1、Performance Monitoring for Nuclear Safety-RelatedInstrument Channels inNuclear Power Plants Approved 24 May 2002ANSI/ISA67.06.012002FormerlyISA67.061984AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDISA The Instrumentation,Systems, andAutomation Society TMANSI/ISA-67.06.01-2002Performance Monitoring for Nuclear Safety-R
2、elated Instrument Channels in Nuclear Power PlantsISBN: 1-55617-818-2Copyright 2002 by ISAThe Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society of America. All rightsreserved. Not for resale. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval
3、system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic,mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the Publisher.ISA67 Alexander DriveP. O. Box 12277Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 3 ANSI/ISA-67.06.01-2002PrefaceThis preface, as w
4、ell as all annexes and footnotes, is included for information purposes and is not a part ofANSI/ISA-67.06.01-2002.The standards referenced within this document may contain provisions which, through reference in thistext, constitute requirements of this document. At the time of publication, the editi
5、ons indicated were valid.All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this document are encouragedto investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated within thisdocument. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently va
6、lid International Standards. ANSImaintain registers of currently valid U.S. National Standards.This document has been prepared as part of the service of ISA - The Instrumentation, Systems, andAutomation Society, toward a goal of uniformity in the field of instrumentation. To be of real value, thisdo
7、cument should not be static but should be subject to periodic review. Toward this end, the Societywelcomes all comments and criticisms and asks that they be addressed to the Secretary, Standards andPractices Board; ISA; 67 Alexander Drive; P. O. Box 12277; Research Triangle Park, NC 27709;Telephone
8、(919) 549-8411; Fax (919) 549-8288; E-mail: standardsisa.org. The ISA Standards and Practices Department is aware of the growing need for attention to the metricsystem of units in general, and the International System of Units (SI) in particular, in the preparation ofinstrumentation standards. The D
9、epartment is further aware of the benefits to USA users of ISA standardsof incorporating suitable references to the SI (and the metric system) in their business and professionaldealings with other countries. Toward this end, this Department will endeavor to introduce SI-acceptablemetric units in all
10、 new and revised standards, recommended practices, and technical reports to thegreatest extent possible. Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern MetricSystem, published by the American Society for Testing rather, in addition to providing guidance in response time testi
11、ng techniques, it isintended to describe methods that could be useful to monitor the performance of protection as well asprocess instrumentation systems. The standard does not intend to describe a testing program ortechniques that can be implemented by themselves, but rather to provide information o
12、n methods thatcould be useful in developing an effective monitoring program. This standard is considered to becomplementary to IEEE 338-1987.CAUTION ISA ADHERES TO THE POLICY OF THE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDSINSTITUTE WITH REGARD TO PATENTS. IF ISA IS INFORMED OF AN EXISTING PATENT THAT ISREQUIRED
13、FOR USE OF THE STANDARD, IT WILL REQUIRE THE OWNER OF THE STANDARD TOEITHER GRANT A ROYALTY-FREE LICENSE FOR USE OF THE PATENT BY USERS COMPLYINGWITH THE STANDARD OR A LICENSE ON REASONABLE TERMS AND CONDITIONS THAT AREFREE FROM UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION.EVEN IF ISA IS UNAWARE OF ANY PATENT COVERING THI
14、S STANDARD, THE USER ISCAUTIONED THAT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STANDARD MAY REQUIRE USE OF TECHNIQUES,PROCESSES, OR MATERIALS COVERED BY PATENT RIGHTS. ISA TAKES NO POSITION ON THEEXISTENCE OR VALIDITY OF ANY PATENT RIGHTS THAT MAY BE INVOLVED IN IMPLEMENTINGTHE STANDARD. ISA IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR IDE
15、NTIFYING ALL PATENTS THAT MAYREQUIRE A LICENSE BEFORE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STANDARD OR FOR INVESTIGATINGTHE VALIDITY OR SCOPE OF ANY PATENTS BROUGHT TO ITS ATTENTION. THE USER SHOULDCAREFULLY INVESTIGATE RELEVANT PATENTS BEFORE USING THE STANDARD FOR THEUSERS INTENDED APPLICATION. 5 ANSI/ISA-67.06.
