1、 INCITS/ISO/IEC TR 11580:2007 2015 (ISO/IEC TR 11580:2007, IDT) Information technology - User Interfaces - Model for describing user interface objects, actions, and attributes (Technical Report) INCITS/ISO/IEC TR 11580:2007 2015 PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accorda
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5、dards) as an American National Standard. Date of Registration: 2/1/2015 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2015 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright cla
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7、c retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1101 K Street NW, Suite 610, Washington DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ii ITIC 2015 All rights reserved Reference numberISO/IEC TR 11580:2007(E)ISO
8、/IEC 2007TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IECTR11580First edition2007-03-15Information technology Framework for describing user interface objects, actions and attributes Technologies de linformation Modle pour dcrire des objets, des actions et des attributs pour linterface utilisateur ISO/IEC TR 11580:2007(E) P
9、DF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, p
10、arties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relati
11、ve to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO/IEC
12、 2007 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the
13、country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2007 All rights reserved ISO/IEC 2007 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword .v Introductio
14、nvi 1 Scope1 2 Terms and definitions .1 3 Modelling objects, actions, and attributes3 4 Common properties of objects, actions, and attributes5 4.1 Software identification of objects, actions, and attributes .5 4.1.1 Internal properties of objects, actions, and attributes 5 4.1.2 Internal properties
15、of implemented objects, actions, and attributes.5 4.1.3 Standard internal identifiers.5 4.1.4 Standard of internal states of objects, actions, and attributes 5 4.1.5 Specification of internal identifiers .6 4.1.6 Implementation of internal identifier .6 4.2 Information properties of objects, actions
16、, and attributes .6 4.2.1 Labels .6 4.2.2 Uniqueness of labels.6 4.2.3 Understandability of labels 6 4.2.4 Descriptions.6 4.2.5 States7 4.2.6 Standard information properties of objects, actions, and attributes.7 4.2.7 Clear and unambiguous purpose 7 4.2.8 Standardized English version of labels, desc
17、riptions, and state information7 4.2.9 Use of information properties of objects, actions, and attributes .7 4.2.10 Result of selection of a label7 4.2.11 User control of labels7 4.2.12 User control of descriptions 7 4.2.13 Standardized translations of labels and descriptions.8 4.2.14 Language of lab
18、els, descriptions, and state information8 4.2.15 Developer based translations of labels and descriptions.8 4.2.16 Implementation of alternate languages.8 4.3 Representation properties of objects, actions, and attributes.8 4.3.1 Use of representation properties of objects, actions, and attributes 8 4
19、.3.2 Textual properties .8 4.3.3 Iconic representation 8 4.3.4 Tonal representation.8 4.3.5 Tactile and Haptic representation9 4.3.6 Standard representation properties of objects, actions, and attributes .9 4.3.7 Variations of representations.9 4.3.8 Cultural and linguistic sensitivity of representa
20、tions .9 4.4 Operational properties of objects, actions, and attributes .9 4.4.1 Separation of operations 9 4.4.2 Selection of an object, action, or attribute9 4.4.3 Obtaining information.10 4.4.4 Modifying values .10 4.4.5 Removing and restoring items.10 4.4.6 Activation of function10 4.5 Technical
21、 specifications.10 5 Optional properties .10 5.1 Attribute specific optional properties .10 ISO/IEC TR 11580:2007(E) iv ISO/IEC 2007 All rights reserved5.1.1 Inclusion of attribute specific optional properties 10 5.1.2 Values 11 5.1.3 Constraints 11 5.1.4 Permitted values . 11 5.1.5 Default values 1
22、1 5.1.6 Higher structure 11 5.1.7 Peer structure 11 5.1.8 Lower structure. 11 5.1.9 Physical structure. 11 5.2 Operation specific optional properties. 11 5.2.1 Inclusion of operational specific optional properties.11 5.2.2 Pre-conditions. 12 5.2.3 Post-conditions. 12 5.2.4 Error conditions 12 Annex
23、A (informative) Developers of this Technical Report. 13 ISO/IEC TR 11580:2007(E) ISO/IEC 2007 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. Nati
24、onal bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest
25、. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the
26、 rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires
27、 approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, the joint technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report of one of the following types: type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International
28、Standard, despite repeated efforts; type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard; type 3, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different
29、 kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example). Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3
30、do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or al
31、l such patent rights. ISO/IEC TR 11580, which is a Technical Report of type 2, was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 35, User interfaces. ISO/IEC TR 11580:2007(E) vi ISO/IEC 2007 All rights reservedIntroduction As end users are involved with
