1、 STANDARD ANSI/ISA77.20.01-2012 Fossil Fuel Power Plant Simulators: Functional Requirements Revised 9 February 2012Copyright 2012 ISA. All rights reserved. ANSI/ISA-77.20.01-2012 Fossil-Fuel Power Plant Simulators Functional Requirements ISBN 978-1-937560-16-4 Copyright 2012 by ISA. All rights reser
2、ved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISA 67 Alexand
3、er Drive P.O Box 12277 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 www.isa.orgANSI/ISA-77.20.01-2012 Copyright 2012 ISA. All rights reserved. 3 Preface This preface, as well as all footnotes and annexes, is included for information purposes and is not part of ANSI/ISA-77.20.01-2012. This document h
4、as been prepared as part of the service of ISA toward a goal of uniformity in the field of instrumentation. To be of real value, this document should not be static but should be subject to periodic review. Toward this end, the Society welcomes all comments and criticisms and asks that they be addres
5、sed to the Secretary, Standards and Practices Board; ISA; 67 Alexander Drive; P. O. Box 12277; Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709; Telephone (919) 549-8411; Fax (919) 549-8288; E-mail: standardsisa.org. The ISA Standards and Practices Department is aware of the growing need for attention to the metri
6、c system of units in general, and the International System of Units (SI) in particular, in the preparation of instrumentation standards. The Department is further aware of the benefits to USA users of ISA standards of incorporating suitable references to the SI (and the metric system) in their busin
7、ess and professional dealings with other countries. Toward this end, this Department will endeavor to introduce SI-acceptable metric units in all new and revised standards, recommended practices, and technical reports to the greatest extent possible. Standard for Use of the International System of U
8、nits (SI): The Modern Metric System, published by the American Society for Testing b) feedwater flow to steam flow; and c) main and auxiliary steam systems. 3) As a minimum, the simulator-computed value of critical parameters for steady-state, full power operation with the reference plant control sy
9、stem configuration shall be stable and shall not vary more than 2% of the measuring instrument range as observed in the reference plant. Consideration should be given to specifying the allowable deviation of individual critical parameters in process units. 4) The simulator-computed values of critica
10、l parameters shall agree within 2% of the reference plant parameters explicitly stated in process units at greater than 25% load and shall not detract from training. Typical critical parameters are defined in 6.1.1. 5) The calculated values of noncritical parameters pertinent to plant operation, tha
11、t are included on the simulator control room panels, shall agree within the ranges of 10% of the reference plant parameters and shall not detract from training. 6.1.1 Critical parameters Critical parameters are those related to plant principles of energy and mass balance. Typical critical parameters
12、 are as follows: 1) Main steam flow and pressure 2) Feedwater flow 3) Generated electrical power 4) Process steam flows, LP, IP, and HP 5) Superheat and reheat spray flow 6) Superheat outlet temperature and pressure 7) HP turbine inlet temperature and pressure 8) HP turbine first-stage pressure 9) H
13、ot reheat temperature and pressure at the reheater outlet 10) Condenser pressure 11) Fuel flow 12) Combustion air flow Consideration should be given to other parameters, such as environmental parameters. ANSI/ISA-77.20.01-2012 Copyright 2012 ISA. All rights reserved. 16 6.2 Transient operations Tran
14、sient operations include malfunctions, abnormal operations, and any non-steady-state plant condition. Simulation performance under transient conditions shall meet the following criteria: 1) Where applicable, it shall be the same as the plant start-up test procedure acceptance criteria. 2) The observ
15、able change in the parameters shall correspond in direction to those expected from a best estimate for the simulated transient and shall not violate the physical laws of nature. 3) The simulator shall not fail to cause an alarm or automatic action if the reference plant would have caused an alarm or
16、 automatic action, and, conversely, the simulator shall not cause an alarm or automatic action if the reference plant would not have caused an alarm or automatic action. 4) The overall system transient characteristics time shall be within 20% of the reference plant when under the same operating cond
17、itions. Malfunctions and transients not tested in accordance with 1- 4 shall be tested and compared to best estimate or other available information and shall meet the performance criteria of 2. 7 Simulator testing 7.1 Simulator performance testing Simulator performance shall be established by prepar