16、01-2002HOWEVER, ISA ASKS THAT ANYONE REVIEWING THIS STANDARD WHO IS AWARE OF ANYPATENTS THAT MAY IMPACT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STANDARD NOTIFY THE ISASTANDARDS AND PRACTICES DEPARTMENT OF THE PATENT AND ITS OWNER.ADDITIONALLY, THE USE OF THIS STANDARD MAY INVOLVE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS,OPERATIONS OR EQU
17、IPMENT. THE STANDARD CANNOT ANTICIPATE ALL POSSIBLEAPPLICATIONS OR ADDRESS ALL POSSIBLE SAFETY ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH USE INHAZARDOUS CONDITIONS. THE USER OF THIS STANDARD MUST EXERCISE SOUNDPROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT CONCERNING ITS USE AND APPLICABILITY UNDER THE USERSPARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES. THE USER
18、MUST ALSO CONSIDER THE APPLICABILITY OFANY GOVERNMENTAL REGULATORY LIMITATIONS AND ESTABLISHED SAFETY AND HEALTHPRACTICES BEFORE IMPLEMENTING THIS STANDARD.THE USER OF THIS DOCUMENT SHOULD BE AWARE THAT THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE IMPACTEDBY ELECTRONIC SECURITY ISSUES. THE COMMITTEE HAS NOT YET ADDRESSED T
19、HEPOTENTIAL ISSUES IN THIS VERSION.The following people served as members of ISA Subcommittee SP67.06:NAME COMPANYJ. Redmon, Chairman* Southern California Edison CompanyR. Webb, Managing Director Altran CorporationR. Adams IBM CompanyD. Alexander Detroit Edison CompanyR. Allen ConsultantJ. Alvis* Du
20、ke Engineering ServicesJ. Arpin ABB Combustion Engineering, Inc.J. Ashcraft Tenera Engineering ServicesM. Assard ABB Combustion EngineeringB. Basu* Southern California Edison CompanyB. Beuchel NAESCOM. Belew SAICP. Blanch ConsultantM. Burns* Arizona Public Service CompanyR. Calvert* Pacific Gas it i
21、s oftenexpressed as inaccuracy.3.2 calibration:a process of achieving an input/output relationship for an instrument channel so it conforms withinspecified requirements to the desired relationship.3.3 channel check:a qualitative comparison of the readings of two or more instrument channels to determ
22、ine the operability ofthe channel that may be (1) the comparison of redundant channels that monitor the same processparameter, (2) the comparison of instruments that cover different process variable ranges at a commonpoint on their scales, or (3) the comparison of diverse channels whose inputs have
23、a known relationship toeach other, such as steam pressure and temperature.3.4 cross calibration:a procedure of intercomparison of the indications among similar channels under conditions where theprocess variables are expected to indicate the same value, such as temperature and/or pressure, or tohave
24、 a known relationship to each other.3.5 design basis:information that identifies the specific functions to be performed by a structure, system, component, or afacility, and the specific values or ranges of values chosen for controlling parameters as reference boundsfor design. These values may be ei
25、ther (1) restraints derived from generally accepted “state-of-the-art“practices for achieving functional goals, or (2) requirements derived from analysis (based on calculationand/or experiments) of the effects of a postulated event for which a structure, system, or component mustmeet its functional
26、goals.3.6 direct test method:a test method that substitutes a controlled parameter for the monitored process parameter and can bemodulated to demonstrate the performance of the instrument channel.3.7 diverse parameter:instruments that use different measurement principles to obtain the value of a giv
27、en monitored processvariable as distinct from redundant instruments.ANSI/ISA-67.06.01-2002 14 3.8 drift:a variation in sensor or instrument channel output that may occur between calibrations that cannot berelated to changes in the process variable or environmental conditions.3.9 functional tests:tes
28、ts to determine the ability of a component or system to perform its intended function, which may includefor instrument channels the injection of test signals of appropriate magnitude to give the appropriateoutput.3.10 impulse line:piping or tubing connecting the process to the sensor. (See ANSI/ISA-
29、51.1-1979 R1993, referenced inAnnex A.)3.11 indirect test:a test that measures a quantity other than the process parameter. The value of the desired parameter isdetermined using the measured quantity and its known relationship to the process parameter of interest.3.12 in situ tests:tests of an instr
30、ument channel that are performed without removing the sensor or component from itsnormal installed position in the system. These tests may include calibration, time response, dynamicperformance, dynamic range, etc. The tests may require system bypass or process maneuvers.3.13 instrument channel (loo
31、p):arrangement of components and modules as required to sense, interpret, act on, transmit, and display thevalue of a process variable.3.14 instrument channel response time:the elapsed time for the monitored process variable to initiate a protective trip action for a known change ofthe process varia
32、ble.3.15 monitoring:the acquisition of data and the recording of the performance characteristics of instrument sensors,channels, or systems that may be used for trending, signal validation, or maintenance planning.3.16 nuclear safety-related (NSR):that which is essential to provide fora) emergency r
