1、ANSI/INFOCOMM V202.01:2016 InfoComm International Standard Approved as an ANS 2016-05-23 Display Image Size for 2D Content in Audiovisual Systems 11242 Waples Mill Road, Suite 200 Fairfax, VA 22030 infocomm.org +1.703.273.7200 1.800.659.7469 +1.703.278.8082 fax Copyright 2016 by InfoComm Internation
2、al ANSI/INFOCOMM V202.01:2016 Display Image Size for 2D Content in Audiovisual Systems InfoComm International Standard ICS: 33.160 2016-05-23 Abstract This Standard determines required display image size and relative viewing positions according to two defined viewing needs: Basic Decision Making and
3、 Analytical Decision Making. The Standard can be used to design a new space or to assess/modify an existing space, from either drawings or the space itself. It applies to both permanently installed systems and temporary systems. The Standard applies to the overall system and not the performance or e
4、fficiency of any component. Keywords Analytical decision making; audiovisual; audiovisual standard; AV; AV system performance; basic decision making; contrast; contrast ratio; detail; digital signage; display; farthest viewer; front projection; image contrast; image size; InfoComm; information; info
5、rmational display; inspection; presentation; projected image; projection screen; rear projection; system contrast ratio; videoconferencing; viewing angle; viewing distance; visual acuity Disclaimer The application of this Standard is strictly voluntary. InfoComm International recommends its use but
6、does not assume responsibility for misinterpretation or misapplication. InfoComm International does not assume liability for disputes resulting from the non-conformance to this Standard. Conformance does not imply certification of a system. Copyright 2016 by InfoComm International. This Standard may
7、 not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Director of Standards, In
8、foComm International. ISBN: 978-0-939718-38-2 ANSI/INFOCOMM V202.01:2016 Display Image Size for 2D Content in Audiovisual Systems 2016-05-23 2016 by InfoComm International Licensed to purchaser. Page ii Foreword The use of displays to convey information is widespread. Displays are essential to the w
9、orking process in many environments, and viewers depend on the displayed image to convey information in adequate detail. Methods of calculating appropriate image size currently used by audiovisual professionals are not attributable to any particular source and appear to be based on precedent. Theref
10、ore, the task group developing this Standard established new methods and metrics to determine image size. The Standard recognizes that displays are used for different purposes and identifies these purposes according to two viewing categories derived from ANSI/INFOCOMM 3M-2011 Projected Image System
11、Contrast Ratio (PISCR). Having determined the categories within which the system will fall, users of this Standard can determine suitable image size or identify suitable viewing locations within existing installations. When planning a display, audiovisual designers often encounter limitations with d
12、imensions and layout in relation to optimal displayed image size. For instance, a large room size might dictate a large display size that limited ceiling height will restrict. This Standard provides formulas to design and display suitable content. Displays are available in a wide variety of ever-inc
13、reasing resolutions. At one end of the scale, viewers may be unable to discern required content due to displays that lack sufficient resolution. At the other end of the scale, high resolutions can negatively affect the viewing experience by rendering objects too small for viewing from typical viewin
14、g distances. This Standard addresses image height, image resolution, and the size of image content as prescriptive elements when determining required image size. The Standard addresses closest and farthest viewing distances, as well as relative horizontal and vertical viewer locations. Image size re
15、quirements for a display are determined by the application, the nature of the content, and the significance of the content to the viewer. Image size is but one element of a system-based approach that includes the display, its resolution, the image size relative to viewing positions, and both the vie
16、wing requirements and the visual acuity of the viewer. The ability to perceive and assimilate visual information (visual acuity) is a defining factor in determining image size. Visual acuity is expressed in subtended arc minutes, which is the metric that describes the perceived size of an object rel
