1、INCITS/ISO/IEC 9636-3-1991 (R1997)(formerly ANSI/ISO/IEC 9636-3-1991 (R1997) for Information Technology -Computer Graphics -Interfacing Techniques forDialogues with Graphical Devices (CGI) -Functional Specification -Part 3: OutputANSlllSOllEC 9636-3-l 991 Redesignation of ANSI X3.161 (never publishe
2、d) American National Standard for Information Technology - Computer Graphics - Interfacing Techniques for Dialogues with Graphical Devices (CGI)- Functional Specification - Part 3: Output Secretariat Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association Approved August 6,1992 American National S
3、tandards Institute, Inc. AmericanNationalStandardApproval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that therequirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval havebeen met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board
4、 of StandardsReview, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materiallyaffected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simplemajority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views andobjections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made tow
5、ard theirresolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existencedoes not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standardsor not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes,or procedures not conforming to the standar
6、ds.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will inno circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard.Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation ofan American National Standard in the name of the American Na
7、tional StandardsInstitute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat orsponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised orwithdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInst
8、itute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdrawthis standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive currentinformation on all standards by calling or writing the American National StandardsInstitute.Published byAmerican National Standards Institute11
9、West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 1991 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)All rights reserved.These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO),International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standard
10、s Institute (ANSI), andInformation Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may bereproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI.All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1
11、250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaContents Foreword . . . vu Introduction . viii 1 scope . 1 2 Normative references 2 3 Concepts 3 3.1 3.2 33 3.4 35 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 Introduction . General output concepts 33.1 Types of graphic primitive functions
12、333 Attdutes and controls 3.23 output states Individual and bundled attribute values 33.1 IlltdUCtiOll . 33.2 Modes of attribute specification and selection Colour 3.4.1 Direct and indexed modes . 3.4.2 Background colour Graphic objects . 35.1 Compound objects 35.2 Global and local attributes 353 De
13、tail of graphic object formation Clipping associated with graphic objects 3.6.1 Rendering pipelines for clipping Line primitives 3.7.1 Line functions . 3.73 Line attributes . 3.73 Line geometry . 3.7.4 Line clipping . 3.75 Allowed latitude Marker primitive . 3.8.1 Marker function 38.2 Marker attribu
14、tes . 3.83 Marker geometry 3.8.4 Marker clipping . Text primitives 39.1 Text functions . 3.9.2 Usage of text functions (compound text) 3.93 Text attributes . 39A Text geometry . 3.95 Text clipping . 3.9.6 Text fonts and character sets . 3.9.7 Errors in TEXT OPEN state 3.9.8 Allowed latitude Fill pri
