、oval: 6/26/2013 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2013 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO),
6、 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission
7、 of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ii ITIC 2013 All rights reserved ISO/IEC 19794-9:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Sc
8、ope 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative reference 2 4 Terms and definitions . 2 5 Abbreviated terms . 2 6 Data conventions . 3 6.1 Byte and bit ordering 3 6.2 Scan sequence 3 7 Image capture requirements 3 7.1 Spatial sampling rate 3 7.2 Bit-depth . 3 7.3 Illumination 3 7.4 Pixel aspect ratio . 4 7.5 No
9、rmalization of projection 4 7.6 Image storage format 4 7.7 Imaging area 4 7.8 Standard pose 5 7.9 Object coordinate system. 6 7.10 Occlusion by opaque artifacts . 7 8 Vascular image format specification . 7 8.1 Biometric Data Record 7 8.2 General Header 8 8.3 Representation header 9 8.4 Extended dat
10、a 15 9 Registered Format Type Identifier . 18 Annex A (normative) Conformance Testing Methodology . 19 Annex B (informative) A sample image data packet . 20 ISO/IEC 19794-9:2011(E) iv ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the Inter
11、national Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fi
12、elds of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a
13、 joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical comm
14、ittee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not b
15、e held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 19794-9 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC JTC1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 19794-9:2007), Clause 8 and Annex A of which
16、have been technically revised. ISO/IEC 19794 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Biometric data interchange formats: Part 1: Framework Part 2: Finger minutiae data Part 3: Finger pattern spectral data Part 4: Finger image data Part 5: Face image data Part
17、6: Iris image data Part 7: Signature/sign time series data Part 8: Finger pattern skeletal data Part 9: Vascular image data Part 10: Hand geometry silhouette data Part 11: Signature/sign processed dynamic data Part 13: Voice Data Part 14: DNA data ISO/IEC 19794-9:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights rese
18、rved vIntroduction Vascular biometric technologies have existed for many years. Additionally, new technologies employing vascular images obtained from various parts of the human body are emerging or under continuous improvement as a result of new, state-of-the-art imaging devices. Some of them are b
19、eing widely adopted as reliable biometric modalities. Currently however, little vascular biometric image information is being exchanged between the equipment and devices from different vendors. This is due in part to the lack of standardized formats for information exchange that would ensure interop
20、erability among the various vendors. The purpose of this part of ISO/IEC 19794 is to define a standard for the exchange of human vascular biometric image information. It defines specific attributes, a data record format for storing and transmitting vascular biometric images and certain attributes, a
21、 sample record, and conformance criteria. This part of ISO/IEC 19794 is intended for applications requiring the exchange of raw or processed vascular biometric images. It is intended for applications not limited by the amount of storage required. It is a compromise or a trade-off between the resourc
22、es required for data storage or transmission and the potential for improved data quality/accuracy. Basically, it is to enable various algorithms to identify or verify the vascular biometric image data transferred from other image sources. Currently available vascular biometric technologies that may
23、utilize this part of ISO/IEC 19794 for image exchange are technologies that use the back of the hand, palm, and finger. The use of captured source images can provide interoperability among and between vendors relying on various different recognition or verification algorithms. Accordingly, data from
24、 the captured vascular biometric image offers the developer more freedom in choosing or combining a comparison subsystem. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19794-9:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 1Information technology Biometric data interchange formats Part 9: Vascular image data 1 Scope Thi
25、s part of ISO/IEC 19794 specifies an image interchange format for biometric person identification or verification technologies that utilize human vascular biometric images and may be used for the exchange and comparison of vascular image data. It specifies a data record interchange format for storin
26、g, recording, and transmitting vascular biometric information from one or more areas of the human body. It defines the contents, format, and units of measurement for the image exchange. The format consists of mandatory and optional items, including scanning parameters, compressed or uncompressed ima
27、ge specifications and vendor-specific information. Information compiled and formatted in accordance with this part of ISO/IEC 19794 can be recorded on machine-readable media or may be transmitted by data communication facilities. 2 Conformance A biometric data record conforms to this part of ISO/IEC
28、 19794 if it satisfies all of the normative requirements related to: a) its data structure, data values, and the relationships between its data elements, as specified throughout Clause 9 for the Vascular Image Record Format of this part of ISO/IEC 19794, and b) the relationship between its data valu
29、es and the input biometric data from which the biometric data record was generated, as specified throughout Clause 9 for the Vascular Image Record Format of this part of ISO/IEC 19794. A system that produces biometric data records is conformant to this part of ISO/IEC 19794 if all biometric data rec