17、ative to viewing distance. Individual visual acuity varies and decays with age. Users of the Standard should note that proper display image size will not correct a negative viewing experience if content has unsuitable viewing element height (e.g., font size) or degraded images. This Standard is limi
18、ted to displayed image size determination and does not include testing and measurement of related display factors, including display luminance, contrast, display resolution, or other factors relating to the resultant condition of the displayed image. About InfoComm International InfoComm Internation
19、al is the global trade association representing the commercial audiovisual and information communications industries, representing more than 5,000 member companies and 70,000 AV professionals worldwide, including manufacturers, systems integrators, dealers and distributors, independent consultants,
20、programmers, rental and staging companies, end users and multimedia professionals from more than 80 countries. Additional information is available at www.infocomm.org. About ANSI The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary consensus- based standards deve
21、lopment requiring a balance of directly and materially affected interests and the right to appeal. ANSI is the country representative to ISO and IEC for the United States. For more information, visit www.ansi.org. ANSI/INFOCOMM V202.01:2016 Display Image Size for 2D Content in Audiovisual Systems 20
22、16-05-23 2016 by InfoComm International Licensed to purchaser. Page iii InfoComm International Standards Development InfoComm International maintains a Standards Steering Committee that provides oversight to the standards development task groups responsible for specific standards. The Standards Stee
23、ring Committee is the consensus body that reports to the InfoComm International Board of Directors. At the time of this Standards development and approval, contributors names and affiliations are as shown: DISPLAY IMAGE SIZE FOR 2D CONTENT IN AUDIOVISUAL SYSTEMS TASK GROUP Greg Jeffreys, Visual Disp
24、lays Ltd., Moderator Michael Bialas, Anadarko Petroleum Michael Comiskey, CTS, AECOM Steven Douglas, Central Washington University Mitch Dudman, CTS, CBCI Telecom Canada Michael Field, M.Ed., CTS, ACE, Temple University Steve Mills, CTS-D, CTSI Peter Pekurar, CQE, CET, Christie Digital Systems Dick
25、Tollberg, CTS-D, AVI-SPL INFOCOMM INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS STEERING COMMITTEE Jason Brameld, BSc (Hons) ARCS, MInstSCE, Torpedo Factory Group, Chair Jason Antinori, CTS-D, TELUS Communications Company John Bailey, CTS-D, CTS-I, Whitlock David Barnett, CTS-D, The Sextant Group Greg Bronson, CTS-D, DMC
26、-E, Cornell University John Monitto, Meyer Sound Richard Morrison, BE (Computer Systems), Prince2, CPEng, AECOM Donald Palmer, Administrative Office of the United States Courts Read Wineland, CTS, Biamp Systems INFOCOMM INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS STAFF Ann Brigida, CTS, CStd, Director of Standards Mich
27、elle Streffon, CTS, Standards Manager Page Mori, Standards Developer NOTE: The task group thanks Dick Tollberg for his contribution of the informative annexes 6.1, 6.2, and 6.5 in addition to all of the mathematical expertise he provided during the development of this Standard. ANSI/INFOCOMM V202.01
28、:2016 Display Image Size for 2D Content in Audiovisual Systems 2016-05-23 2016 by InfoComm International Licensed to purchaser. Page iv Table of Contents 1. Scope, Purpose, and Application 6 Scope 6 1.1.Purpose . 6 1.2.Application 6 1.3.Exceptions 6 1.4. 2. Referenced Publications . 7 Normative Refe
29、rences 7 2.1.Informative References . 7 2.2. 3. Definitions 7 Abbreviations 7 3.1.Definitions . 8 3.2. 4. Requirements 9 Planning or Assessing Displayed Image System Requirements for the Space 9 4.1.Viewing Category Descriptions . 9 4.2.Basic Decision Making Only . 9 4.3.Analytical Decision Making O
30、nly . 12 4.4.Both Basic and Analytical Decision Making 13 4.5. 5. Verification of Conformance 14 Conformance 14 5.1.Verification Sheet 14 5.2.Drawings . 14 5.3. 6. Informative Annexes 17 Derivation of Acuity Factors 17 6.1.Deriving the Acuity Factor for Analytical Decision Making 17 6.1.1.Deriving t
31、he Acuity Factor for Basic Decision Making . 18 6.1.2.Derivation of Width for Closest Viewer Calculations 19 6.2.Deriving the Vertical Viewing Factor 19 6.2.1.Deriving the Closest Viewer based on the Vertical Viewing Factor 19 6.2.2.Deriving the Closest Viewer based on the Horizontal Viewing 20 6.2.