18、ing a simulator performance test, conducting the test, and comparing the simulators performance with the simulator design data within the requirements of Section 6, Performance criteria. Testing shall be conducted and a report prepared for each of the following occasions: 1) Completion of initial co
19、nstruction 2) Simulator design changes that result in significant simulator configuration or performance variations. When a limited change is made, a specific performance test on the affected systems and components shall be performed. The intent of simulator performance testing is to: a) verify over
20、all simulator model completeness and integration; b) verify simulator performance against the steady-state criteria of 6.1 (Steady-state operation); and c) verify simulator performance against the transient criteria of 6.2 (Transient operations) for a benchmark set of transients. 7.2 Simulator hardw
21、are testing Simulator hardware testing shall include all trainee environments provided by the simulator. These are: 1) Panel/control station simulation: a) control and piping mimics; b) location and spacing of control panels; and c) size, shape, and configuration of panel/control panels. 2) Control
22、of the panels: a) identification labels on meters, recorders, switches, controllers, etc.; b) annunciator labeling and terminology; and c) form and units of displayed plant information. 3) Control room environment: a) location and availability of plant communication systems; b) location and intensit
23、y of control room lighting; and c) type and level of noise for the plant equipment. ANSI/ISA-77.20.01-2012 Copyright 2012 ISA. All rights reserved. 17 7.3 Simulator system testing Simulator system testing shall include all provided simulator system training capabilities as well as computer performan
24、ce. These include the following: 1) Simulator control features: a) Run/freeze simulator models b) Initialization of initial conditions c) Inserting and removing malfunctions d) Manipulating external parameters and remote functions e) Backtrack f) Record and playback g) Snapshot h) Slow time i) Fast
25、time j) Trainee monitoring 2) Initial conditions: a) Cold start b) Hot start c) Hot start after unit trip d) Turbine on turning gear e) Ready for turbine synchronization f) Half load g) Full load 3) Malfunctions: a) Control valve failures b) Primary sensing element failures c) Heat exchanger fouling
26、 d) Utility systems failure e) Tube/pipeline rupture 4) Simulation computer performance: a) Spare computation time b) Spare memory capacity 8 Design control The simulator shall be designed and maintained using a consistent design control strategy to meet the following objectives: 1) Ensure that the
27、simulator meets the functional/performance requirements given in the technical specification. 2) Ensure that the simulator meets the training objectives. 3) Ensure that the design of the simulator can be traced at all times to a database that defines all critical features of the reference plant. The
28、 reference plant need not be a physical plant, but could be a hypothetical plant, provided a consistent set of data is maintained. 4) Ensure that any changes made to the simulator, either during initial design and manufacture or subsequent to its being placed in service, are carried out in a control
29、led way and are subject to appropriate levels of review and approval. The design control strategy shall include the following activities: 1) Review and verification of the initial design against the simulators technical specifications ANSI/ISA-77.20.01-2012 Copyright 2012 ISA. All rights reserved. 1
30、8 2) Establishment of a deficiency review plan to identify and correct discrepancies in the simulator 3) Review of the simulators performance with respect to the technical specifications 4) Maintenance of the reference plant design and performance database that allows simulator design traceability 5
31、) Establishment of a system to identify, request, approve, and implement changes to the simulator. This system should maintain configuration control and traceability to the reference plant. 9 Documentation Simulator documentation shall be provided to allow the simulator staff to install, operate, an
32、d maintain the simulator over its life cycle. Documentation requirements may vary, depending upon the type of simulator considered. Guidelines for documentation requirements for each type of simulator are given in Annex D. 9.1 Instructor documentation The instructor documentation should provide the
33、simulator instructors with sufficiently detailed information to start up, shut down, and operate the simulator during a training session. The documentation should include an overview of the plant and of the systems simulated. It should provide the instructor with a clear understanding of the plant m
34、odel simulation capabilities and limitations as well as the simulated operating procedures. It should also include the information necessary for the instructor to fully understand the simulator training features and to effectively apply them in a training exercise. As a minimum, the instructor docum
