1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 9995-l First edition 1994-08-I 5 Information technology - Keyboard layouts for text and office systems - Part 1: General principles governing keyboard layouts Technologies de /information - Disposition des claviers concus pour la bureautique - Pat-tie 7: Principes g b)
2、 calculators, telephones and automated teller ma- chines having a numeric keypad. The keyboard defined in ISO/IEC 9995 is the conven- tional linear keyboard, which is physically divided into sections and the sections into zones within which the keys are laid out. In this part of ISO/IEC 9995, the se
3、ctions of the key- board are identified and the general shape and relative placement of the sections are specified. Spacing of keys and physical characteristics are covered in this part of ISO/IEC 9995 as are the principles governing the placement of characters and symbols on keys. This part of ISO/
4、IEC 9995 specifies a key numbering system which applies to all types of numeric, alpha- numeric and composite keyboards of ITE. This part of ISO/IEC 9995 specifies the principles governing the placement of characters and symbols on keys used on all types of numeric, alphanumeric and composite keyboa
5、rds of ITE. Although the key- board defined by ISO/IEC 9995 may be used for dif- ferent languages, the specifications are written as applying to Latin languages with a character path from left to right and a line progression from top to bottom. The primary layout within the alphanumeric zone is esta
6、blished in most countries by a national standard or by national usage. Allocation guidelines are pro- vided in ISO/IEC 9995-2. Complementary layouts are specified in ISO/IEC 9995-3. This part of ISO/IEC 9995 defines characteristics re- lated to interface 1 in figure 1. ISO/IEC 9995 specifies the all
7、ocation of functions (graphic characters and/or control functions) to keys. The graphic characters and the control functions have been given common names intended to be familiar to the users of a keyboard. In general, keyboards are not expected to generate coded control functions, but the operation
8、of a control function key may cause a num- ber of coded control functions to appear in data inter- change to achieve the desired effect. The effects of those keys that affect keyboard states are specified in other parts of ISO/IEC 9995. 2 Conformance 2.1 Conformance with part 1 Equipment is in confo
9、rmance with ISO/IEC 9995-l if it meets the requirements of clauses 5 to 9. Depend- ing on the intended purpose of the equipment not all of the described sections and zones need to be im- plemented. 2.2 General conformance requirement A keyboard which claims conformance with ISO/IEC 9995 shall at min
10、imum conform to this part 1 ISOIIEC 9995-l :1994(E) 0 ISO/IEC of ISO/IEC 9995 and to all other parts which are rel- evant to that particular model of keyboard. form exists. National standards or usage may deter- mine which graphic characters are affected by this state. Conformance to ISO/IEC 9995-7
11、does not require conformance to any other part of ISO/IEC 9995. Conformance to ISO/IEC 9995-8 does not require conformance to any other part of ISO/IEC 9995. 4.4 control function: An action that affects the re- cording, processing, transmission, or interpretation of data. 2.3 Claims of conformance 4
12、.5 function key: A key whose primary purpose is the input of a control function. Function keys are Any claim of conformance with ISO/IEC 9995 shall list the parts of ISO/IEC 9995 to which conformance is claimed. found in all sections of the keyboard. 4.6 graphic character: A character, other than a
13、control function, that has a visual representation normally handwritten, printed or displayed. 3 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO/IEC 9995. At the time of publi- cation, the edition indicat
14、ed was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO/IEC 9995 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid In- ternat
15、ional Standards. IS0 9241-4:-l), Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 4: Keyboard requirements. 4 Definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO/IEC 9995, the following definitions apply. 4.1 active position: The character position which is to image th
16、e graphic symbol representing the next graphic character or relative to which the next control function is to be executed. NOTE 1 In general, the active position is indicated in a display by a cursor. 4.7 graphic key: A key whose primary purpose is the input of a graphic character or of an element o
17、f a graphic character. Certain of these keys may also have a secondary purpose for input of a control func- tion. 4.8 graphic symbol: A visual representation of a graphic character, a control function, or a combination of one or more graphic characters and/or control functions. 4.9 group: A logical