15、mitives 3.10.1 Fii functions . 3.10.2 Fii attributes . 3.103 Fill geometry . 3.10.4 Fiil clipping . 3.10.5 Closed tigures . 3.10.6 Allowed latitude Image primitive . 3.11.1 Image function 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 9 9 9 9 10 11 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 19 27 28 28 28 29 29 29 31 32 3
16、3 37 37 38 . . . III _ ilyL._ i -1_ -11- 3.115 Allowed latitude 3.12 Generalized Drawing Primitives . 3.121 GDP function 3.13 muiry 3.13.1 State lists and description tables . 3.14 Retrieval 3.14.1 Retrieval of text extent . 4 Interactions with other parts of ISO/IEC 9636 . 4.1 Interactions with all
17、 other patts of ISO/DZC 9636 4.1.1 Character set and font selection 4.2 Interactions with ISO/IEC 9636-2 (Control) 4.2.1 Effect of INITIALIZE 4.2.2 Effect of VDC Extent and VDC Type 4.3 Interactions with ISO/IJZC 96364 (Segments). 43.1 CLIP RECTANGLE, CLIP INDICATOR, and COPY SEGMENT 4.3.2 LINE WIDT
18、H and EDGE WIDTH 4.33 MARKER SIZE . 4.3.4 PICK IDENTIFIER 4.35 Dynamic modiication 4.3.6 Segment open state . 4.4 Interactions with ISO/IEC 9636-5 (Input) 4.5 Interactions with ISO/IBC 9636-6 (Raster) 45.1 State related restrictions . 4.53 Interior style BlTMAP 4.53 Drawing modes . 5 Abstract specif
19、ication of functions . 5.1 5.2 Introduction . 5.1.1 Data types employed Graphic urimitive functions 5.3 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.23 5.2.4 5.25 5.2.6 5.27 5.2.8 5.2.9 5.2.10 5.211 5.2.12 5.2.13 5.214 5.2.15 5.216 5.217 5.218 5.219 5.2.20 5.2.21 - POLYLINE DISJOINT POLYLINE CIRCULAR ARC 3 POINT . CIRCULAR ARC CE
20、NTRE CIRCULAR ARC CENTRE REVERSED ELLIPTICAL ARC CONNECIING EDGE POLYMARKER TEXT RESTRICTED TEXT APPEND TEXT . POLYGON . POLYGON SET . RECTANGLE CIRCLE CIRCULAR ARC 3 POINT CU)SE . CIRCULAR ARC CENTRE CLOSE ELLIPSE ELMPTICAL ARC CLOSE . CELL ARRAY i GENERALIZED DRAWING PRIMITIVE (GDP) . Attribute fu
21、nctions 53.1 LINE BUNDLE INDEX 53.2 LINE TYPE 5.33 LINE WIDTH 53.4 LINE COLOUR . 53.5 LINE CLIPPING MODE . 53.6 MARKER BUNDLE INDEX 53.7 MARKER TYPE 53.8 MARKER SIZE . 53.9 MARKER COLOUR . 53.10 MARKER CLIPPING MODE . 38 39 39 39 39 39 39 41 41 41 41 41 41 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 43 43 43 43 43 44 44 4
22、4 44 44 45 45 45 46 47 47 48 48 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 56 56 56 57 57 57 57 58 58 58 59 iv 53.11 53.12 53.13 53.14 53.15 53.16 53.17 53.18 53.19 53.20 53.21 53.22 53.23 53.24 53.25 53.26 53.27 53.2S 5339 5330 5331 5332 5333 5334 5335 5336 TEXT BUNDLE INDEX . TEXT FONT INDEX . TEXT PRECI
23、SION CHARACTER EXPANSION FACTOR CHARACTER SPACING TEXT COLOUR . CHARACTER HEIGHT CHARACTER ORIENTATION TEXT PATH . TEXT ALIGNMENT . CHARACTER SET INDEX . ALTERNATE CHARACTER SET INDEX CHARACTER CODING ANNOUNCER FILL BUNDLE INDEX . INTERIOR STYLE FILL COLOUR . HATCH INDEX . PATTERN INDEX . FILL REFER
24、ENCE POINT PATTERN SIZE . EDGE BUNDLE INDEX . EDGETYPE . EDGE WIDTH EDGE COLOUR EDGE CLIPPING MODE EDGE VISIBILITY 59 59 59 60 60 60 60 61 61 61 62 62 62 63 63 63 63 64 64 64 65 65 65 66 66 66 5.4 General attribute and output control functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 5.4.1 CLIP INDICATOR . 66 5.43 CLIP RECTANGLE . 67 5.43 LINE WIDTH SPECIFICATION MODE 67 5.4.4 EDGE WIDTH SPECIFICATION MODE 67 5.45 MARKER SIZE SPECIFICATION MODE . 68 5.4.6 COLOUR SELECTION MODE 68
26、 5.4.7 COLOUR VALUE EXTENT . 68 5.48 BACKGROUND COLOUR . 69 5.4.9 AUXILIARY COLOUR . 69 5.4.10 TRANSPARENCY . 69 5.4.11 COLOUR TABLE 70 5.4.12 LINE REPRESENTATION 70 5.4.13 MARKER REPRESENTATION 70 5.4.14 TEXT REPRESENTATION 71 5.4.15 FILL REPRESENTATION 72 5.4.16 EDGE REPRESENTATION 72 5.4.17 DELET
27、E BUNDLE REPRESENTATION 73 5.4.18 ASPECT SOURCE FLAGS . 73 5.4.19 PATTERN TABLE 74 5.4.20 DELETE PATTERN 74 5.431 FONT LIST 75 5.4.22 CHARACTER SET LIST . 75 5.423 SAVE PRIMlTIVE ATTRIBUTES 75 5.434 RESTORE PRIMlTIVE AITRIEIUTES 76 5.435 DELETE PRIMlTIVE ATTRIBUTE SAVE SET . 77 5.4.26 BEGIN FIGURE .