33、eactor shutdown;b) containment isolation;c) reactor core cooling;d) containment or reactor heat removal; ore) prevention or mitigation of significant release of radioactive material into the environment, or thatwhich is otherwise essential to provide reasonable assurance that a nuclear power plant c
34、an beoperated without undue risk to the health and safety of the public.3.17 on-line monitoring:the assessment of instrument performance and calibration while the instrumentation is in service. 15 ANSI/ISA-67.06.01-20023.18 performance limits:the limits defining the quantitative static and dynamic c
35、haracteristics of the input and output subsystemsmeasured during the operation/surveillance of the instrument channel for a given environmental condition(e.g., radiation, humidity, temperature, electromagnetic field, etc.). Instrument channel accuracy, responsetime, and stability are some of the att
36、ributes of performance limits.3.19 range:the span of inputs to a sensor or instrument channel over which the output indication is valid and withinaccuracy and response time limits.3.20 redundant instruments:independent instruments that use the same measuring principles to provide an indication of a
37、particularmonitored process variable, which may include instruments manufactured by different sources, channelsthat are comprised of different signal-processing components, or channels that provide both analog anddigital output indications (e.g., multiple thermocouples but not combinations of a ther
38、mocouple and aresistance temperature detector RTD to measure the same temperature). (See 3.7, diverse parameter.)3.21 response time:the time required for an output resulting from an application of a specified input under specified operatingconditions. (See ANSI/ISA-51.1-1979 R1993, referenced in Ann
39、ex A.)3.22 sensor:the portion of a channel that responds to changes in a process variable and converts the measuredprocess variable into an instrument signal. (See ANSI/ISA-51.1-1979 R1993, referenced in Annex A.)3.23 setpoint:a predetermined level at which a device changes state to indicate that th
40、e quantity under surveillance hasreached the selected value.3.24 span:the algebraic difference between the upper and lower range-values.NOTE 1 For example:Range 0 to 150 F, Span 150 FRange 20 to 200 F, Span 220 FRange 20 to 150 C, Span 130 CNOTE 2 The following compound terms are used with suitable
41、modifications to the units: measured variable span, measuredsignal span, etc.NOTE 3 For multi-range devices, this definition applies to the particular range that the device is set to measure. (See ANSI/ISA-51.1-1979 R1993, referenced in Annex A.)3.25 stability:the ability of a component or device to
42、 maintain its normal operating characteristics over time after beingsubjected to changes in temperature, environment, or current.3.26 test interval:the elapsed time between the tests to monitor the performance of the instrument channels.3.27 time constant:the time that it takes for the output for a
43、first order system to reach 63.2 percent of its final steady-stateoutput in response to a step change in input. Time constant is mathematically defined as the value T in anexponential response term Ae(-t/T)or in one of the transform factors (1 + sT), (1 + jwT), 1/(1 + sT),1/(1 + jwT) whereANSI/ISA-6
44、7.06.01-2002 16 s = complex variable equal to jw;t = time, seconds;T = time constant;j= 1- ; andw = angular velocity, radians per second.NOTE For the output of a first-order system forced by a step or an impulse, T is the time required to complete 63.2 percent ofthe total rise or decay at any instan
45、t during the process. T is the quotient of the instantaneous rate-of-change divided into thechange still to be completed. In higher order systems, there is a time constant for each of the first-order components of theprocess. In a Bode diagram, break points occur at w = 1/T. (See ANSI/ISA-51.1-1979
46、R1993, referenced in Annex A.)3.28 transducer:see 3.22 sensor.3.29 trending:the process of obtaining instrument data over time to form a history of the instrument channel or itscomponents (e.g., calibration) or compared to redundant instruments (e.g., cross-calibration/comparison)to determine if the
47、 performance has been affected.4 Performance monitoringPerformance monitoring is the process of demonstrating that an installed instrument channel (within thedefined environmental conditions) continues to perform its intended function(s) of monitoring the processvariable with the expected accuracy,
48、response time, and stability within its range and providing theoutput(s) required.Various types of tests are typically required to provide verification of all required aspects of instrumentchannel performance. The objectives of the performance monitoring can be fulfilled through individualapplicatio
49、n or combinations of the following:a) Calibrationb) Channel checksc) Functional testsd) Response time testsExamples of how the above processes can be used to verify required aspects of instrument channelperformance or, conversely, to determine possible instrument channel degradation are shown in Annex C,tables C.1 and C.2.5 General requirements for performance monitoring5.1 General criteriaPerformance monitoring shall be conducted to verify that the nuclear safety-related instrument channelsare functioning within their allowable performance limits