18、state of a keyboard providing access to a collection of graphic characters or el- ements of graphic characters. Usually these graphic characters or elements of graphic characters logically belong together and may be arranged on several levels within a group. The input of certain graphic characters,
19、such as accented letters, may require ac- cess to more than one group. 4.10 group select: A function that, if activated, will change the keyboard state to produce characters from a different group. 4.11 key effect: The effect that results when a key is actuated, depending on the level in force, and
20、possibly by the concurrent operation of a qualifier key or keys. The key effect may be the generation of a graphic character or of a control function. 4.2 associated system: The system to which the keyboard is attached, probably consisting of a processor and software to handle the keyboard and to ru
21、n application programs. 4.12 level: A logical state of a keyboard providing access to a collection of graphic characters or el- ements of graphic characters. Usually these graphic characters or elements of graphic characters logically 4.3 capitals lock state: A state that, if activated, belong toget
22、her, such as the capital forms of letters. will result in the generation of the capital form of all In certain cases the level selected may also affect graphic characters on the keyboard for which such a function keys. I) To be published. 2 o ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 9995-1:1994(E) 4.13 level select: A funct
23、ion that, if activated, will change the keyboard state to produce characters from a different level. 4.14 level lock state: A state that, if activated, will result in the generation of the characters assigned to a specific level. 4.15 lock state: The state set by actuating a lock key, singly or in c
24、ombination with a qualifier key. 4.16 primary group layout: The allocation of the graphic characters of group 1 to the keys of a par- ticular keyboard, defined by a national standard or es- tablished by common usage in a particular country or group of countries. 4.17 qualifier key: A key the operati
25、on of which has no immediate effect, but which, for as long as it is actuated, modifies the effect of other keys. A qualifier key may be, for example, a level select key or a con- trol key. 4.18 secondary group layout: The allocation of the graphic characters of group 2 to the keys of a par- ticular
26、 keyboard. 4.19 section: A block of keys, mostly with some functional relationship. 4.20 zone: A part of a keyboard section defined in ISO/IEC 9995. 5 Divisions of the keyboard For the purpose of this standard the keyboard is con- sidered as an intermediate element between a user and an information
27、processing system. The keyboard is specifically intended as a means for input of infor- mation by a human being, see figure 1. Simply stated, the keyboard functions as follows: - - the user actuates one or more keys (event at interface 1) corresponding signals are sent to the information processing
28、system (event at interface 2) For the purpose of this International Standard the keyboard is considered to be divided logically into groups and levels and physically into sections and zones. 5.1 Logical division of keyboard into groups and levels The graphic characters or control functions which may
29、 be accessed by one key are logically arranged in groups and levels. The traditional shift function has been extended to permit access to these different groups and levels. The selection among the available groups and levels is controlled by the user by means of one or more select mechanisms (see ta
30、ble 1). Two kinds of select mechanisms are recognized here: - Group select: enables selection among groups - Level select: enables selection among levels The two functions can apply simultaneously. In a hi- erarchical sense the group is higher than the level; within a group several levels may be def
31、ined. Not drawn to scale - all lines are only indicative Keyboard q llElI USER -s-m-Iou - . Associated system Interface 1 Interface 2 Figure 1 - Keyboard interfaces 3 Q ISO/IEC Table 1 - Logical division into groups and levels Group Select Level Select Active Group and Level I None 1 None 1 Group 1,
32、 Level 1 1 (default = Group 1) Level 2 select Yes Level 3 select Group 1, Level 3 None Group n, Level 1 (To group n) Level 2 select Group n, Level 2 Level 3 select Group n, Level 3 Groups are likely to contain complete or distinctive sets of functions. A keyboard could have any number of groups, pra
33、cticality of use being a limiting factor. Within each group, functions (graphic characters and/or control functions) are arranged on up to three levels. Groups beyond group 1 are accessed via a group sel- ect function. Level 1, formerly called the unshifted level, is accessible without a level selec
34、t function. The level 2 select function provides access to level 2, for- merly called the shifted level. Level 3, which did not exist in previous standards, is accessed through an additional level select function provided for that pur- pose. The concept of selecting groups and levels can be applied