30、ords that it outputs conform to this part of ISO/IEC 19794 (as defined above), as claimed in the Implementation Conformance Statement associated with that system. A system does not need to be capable of producing biometric data records that cover all possible aspects of this part of ISO/IEC 19794, b
31、ut only those that are claimed to be supported by the system in the Implementation Conformance Statement (ICS). A system that uses biometric data records is conformant to this part of ISO/IEC 19794 if it can read, and use for the purpose intended by that system, all biometric data records that confo
32、rm to this part of ISO/IEC 19794 (as defined above), as claimed in the Implementation Conformance Statement associated with that system. A system does not need to be capable of using biometric data records that cover all possible aspects of this part of ISO/IEC 19794, but only those that are claimed
33、 to be supported by the system in an ICS. ISO/IEC 19794-9:2011(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved3 Normative reference The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the lates
34、t edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 10918-1, Information technology Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Requirements and guidelines ISO/IEC 15444-1, Information technology JPEG 2000 image coding system: Core coding system ISO/I
35、EC 14495-1, Information technology Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images: Baseline ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011, Information technology Biometric data interchange formats Part 1: Framework 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions g
36、iven in ISO/IEC 19794-1 and the following apply. 4.1 centroid centre of gravity NOTE In this part of ISO/IEC 19794, it is used to define a unique location within a silhouette image that can be assumed as the origin of a coordinate system. 4.2 dorsal back side of a finger or a hand 4.3 vascular biome
37、tric image captured raw or processed image that represents physical characteristics or traits of vascular pattern used to recognize the identity or verify the claimed identity of an individual 4.4 vascular image header record information contained in the header data structure of the vascular image d
38、ata format as specified in this part of ISO/IEC 19794 4.5 ventral palm side of a finger or a hand 5 Abbreviated terms nm nanometre ppcm pixels per centimetre VIR vascular biometric image record RGB red, green, blue color model ISO/IEC 19794-9:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 36 Data conventi
39、ons 6.1 Byte and bit ordering The quantities in all records and vascular biometric image elements (pixel data), if represented as multibyte quantities, are represented in big-endian format. That is, the more significant bytes of any multibyte quantity are stored at lower addresses in memory than are
40、 the less significant bytes. The order for transmission shall also be the most significant byte first and the least significant byte last. Within a byte, the order of transmission shall be the most significant bit first and the least significant bit last. All numeric values are unsigned integer quan
41、tities of fixed-length. 6.2 Scan sequence A raw vascular image data conforming to this part of ISO/IEC 19794 is a two dimensional bit-mapped data that scans an object from the upper left corner to the lower right corner within a region of interest of a human body. This standard defines the scan dire
42、ction of an imaging sensor as being along the positive x and y-axis which is defined in clause 7.9 for each vascular biometric technology, assuming the target human body (finger, back of the hand, or palm, etc.) is positioned in standard pose. The standard pose is defined in clause 7.8. If an image
43、is scanned in a standard pose, the x and y-axis of the object coordinate system is in parallel with the x and y-axis of the image coordinate system. The x-direction of the image coordinate system is defined as the scan line from left to right and the y-direction as being from the top to the bottom o
44、f the image. Additionally, in a standard pose, the object z-axis is assumed to be in a direction parallel with the z-axis of the imaging device. The scan sequence shall be raster scan order; that is, image pixels are acquired along the x-axis from top to bottom in the y-direction. In order to map th
45、e object coordinate system to the image coordinate system without further translation, each vascular biometric image data may define the x and y-axis origin which is not the pixel location of the upper-left corner of the image. If the origin is not specifically defined, it shall be the pixel locatio
46、n of the upper-left corner of the image. 7 Image capture requirements 7.1 Spatial sampling rate Image capture requirements are dependent on various factors such as the type of application, the available amount of raw pixel information to be retained or exchanged, and the targeted performance. Anothe
47、r factor to consider as a requirement for vascular biometric imaging is that the physical size of the target body area where an application captures an image for the extraction of vascular pattern data varies substantially (unlike other biometric modalities). For example, a finger vein biometric dev
48、ice may require higher spatial sampling rate than a palm vein device due to difference size of the observed biometric characteristic. Therefore, this standard does not specify the requirement of minimum spatial sampling rate. However, the spatial sampling rate of the captured image shall be represen
49、ted in terms of pixels per centimetre. 7.2 Bit-depth The image shall have a dynamic range spanning at least 128 gray scale levels, allocating at least one byte (8 bits) per intensity value and providing at least 7 bits of useful intensity information. The image may utilize two or more bytes per gray scale value instead of one. 7.3 Illumination For the capture of vascular biometric images, the skin is typically ill
