1、Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 12/24/2003Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2003 by Information Technology Industry Council
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3、his publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaReference numberISO
4、/IEC 21000-2:2003(E)ISO/IEC 2003INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC21000-2First edition2003-03-15Information technology Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) Part 2: Digital Item Declaration Technologies de linformation Cadre multimdia (MPEG-21) Partie 2: Dclaration darticle numrique ISO/IEC 21000-2:2003(E) PDF
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8、003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the co
9、untry of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reservedISO/IEC 21000-2:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Fo
10、reword vii Executive Summary for MPEG-21 viii 1 Scope 1 1.1 Organization of the document . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 3.1 Digital Item . 2 4 Conventions. 2 4.1 Naming convention . 2 4.2 Documentation convention 2 5 Symbols and abbreviated terms 4 6 Digital Item Declaratio
11、n Model. 5 6.1 Purpose and Overview 5 6.2 Abstract Model. 5 6.2.1 Container 5 6.2.2 Item . 5 6.2.3 Component. 6 6.2.4 Anchor 6 6.2.5 Descriptor. 6 6.2.6 Condition 6 6.2.7 Choice. 6 6.2.8 Selection. 6 6.2.9 Annotation 7 6.2.10 Assertion 7 6.2.11 Resource 7 6.2.12 Fragment 7 6.2.13 Statement . 7 6.2.1
12、4 Predicate 7 7 Digital Item Declaration Representation . 9 7.1 Introduction 9 7.1.1 DIDL Overview . 9 7.2 DIDL Definition. 10 7.2.1 Validation . 10 7.2.2 Canonicalization 10 7.2.3 Element Descriptions 10 7.2.4 11 7.2.5 . 12 7.2.6 13 7.2.7 . 14 7.2.8 16 7.2.9 17 7.2.10 19 7.2.11 . 20 7.2.12 23 7.2.1
13、3 25 7.2.14 27 7.2.15 28 7.2.16 . 30 ISO/IEC 21000-2:2003(E) iv ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved7.2.17 . 33 7.2.18 35 8 The Digital Item Declaration XML Schema Definition37 9 Example Digital Items expressed in DIDL (informative) . 44 9.1 Example 1: Using MPEG-7 descriptors in conjunction with a Choi
14、ce. 44 9.2 Example 2: Expressing the same set of metadata in different descriptor formats 46 9.3 Example 3: A digital music album . 47 9.4 Example 4: Implementing numeric comparisons in Item configuration . 58 Annex A (informative) Patent statements 61 Bibliography 62 ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserve
15、d vList of Tables Page Table 1 Example element specification .3 Table 2 DIDL element syntax 11 Table 3 DECLARATIONS element syntax12 Table 4 CONTAINER element syntax .13 Table 5 ITEM element syntax15 Table 6 COMPONENT element syntax .16 Table 7 RESOURCE element syntax17 Table 8 DESCRIPTOR element sy
16、ntax .19 Table 9 STATEMENT element syntax.20 Table 10 ANCHOR element syntax24 Table 11 CHOICE element syntax.26 Table 12 SELECTION element syntax27 Table 13 CONDITION element syntax28 ISO/IEC 21000-2:2003(E) ISO/IEC 21000-2:2003(E) vi ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reservedList of Figures Page Figure 1 Exa
17、mple element syntax diagram . 4 Figure 2 Example Digital Item Declaration model . 8 ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved viiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization.
18、 National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual int
19、erest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance wit
20、h the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard req
21、uires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. ISO/IEC 21000-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information. ISO/IEC 21000 consists of the following parts,
22、under the general title Information technology Multimedia framework (MPEG-21): Part 1: Vision, Technologies and Strategy Part 2: Digital Item Declaration Part 3: Digital Item Identification Part 4: Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP) Part 5: Rights Expression Language Part 6: Righ
23、ts Data Dictionary Part 7: Digital Item Adaptation Part 8: Reference Software ISO/IEC 21000-2:2003(E) ISO/IEC 21000-2:2003(E) viii ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reservedExecutive Summary for MPEG-21 Today, many elements exist to build an infrastructure for the delivery and consumption of multimedia conten
24、t. There is, however, no “big picture” to describe how these elements, either in existence or under development, relate to each other. The aim for MPEG-21 is to describe how these various elements fit together. Where gaps exist, MPEG-21 will recommend which new standards are required. ISO/IEC JTC 1/
25、SC 29/WG 11 (MPEG) will then develop new standards as appropriate while other relevant standards may be developed by other bodies. These specifications will be integrated into the multimedia framework through collaboration between MPEG and these bodies. The result is an open framework for multimedia
26、 delivery and consumption, with both the content creator and content consumer as focal points. This open framework provides content creators and service providers with equal opportunities in the MPEG-21 enabled open market. This will also be to the benefit of the content consumer providing them acce
27、ss to a large variety of content in an interoperable manner. The vision for MPEG-21 is to define a multimedia framework to enable transparent and augmented use of multimedia resources across a wide range of networks and devices used by different communities. This second part of MPEG-21 (ISO/IEC 2100
28、0-2) specifies the mechanism for declaring the structure and makeup of Digital Items. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 21000-2:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved 1Information technology Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) Part 2: Digital Item Declaration 1 Scope This document describes the MPEG-21 Di
29、gital Item Declaration technology, which is part 2 of the MPEG-21 standard. 1.1 Organization of the document This technology is described in three normative clauses: Model: The Digital Item Declaration Model (clause 6) describes a set of abstract terms and concepts to form a useful model for definin
