1、 ASAE/ISO 9191:1991 OCT2001 (R2017) Lawn and garden ride-on (riding) tractors Three-point hitch American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of engineering applicable to agricultur
2、al, food, and biological systems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural field equipment, farmstead equipment, structures, s
3、oil and water resource management, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering, electric power applications, plant and animal environment, and waste management. NOTE: ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data are informational and advisory only. Their use by
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6、Engineering Practices and Data approved after July of 2005 are designated as “ASABE”. Standards designated as “ANSI” are American National Standards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE. Adoption as an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due proc
7、ess, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majo
8、rity, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. CAUTION NOTICE: ASABE and ANSI standards may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Additionally, procedures of ASABE require that action be
9、 taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw each standard. Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. AIl rights reserved. ASABE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Ml 49085-9659, USA, phone 269-429-0300, fax 269-429-3852, hqasabe.org ASAE/ISO 9191:1991 OCT2001 (R2017) C
10、opyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 1ASAE/ISO 9191:1991 OCT2001 (R2017) Approved November 2011; reaffirmed January 2017 as an American National Standard Lawn and garden ride-on (riding) tractors Three-point hitch These materials are subject to copyright claims of ISO a
11、nd ASABE. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ASABE. All requests pertaining to ASAE/ISO 9191:1991 OCT2001 (R2017) standard should be submitted to ASABE. ASAE S320 history: Developed by the ASAE
12、Small Tractor and Power Equipment Committee; approved by the Power and Machinery Division Technical Committee; adopted by ASAE as a Tentative Standard December 1968; reclassified as a full Standard February 1971; reaffirmed December 1975; approved as an American National Standard October 1976; reaff
13、irmed December 1980; revised February 1984; previous revision S320 reaffirmed and redesignated by ANSI June 1984; reaffirmed December 1988; revision approved by ANSI May 1989; revised editorially June 1989; reaffirmed by ASAE December 1993, December 1998; withdrawn as an ANSI Standard December 1999;
14、 reaffirmed by ASAE December 1999; January 2001; superseded by ISO 9191 October 2001; approved by ANSI November 2002; reaffirmed February 2007, February 2012, January 2017. Keywords: Definitions, Hitch, Lawn, Three-point 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the requirements for the connecti
15、on of implements or attachments to the rear of lawn and garden ride-on (riding) tractors by means of a three-point free link hitch in association with a power lift. It applies to lawn and garden ride-on (riding) tractors as defined below. 2 Definition For the purposes of this International Standard,
16、 the following definition applies. 2.1 ride-on (riding) machine; lawn and garden tractor; turf (riding) tractor: Self-propelled machine on which an operator rides, designed primarily for cutting grass and auxiliary garden work. The cutting means may be an integral part of the machine or suspended fr
17、om or attached to the machine.1) 2.2 attachment: Optional assembly of components that can be mounted on a lawn and garden ride-on (riding) tractor for a specific use. 2.3 General 2.3.1 linkage: Combination of one upper link and two lower links, each articulated to the tractor and the implement at op
18、posite ends, in order to connect the implement to the tractor. 2.3.2 hitch point: Articulated connection between a line and the implement. For geometrical analysis, the hitch point is established as the centre of the articulated connection between a link and the implement. 1) For the convenience of
19、the user of this International Standard, this definition is repeated from ISO 5395:1990 (definition 1.3.40). ASAE/ISO 9191:1991 OCT2001 (R2017) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 22.3.3 link point: Articulated connection between a link and the tractor. For geometrica
20、l analysis, the link point is established as the centre of the articulated connection between a link and the tractor. 2.4 Linkage components (see Figure 1 and Figure 2) 2.4.1 upper link ; lower link : Elements as appropriate in the linkage, each fitted with an articulated connection at both ends. 2.
21、4.2 upper hitch point : Articulated connection between the upper link and the implement. 2.4.3 upper link point : Articulated connection between an upper link and the tractor. 2.4.4 lower hitch point : Articulated connection between a lower link and the implement. 2.4.5 lower link point : Articulate
22、d connection between a lower link and the tractor. 2.4.6 upper hitch pin : Pin, usually detachable and forming part of the upper link assembly, that connects the upper link to the implement. 2.4.7 lower hitch stud or pin : Stud or pin attached to the implement, on which a lower link is secured. 2.4.
23、8 mast : Member that provides attachment of the upper link of the implement. 2.4.9 lift linkage: Connecting linkage that transmits force to the lower links for raising and lowering implements. Figure 1 Tractor linkage Figure 2 Implement hitch 2.5 Linkage dimensions (see Figure 3) 2.5.1 mast height:
24、Perpendicular distance between the upper hitch point and common axis of the lower hitch points. 2.5.2 levelling adjustment: Adjustment of lower links so that the one lower hitch point may be moved vertically with respect to the other lower hitch point to provide an inclination of the implement. 2.5.