35、entation should include the following: 1) Simulator operational manual 2) Instructor manual 9.2 Software documentation The software documentation should provide the simulator software staff with the information necessary to maintain and modify the simulator software. The software documentation shoul
36、d include information that is related to the computer vendor software, instructor station software, plant simulation software, executive software, and the software tools necessary for software modification and maintenance. As a minimum, the software documentation should include the following: 1) Ref
37、erence manuals for all computer vendor software 2) Reference manuals for all simulator vendor tools necessary for software modification and maintenance 3) Plant model functional specifications, including simulation diagrams, simplifications, scope of simulation, and interfaces 4) Plant model detaile
38、d design documentation, including model derivation and assumptions, algorithm development, block diagrams or flow charts, and data calculations 9.3 Hardware documentation The simulator hardware documentation should provide the hardware maintenance staff with sufficiently detailed information to main
39、tain, modify, and troubleshoot the simulator hardware. The documentation should include an overview that describes the simulator configuration and its component hardware, including cross-references to system-specific documents. As a minimum, the documentation should include the following for each si
40、mulator component: ANSI/ISA-77.20.01-2012 Copyright 2012 ISA. All rights reserved. 19 1) Operational manuals 2) Installation manuals 3) Maintenance and repair manuals 4) Full set of drawings 5) Wiring lists ANSI/ISA-77.20.01-2012 Copyright 2012 ISA. All rights reserved. 20 ANSI/ISA-77.20.01-2012 Cop
41、yright 2012 ISA. All rights reserved. 21 Annex A - Three types of simulators This annex is not a part of ANSI/ISA-77.20.01-2012 Fossil-Fuel Power Plant Simulators Functional Requirements. This annex describes three types of simulators and lists the key defining characteristics of each: A.1 Full-scop
42、e, high-realism simulator: The full-scope, high-realism simulator is an exact duplicate of a power plant control room, containing duplicates of all actual controls, instruments, panels, and indicators. The unit responses simulated on this apparatus are identical in time and indication to the respons
43、es received in the actual plant control room under similar conditions. A significant portion of the expense encountered with this type of simulator is the high-fidelity simulation software that must be developed to drive it. The completeness of training using a full-scope simulator is obviously much
44、 greater than that available on other simulator types since the operator is performing in an environment that is identical to that of the control room. Experienced operators can be effectively retrained on this simulator because the variety of conditions, malfunctions, and situations offered do not
45、cause the operator to become bored with the training or to learn it by rote. The major drawback of a full-scope, high-realism simulator is its high cost and long lead time, typically two to three years. Relative advantages and disadvantages of the full-scope simulator are shown in Table A.1. Table A
46、.1 Advantages and disadvantages of the full-scope simulator Advantages Disadvantages 1. Duplicate of unit control room. 1. Highest cost. 2. Capability limited only by capability of instructor. 2. Longest lead time. 3. Any condition or malfunction possible in real plant can be replicated on the simul
47、ator. 3. Highest overhead and maintenance costs. 4. Effective training for experienced operators. 4. No portability. 5. Up to four trainees may operate simulator at once. 5. Requires special environmental controls/equipment. 6. Virtually all instructor aids are available. 6. Specially trained comput
48、er technician advisable. 7. Plant operating procedures can be validated on simulator. 7. Large space required for housing simulator. 8. Spare time on simulator is highly marketable. 8. Highest training cost per hour per trainee of all types of simulators. 9. Can be used for instrumentation and contr
49、ol training. 9. Requires dedicated, highly qualified instructors. 10. Simulator must be upgraded each time the plant is modified. A.2 Reduced-scope, high-realism simulator: If cost were not a prime consideration, a full-scope, high-realism simulator would probably be the choice of most installations. One means to reduce the cost of the simulator is to limit the scope of both hardware and software simulation. Although such a simulator is not identical to an actual control room, all key instrumentation, controls, and plant models (typically 80% or ANSI/ISA-77.20.01-2012 Copyright 2