35、to sections of the keyboard other than the al- phanumeric section. 5.2 Physical division of keyboard into sections and zones This subclause introduces the concept of sections and zones. The details of sections and zones are defined in subsequent parts of ISO/IEC 9995. The various functions that can
36、be performed by a keyboard are grouped into four categories, arranged in four keyboard sections as follows: - alphanumeric section, zones ZAO - ZA4; - editing section, zones ZEO - ZE2; - function section, zones ZFO - ZF4; - numeric section, zones ZNO - ZN6. Each of the sections may be regarded as co
37、nsisting of a central core (zone 0) surrounded by other zones which may be used for supporting function keys or other relatzd keys. In figure2 the general arrangement of sections and zones is shown. 6 Requirements 6.1 Placement of sections ITE keyboards including office machine keyboards may consist
38、 of one or more sections all of which are of indeterminate size. Each of the sections can be used in a stand-alone configuration. If an alphanu- meric section is present on the keyboard the physical arrangement of the sections shall be as follows: - editing section, if present, to the right of the a
39、l- phanumeric section q I ZF2 ZFO Not drawn to scale - all lines are only indicative I 1 I , - - - - - - - - - I ZA2 1 I ZAI I 1 -I-, r-J- - I I I ZAO 1 I 1 ZA4 I I 1 1 ZA3 - I I I I I I t ZE2 .-J- Figure 2 - Layout of sections and zones (ZAO to ZA4 Alphanumeric section, ZEO to ZE2 Editing section,
40、ZFO to ZF4 Function section, ZNO to ZN6 Numeric section) 0 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 9995-1:1994(E) - numeric section, if present, to the right of both the alphanumeric section and the editing section, if present - function section, if present, above and/or to the left of the other sections The exact position
41、s are not standardized, but it is preferred that row A of all sections should be aligned (see clause 7). The general arrangement is shown in figure2. 6.2 Methods of indicating allocations to keys A graphic symbol that represents a graphic character or a control function that is allocated to a key in
42、 a particular position on a keyboard, in accordance with ISO/IEC 9995, shall be shown on that key in such a way that the allocation can be observed by the user of the keyboard. The allocation shall be shown by one or more of the following methods, method a) being the usual and preferred one: a) by v
43、isible indications on the keytops in accordance with clause 8 of this part of ISO/IEC 9995; b) by visible indications elsewhere on the keyboard; c) by information contained within a product de- scription that accompanies the keyboard; d) by information made available to the user by means of associat
44、ed equipment that is normally used with the keyboard. If any allocations are shown by either method c) or d), the corresponding product description or other in- formation shall be provided with the keyboard. Each allocation of a control function that is shown as specified above shall be identified e
45、ither by the sym- bol specified in ISO/IEC 9995-7, or by the name specified there, or by an equivalent name in another language. 7 Key position numbering system 7.1 Principle of the grids The numbering system specified in ISO/IEC 9995 is related to a set of layout charts, each based on a grid (inter
46、section of rows and columns). The purpose of each grid is to show the relative position of the keys in the layout of one keyboard section. Grids are specified below for four separate sections: the alpha- numeric section, the editing section, the numeric section, and the function section. Depending o
47、n the user requirements, and for com- patibility with existing keyboards, the grid of the al- phanumeric section can be angled (see figure31 or square (see figure4). ISO/IEC 9995 expresses no preference for either the square or angled alphanu- meric section, nor does it specify the angle. All the se
48、ctions are envisaged as being divided into a number of zones. In the case of the function section the zones are not necessarily contiguous, and the numbering system reflects this. In the case of overlapping sections, the columns af- fected shall be identified by both numbers of the overlapping secti
49、ons. The layout of the grids of the different parts of a key- board are shown in the figures 3 to 7. The reference row and the relevant reference columns have been shaded to permit easy identification. 7.2 Designation of key positions Each key position in each of the grids is identified by the intersection of a row and a column. The rows and the columns are identified as follows: Each row is identified by a capital letter of the Latin alphabet. Row A is designated as the reference row of the al- phanumeric section, the editing section, the numeric section