25、3 lower hitch point span: Distance between lower hitch points measured at the base of the lower hitch stud, or the distance between the innermost restraining means provided on the implement. ASAE/ISO 9191:1991 OCT2001 (R2017) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 3Figur
26、e 3 Tractor dimensions 2.5.4 Linchpin hole distance: Distance between the Linchpin hole centreline and the lower link stud base. 2.5.5 Lift range: Range of movement of the lower hitch points using the extent of manual adjustment provided in the lift linkage in conjunction with the power range, expre
27、ssed as the maximum and minimum possible heights of the lower hitch points above ground level, the lower hitch point axis being maintained horizontal to the ground. 2.5.6 power range: Total vertical movement of the lower hitch point excluding any adjustment in the linkage or lift linkage. 2.5.7 lowe
28、r hitch point tyre clearance: Clearance expressed as a radial dimension from the lower hitch point to the outside diameter of the tyre with the implement in any position and all side-sway eliminated from the links. 2.5.8 lower hitch point tractor clearance: Horizontal dimension between the rearmost
29、parts of the tractor in the area between the two draft links and the horizontal line through the two lower hitch points throughout the range of vertical movement of the hitch points. (See Figure 4.) Figure 4 Lower hitch-point tractor clearance ASAE/ISO 9191:1991 OCT2001 (R2017) Copyright American So
30、ciety of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 42.5.9 mast adjustment: Usable range of movement of the mast in a vertical plane. It is measured as the maximum and minimum heights of the lower hitch points above the ground between which a mast of standard height can be adjusted to any inclination bet
31、ween vertical and 5 from vertical rearwards. Adjustment of the mast controls the pitch of the implement. NOTE 1: Specifying the mast adjustment to be provided enables the tractor designer to determine the minimum acceptable top link length adjustment in relation to the lower linkage attachment point
32、s. It also permits the implement manufacturer to determine the range over which pitch adjustment can be obtained. 3 Dimensions 3.1 Implements Dimensions relating to the implement shall be as given in Figure 2 and Table 1. 3.2 Tractor Dimensions relating to the tractor shall be as given in Figure 3 a
33、nd Table 2. The values for lift range, power range and adjustments shall be as given in Table 3. 3.3 Mast height implement itself. It is a figure used in design and if properly used for design of both implement and tractor, a suitably interchangeable implement/tractor combination will be achieved. T
34、his International standard makes it possible to produce tractors and implements that will give good performance in any combination; therefore, consideration of linkage geometry is essential. This makes it desirable to establish a standard mast height and a standard mast adjustment within a working r
35、ange, because these items influence the position of hitch point that are common to both the implement and the tractor. Mast height is one of the essential factors in establishing the virtual hitch point of the free-link system, draft signal for the draft-responsive system, loads on the linkage and h
36、itch points, changes in implement pitch corresponding to changes in working depth, implement pitch when the implement is ready for transport, clearance of the implement with the tractor, especially ready for transport, and clearance of the hitch links with the implement or with the tractor, especial
37、ly ready for transport. When an implement mast height other than standard is chosen, to achieve some specific performance feature, care should be taken to ensure that the desired performance is secured with tractors likely to operate the implement. 4 Tractor lift force capacity A minimum lift force
38、of 2 kN shall be available at a distance of 305 mm to the rear of the lower hitch point and throughout the power range using 80% of the minimum hydraulic relief valve pressure setting. ASAE/ISO 9191:1991 OCT2001 (R2017) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 5Table 1 Imp
39、lement dimensions Symbol Measurement Dimensions (mm) min. max. Upper Hitch Point: b1 Width inside 27 - b2 Width outside - 49 r1 Clearance radius for upper link 38 - d1 Hitch pin hole diameter 17 18 Lower hitch point: d2 Stud (hitch pin) diameter 15 16 l1 Linchpin hole distance 37 - d3 Linchpin hole
40、diameter 6 8 l2 Lower hitch point span 500 508 r2 Clearance radius for lower link 50 - - Implement encroachment in front of lower hitch point if implement extend laterally behind tyre - 13 h1 Implement mast height (see 3.3) - 305 Table 2 Tractor dimensions Measurement Dimensions (mm)min. max.Upper l
41、ink: Width at hitch point - 26 Radius at hitch point - 25 Hitch pin hole diameter 17 18 Side-sway at hitch point 1) Upper hitch pin: Diameter 15 16 Distance from head to centreline of linchpin hole 54 - Linchpin hole diameter 6 8 Lower link: Width at hitch point - 26 Radius at hitch point - 40 Stud
42、(hitch pin) hole diameter 17 18 Lower hitch point tyre clearance with largest rear tyre offered 75 - Lower hitch point tractor clearance 204 - Side-sway at hitch point each side of centre position with lower links horizontal 2)501) Permissible side-sway of the upper link is not specifically dimensio
43、ned: It shall however be compatible with that provided at the lower links plus necessary additional allowance for lateral leveling adjustment. 2) Means should be provided to lock the lower links rigid laterally for operations where side-sway cannot be tolerated and when the hitch is raised ready for
44、 transport. No maximum dimensions for side-sway are specified; this shall be limited in each individual application so that hitch or implement components will not come in contact with the tractor tyres. ASAE/ISO 9191:1991 OCT2001 (R2017) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engi
45、neers 6Table 3 Lift range, power range and adjustments Measurement Dimensions (mm) min. max. Lift range: Max. height for lowest position - 180 Min. height for highest position 500 - Power range 250 - Levelling adjustment: Higher 50 - Lower 50 - Mast adjustment: Min. height for highest position 380 -
46、 Max. height for lowest position - 180 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 1 ISO 5395:1990, Power lawn-mowers, lawn tractors, lawn and garden tractors, professional mowers, and lawn and garden tractors with mowing attachments Definitions, safety requirements and test procedures. 2 ISO 9190:1990, Lawn and garden ride-on (riding) tractors Drawbar. 3 ISO 9192:1991, Lawn and garden ride-on (riding) tractors One-point tubular sleeve hitch. 4 ISO 9193:1990, Lawn and garden ride-on (riding) tractors Power take-off.