32、 more and more different applications, they use similar or equivalent objects, actions and attributes that have been implemented in very different ways from one another. This leads to an increasing need for developing usable standards for user interface objects, actions and attributes. However, as e
33、ach new standard is proposed, it can choose which aspects to emphasize and which to omit regarding the user interface objects, actions and attributes that it describes. a) The lack of a format for describing user interface objects, actions and attributes has led to a number of different standards be
34、ing developed that only partially describe their names and/or properties. This provides developers with incomplete guidance and leads to the development of similar but incompatible user interface objects, actions and attributes. b) There is an increasing need to provide consistent standards for user
35、 interface objects, actions and attributes. This Technical Report will support this activity. This Technical Report provides a format and guidance for describing and implementing user interface objects, actions and attributes. ISO/IEC TR 11580:2007(E) TECHNICAL REPORT 1 Scope This Technical Report d
36、efines a format for describing user interface objects, actions and attributes. It provides a basis for standardizing the names and properties of user interface objects, actions and attributes across multiple applications and platforms. NOTE User interface objects as defined and discussed in this Tec
37、hnical Report are not necessarily equivalentto objects in the software engineering sense. All elements of the user interface which are separately identifiable by the user can be considered to be user interface objects, regardless of how they are technically implemented. This Technical Report focuses
38、 on their functionalities without specifying a particular method of implementation. This Technical Report contains guidance both on the standardization of user interface objects, actions and attributes and on the implementation of these objects, actions and attributes in any or all modalities. This
39、Technical Report is primarily intended for developers of standards, style guides, and architectures involving user interface objects, actions and attributes. EXAMPLE It is used as the basis for icon-specific accessibility guidance in ISO/IEC 19766. This Technical Report also provides software develo
40、pers with a range of functionalities to be considered in the design of objects, actions and attributes within user interfaces. 2 Terms and definitions 2.1 object user interface objectentity of the user interface that is presented to the user by the software NOTE 1 Object, as defined in this Technica
41、l Report refers to a user interface object (also known as a “user interface element” in ISO 9241-171:2006. These user interface objects may be implemented via any programming method and need not be implemented via object-oriented programming. NOTE 2 User interface objects may or may not be interacti
42、ve. NOTE 3 User interface objects may be containers that serve to group one or more other objects. NOTE 4 Examples of user interface objects in a graphical user interface include window title bars, menu items, push buttons, image maps, editable text fields and various types of containers (such as wi
43、ndows, grouping boxes, menu bars, menus, groups of mutually-exclusive option buttons, and compound images that are made up of several smaller images). Examples of user interface objects in an audio user interface include such things as menus, menu items, messages and action prompts. Examples of user
44、 interface objects in a tactile user interface include such things as tactile controls, Braille pads, tactile maps, soft balls and virtual wells. 2.2 attribute data item that modifies or describes some aspect of an action or an object 1Information technology Framework for describing user interface o
45、bjects, actions and attributes ISO/IEC TR 11580:2007(E) ISO/IEC 2007 All rights reserved NOTE An attribute can be treated as an object. 2.3 action user behaviour that a system accepts as a request for a particular operation EXAMPLES Pressing a key, clicking a mouse button, moving the pointer over an
46、 object, speaking a command. 2.4 operation predefined system behaviour that a user initiates EXAMPLES Sending mail, printing, modifying the data or properties of an object. NOTE A user performs an action or a set of actions to initiate an operation. 2.5 function task-specific operation of an object
47、NOTE Objects can have zero, one or many functions. 2.6 internal identifier language-independent information intended to ensure system-based recognition of a particular user interface object, action or attribute 2.7 state status of an object, action or attribute which is related to the currently perm
48、itted interactions with the object, action or attribute 2.8 label language-dependent information used to name an object, action or attribute NOTE This can include information in various languages, e.g. English, Japanese, Blissymbols. 2.9 description language-dependent set of words used to clarify th
49、e meaning of a particular user interface object, action or attribute for the user 2.10 selection explicitly identifying an object, attribute or operation that is intended as the target for subsequent action NOTE When a mouse is used, selection is performed by clicking once on a mouse button; then, a second click is used to initiate the default function of the selected item. 2.11 selection indication cue that indicates the selected object,