32、3.Expanded Viewing Categories 24 6.3.Example Verification Sheet . 25 6.4.Example Plan View and Elevation Drawings 26 6.5.Vocabulary and Terms 28 6.1. ANSI/INFOCOMM V202.01:2016 Display Image Size for 2D Content in Audiovisual Systems 2016-05-23 2016 by InfoComm International Licensed to purchaser. P
33、age v Table of Figures Figure 1 Showing Farthest Viewer Boundaries based on content size (%EH) 15 Figure 2 Showing Closest Viewer Elevation Drawing for BDM . 16 Figure 3 Example showing boundary conformance at 1080 and parameters for ADM . 16 Figure 4 Depiction of Viewing Angle 17 Figure 5 Vertical
34、Viewing Factor 19 Figure 6 Closest viewer based on horizontal viewing 20 Figure 7 Closest viewer based on horizontal viewing and vertical viewing factor . 21 Figure 8 Simplified closest viewer 22 Figure 9 Closest Viewing Area . 23 Figure 10 Example of Plan View and Elevation Drawing showing required
35、 measurements . 26 Figure 11 Example of Plan View Drawing showing required measurements 27 ANSI/INFOCOMM V202.01:2016 Display Image Size for 2D Content in Audiovisual Systems 2016-05-23 2016 by InfoComm International Page 6 1. Scope, Purpose, and Application Scope 1.1. This Standard defines the calc
36、ulations required to determine minimum image size relative to viewing locations in both new and existing installations whether fixed or temporary. This Standard applies to the overall system and not the performance or efficiency of any component. This Standard uses two out of four viewing categories
37、 defined in ANSI/INFOCOMM 3M-2011, Projected Image System Contrast Ratio as further described in the Application section below. This Standard should be used in conjunction with related standards for displayed images where applicable. Purpose 1.2. This Standard provides measurement and reporting meth
38、odologies for the assessment, documentation, and categorization of new and existing audiovisual systems. The Standard will assist professionals engaged in the design of audiovisual systems determine appropriate displayed image sizes. The Standard provides a calculation/assessment tool for determinin
39、g proper display image size based upon viewer needs as defined under two main categories. When planning a display, audiovisual designers often encounter limitations with dimensions and layout in relation to optimal displayed image size. This Standard provides formulas to design and display suitable
40、content. Application 1.3. This Standard can be used to: Plan and design new displayed image systems Determine image size relative to space and viewing requirements Determine Closest and Farthest Viewer Positions Determine horizontal angles of view Provide metrics for content design Use of this Stand
41、ard is intended for display images in fixed and temporary installations. Exceptions are noted below. This Standard uses two viewing requirement categories: Basic Decision Making and Analytical Decision Making. These categories are defined in ANSI/INFOCOMM 3M-2011, Projected Image System Contrast Rat
42、io and have been expanded. Users select corresponding calculations to determine the required image size and conforming viewing locations. A chart defining both viewing categories in greater detail can be found in Annex 6.3. Exceptions 1.4. This Standard does not: Consider quality and aesthetic issue
43、s with regard to content (e.g., focus, color, contrast). Include factors such as contrast, luminance, color rendition, and video motion rendition. Apply to personal viewing displays (e.g., cell/mobile phones and tablets). Apply to single-user displays (e.g., computer monitors, laptop screens). Apply
44、 to 3D images. Apply to screens that are not in the vertical plane (e.g., tilted screen). ANSI/INFOCOMM V202.01:2016 Display Image Size for 2D Content in Audiovisual Systems 2016-05-23 2016 by InfoComm International Page 7 Apply to Full Motion Video and Passive Viewing categories identified in ANSI/
45、INFOCOMM 3M-2011, 3M Projected Image System Contrast Ratio (PISCR). Apply to images outside of single-image landscape format. Apply to curved displays. Apply to systems where viewers can move as close to the image as they choose. However, the formulas provided in the Standard may be used for guidanc
46、e. Apply to displays used in an interactive manner. However, the formulas provided in the Standard may be used for guidance. 2. Referenced Publications Normative References 2.1. The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. A
47、t the time of approval, the editions indicated below were valid. Because standards are periodically revised, users should consult the latest revision approved by the sponsoring Standards Developing Organizations: There are no normative references for this Standard. Informative References 2.2. The fo
48、llowing publications contain information that support the design and application of this Standard, but are not required provisions of the Standard: ANSI/INFOCOMM 3M-2011, Projected Image System Contrast Ratio ANSI/HFES 100-2007, Human Factors Engineering of Computer Workstations Peter G.J. Barten Kn
49、egsel, Contrast Ratio Sensitivity of the Human Eye and its Effects on Image Quality, (HV Press, 1999) Hongyi Cai, Ph.D., and Paul A. Green, Ph.D., Legibility Index for Examining Common Viewing Situations: A New Definition Using Solid Angle Peter G. Engeldrum, Psychometric Scaling: A Toolkit for Imaging Systems Development, (Imcotek Press, 2009) MIL-STD-1472G, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DESIGN CRITERIA STANDARD: HUMAN ENGINEERING (United States Government,