30、g Digital Items. Within this model, a Digital Item is the digital representation of “a work”, and as such, it is the thing that is acted upon (managed, described, exchanged, collected, etc.) within the model. Representation: Clause 7 contains the normative description of the syntax and semantics of
31、each of the Digital Item Declaration elements, as represented in XML. This clause also contains some non-normative examples for illustrative purposes. Schema: Clause 8 contains the normative XML schema comprising the entire grammar of the Digital Item Declaration representation in XML. In addition,
32、illustrative (non-normative) examples are provided. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
33、 any amendments) applies. Extensible Markup Language 1.0 (Second Edition), W3C Recommendation, 6 October 2000 XML Schema Part 1: Structures and Part 2: Datatypes, W3C Recommendation, 2 May 2001 Canonical XML Version 1.0, W3C Recommendation, 15 March 2001 Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic S
34、yntax, IETF RFC 2396, 1998 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies. IETF RFC 2045, 1996 ISO/IEC 21000-2:2003(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1
35、 Digital Item In ISO/IEC 21000-1:2001 (part 1 of MPEG-21: Vision, Technologies and Strategy), Digital Items are defined as structured digital objects, including a standard representation and identification, and meta-data. This entity is the fundamental unit of distribution and transaction within the
36、 MPEG-21 framework as a whole; it has, however, no further technical meaning. Within this document (part 2 of MPEG-21: Digital Item Declaration), an item is a grouping of sub-items and/or components that are bound to relevant descriptors, as defined within the Digital Item Declaration Model. The ter
37、m item is a technical term, and is, as such, a narrower term than Digital Item. In conclusion, the use of the two different terms Digital Item and item within MPEG-21 is consistent and intended. 4 Conventions 4.1 Naming convention It should be noted that the Digital Item Declaration Model (clause 6)
38、 contains the concept names that are used throughout the MPEG-21 standard. As such, this model should be considered to be the “ultimate arbiter” of these MPEG-21 concept names. 4.2 Documentation convention The semantics of each element in the Digital Item Declaration Model is specified using the con
39、structs provided by EBNF 4, and is shown in this document using a specific font and background: element := (part1 | part2)+ part3* The syntax of each element in the Digital Item Declaration Representation is specified using the constructs provided by XML Schema 2. Element names and attribute names i
40、n the representation are in SMALL CAPS. Throughout the document, italics are used when referring to elements defined in the Digital Item Declaration Model (see clause 4), hereafter known as the Model. The syntax of each element in the Digital Item Declaration representation is specified using the fo
41、llowing format. ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved 3Diagram Children Used by Name Type Description Attributes ID ID A unique ID value, which can be referenced by another element. Source Table 1 Example element specification The Language Definition clause contains syntax diagrams for each element. Here
42、 is an example syntax diagram with annotations: ISO/IEC 21000-2:2003(E) ISO/IEC 21000-2:2003(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reservedParent elementSequence groupOptional childRequired childChoice groupOptionalunboundedchildRequiredunboundedchildRequired childwith childrenFigure 1 Example element syntax
43、 diagram Non-normative examples are included in separate clauses, and are shown in this document using a separate font and background: example element content 5 Symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply. DID: Digital Item Declaration DIDL: Dig
44、ital Item Declaration Language EBNF: Extended Backus-Naur Form IANA: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IPMP: Intellectual Property Management and Protection JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group MPEG: Moving Picture Experts Group MPEG-21: ISO/IEC 21000 (all parts) MP3: MPEG-1/2 layer III (audio c
45、oding) URI: Uniform Resource Identifier (IETF Standard is RFC 2396) ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved 5URL: Uniform Resource Locator (IETF Standard is RFC 1738) URN: Uniform Resource Name (IETF Standard is RFC 2396) XML: Extensible Markup Language (W3C Recommendation) 6 Digital Item Declaration Model
46、 6.1 Purpose and Overview The purpose of this clause is to describe a set of abstract terms and concepts to form a useful model for defining Digital Items. Within this model, a Digital Item is the digital representation of “a work”, and as such, it is the thing that is acted upon (managed, described
47、, exchanged, collected, etc.) within the model. The goal of this model is to be as flexible and general as possible, while providing for the “hooks” that enable higher level functionality and interoperability. This, in turn, will allow the model to serve as a key foundation in the building of higher
48、 level models in other MPEG-21 elements (such as Identification or IPMP). This model specifically does not define a language in and of itself. Instead, the model helps to provide a common set of abstract concepts and terms that can be used to define such a scheme, or to perform mappings between exis
49、ting schemes capable of Digital Item Declaration, for comparison purposes. 6.2 Abstract Model Please note that in the descriptions below, the defined elements in italics are intended to be unambiguous terms within this model. The prose descriptions define the semantic “meaning” of the terms, and the EBNF representations define the precise intended relationship or structure between terms within the model. 6.2.1 Container A container is a st