28、 77 5.427 END FIGURE . 77 5.4.28 NEW REGION . 78 5.5 Retrieval functions 78 55.1 GET TEXT EXTENT . 78 6 Output inquiry functions . 80 6.1 Introduction . 80 6.1.1 Data types employed . 80 6.13 Validity of returned information . 80 V P P !z or P I2 P P G 5 s w P 00 or or 4 91 P+ v1 or P G c L%i mimm 1
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30、otn En t-l 8 i% IZ IL 6 p f tc FYY ix% qs Fir il g =Ir % 2+ t ,gg i cl: : g; Eg Fjz m $1 gi i ; i i wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww PPPWWWWtGt.JNtararr-rO wwoooommmmmwrmm oowwwwmooooooo4 3i!.zc!iE$ wmcQmoomoowmoomoooooooooo WWWWt.Jw_I_-_I Ll - .,.- 2 Introduction Ibis part of ISOiIEC %36 describes the functions n
31、eeded for generating and displaying graphical output. The functional capability incorporated in this part of ISO/IEC 9636 is concerned with graphic primitives and their associated attributes, control over the graphic object output pipeline, and the rendering of graphic objects. It should at least be
32、 read in conjunction with the overview in ISO/IEC 9636-1, and the general control functions detailed in ISOjIEC %36-2. The functional capability described in this part of ISO/IEC 9636 applies to CGI Virtual Devices of class OUTPUT and OUTIN. X AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ISO/IEC 9636-3-1991 Amer
33、ican National Standard for information Technology - Computer Graphics - Interfacing Techniques for Dialogues with Graphical Devices (CGI)-Functional Specification - Part 3: Output 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 9636 establishes those functions of the Computer Graphics Interface concerned with output p
34、rimitives and associated attributes and controls for creating graphical pictures. This part of ISO/IEC 9636 is part 3 of ISO/IEC 9636, and should be read in conjunction with ISO/IEC 9636-l and ISO/IEC 9636-2. The relationship of this part of ISO/IEC 9636 to the other parts of ISODEC 9636 is describe
35、d in ISO/IEC 9636-l and in clause 4. The functionality described in this part of ISO/lEC 9636 pertains to OUTFYT and OUTIN classes of CGI Virtual Device. 1 ISO/IEC 9636-3 : 1991 (E) 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute pr
36、ovisions of this part of ISODEC 9636. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO/lEC 9636 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards
37、 listed below. Members of lEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 646 : 1983 Information processing - IS0 7-bit co hence, affected portions of the graphic picture will be modified. The associated AUXILIARY COLOUR attribute value is used in determining the colou
38、r of the “holes”. The DRAWING MODE attribute associated with the object is not applied (see 3.4.1.6) until after the application of TRANSPARENCY and AUXILIARY COLOUR. When TRANSPARENCY is OPAQUE, non-solid (e.g. dot-dash) lines or edges, text, and hatched interiors for fill objects are rendered as t
39、wo separate point sets in abstract DC space: one with the normal associated colour attribute values and the other with the associated auxiliary colour attribute value. 3.4.1.6 Overwrite capability, colour realization, and DRAWING MODE Due to inherent technology differences, the physical devices used
40、 as the display for CGI Virtual Devices differ in their behaviour when something is rendered in the same physical location on the drawing surface as previously rendered output or displayed on the display surface at the same location as previously displayed output. Raster technology devices can overw
41、rite the contents of the drawing surface, so that each object rendered “in front of previously rendered ones (see the lower right-hand picture shown in figure 2). Vector devices cannot usually do this: the Colour Overwrite entry in the Output Control Description Table indicates whether the Virtual D
42、evice has this capability. Output rendered on the drawing surface will ultimately be displayed on the display surface; it may be mixed additively or subtractively on the display surface with which previously displayed output (see the lower left-hand picture shown in figure 2). The Colour Realization
43、 entry in the Output Control Description Table indicates which colour mixing is used. 7 ISO/IEC 9636-3 : 1991 (E) Concepts Colour Polygon 1 Polygon 2 The two images to be combined Subtractive mixing Overwrite with - no replacement replacement Results of rendering one image on top of the other NOTE -
44、 The hatch patterns in this figure represent different solid colours, not rendered hatch styles. Figure 2 - Overwrite capability Device offering functionality defined in ISO/IEC 9636-6 provide an additional means of controlling colour mixing on the drawing surface-the drawing mode. For these devices
45、, the Colour Overwrite Capability is typically YES, and hence the DRAWING MODE function fully controls the colour mixing on the drawing surface. 3.4.2 Background colour The drawing surface is set to the background colour by PREPARE DRAWING SURFACE or by a regeneration prior to any rendering. The CGI
46、 provides several ways of specifying the background colour. The implemented ways are indicated by the Background Colour Capability entry in the Output Control Description Table. Four levels of background colour capability are defined, as follows: NONE: The device is not capable of changing the backg
47、round colour, e.g. this is a property of the media on which the picture is drawn. (In this case, the BACKGROUND COLOUR function need not be provided.) INDEX 0: The device has a background colour which is always associated with colour index 0. Changing the setting of colour table entry 0 will perform
48、 the desired change. (In this case, the BACKGROUND COLOUR function need not be provided.) INDEXED: The device has a background colour which is always associated with a colour index, which can be changed by the client. In this case, the BACKGROUND COLOUR function which accepts only CI values shall be
49、 provided. The default colour index for background colour is 0. FULL: The device has the capability of using either an indexed colour for background colour or a direct colour which is not associated with any colour table entry. In this case, the BACKGROUND COLOUR function 8 ISO/IEC 9636-3 : 1991 Q Colour Concepts with full support of the CO data type shall be provided. The default is specified in INDEXED mode with value 0. 3.5 Graphic objects This part of ISO/IEC 9636 defines the functions which create graphic primitives in the Graphic Object Pipeline.
