1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 10918-2 First edition 1995-08-I 5 Information technology - Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Compliance testing Technologies de /information - Compression numkique et codage des images fixes de nature photographique: Test de conformit Refe
2、rence number ISO/IEC 10918-2:1995(E) Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 1/11/99Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2002 by Infor
3、mation Technology Industry Council (ITI).All rights reserved.These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council(
4、ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United St
5、ates of AmericaCopyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISOAEC 10918-2:1995(E) CONTENTS 1 Scope 2 Normative references . 3 Definitions, abbreviations, symbols, and convent
6、ions . 4 General . 5 Compressed data format compliance testing 6 Encoder compliance tests . 7 Decoder compliance tests . Annex A - Procedures for determining generic encoder and decoder compliance . Annex B - Quantization tables for generic compliance testing of DCT-based processes . Annex C - Compr
7、essed test data stream structure for generic decoder compliance tests . Annex D - Construction of application-specific compliance tests Annex E - Compliance test data for testing of greater computational accuracy . Annex F - Specification of supported parameter ranges . Annex H - Examples and guidel
8、ines . Page 1 1 1 4 6 19 20 25 28 30 51 53 55 58 Q ISO/IEC 1995 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from t
9、he publisher. ISO/IEC Copyright Office l Case postale 56 l CH-1211 Gedve 20 0 Switzerland Printed in Switzerland ii Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-0 ISO/IEc ISO/
10、IEC 1091%2:1995(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the Inter- national Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of IS0 or IEC participate in the development of International Sta
11、ndards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. IS0 and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with IS0 an
12、d IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, IS0 and IEC have established a joint technical committee ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Stan
13、dard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO/IEC 10918-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Com- mittee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information, in collaborati
14、on with ITU-T. The identical text is published as ITU-T Recommendation T.83. ISO/IEC 10918 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology - Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: - Part 1: Requirements and guidelines - Part 2: Compliance test
15、ing Annexes A to D form an integral part of this part of ISO/IEC 10918. Annexes E to H are for information only. . . . 111 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/IEC
16、 1091 - specifies compliance tests for the ITU-T Rec. T.8 1 I ISO/IEC 109 18- 1 encoding processes; - specifies compliance tests for the ITU-T Rec. T.8 1 I ISO/IEC 10918-l decoding processes; - specifies a method for constructing application-specific compliance tests; - gives guidance and examples o
17、n how to implement these tests in practice. This Specification specifies normative generic compliance tests for the ITU-T Rec. T.81 I ISO/IEC 10918-l encoding and decoding processes. These compliance tests are applicable to “stand-alone” generic implementations of one or more of the encoding and dec
18、oding processes specified in ITU-T Rec. T.81 I ISO/IEC 10918-l. Among the purposes of these tests is to ensure that generic encoder (and decoder) implementations compute the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and quantization functions with sufficient accuracy. 2 Normative references The following ITU-
19、T Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation I International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and Standards are subject to revision, and
20、 parties to agreements based on this Recommendation I International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the Recommendations and Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
21、The Telecommunication Standardization Bureau of the ITU-T maintains a list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations. 2.1 Additional references - IS0 5807:1985, Information processing - Documentation symbols and conventions for data, program and system flowcharts, program network charts and syste
22、m resources charts. 3 Definitions, abbreviations, symbols, and conventions 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of this Specification, the following definitions apply. 3.1.1 (coding) process 1: Coding process with baseline sequential DCT, g-bit sample precision. 3.1.2 (coding) process 2: Coding process
23、with extended sequential DCT, Huffman coding, g-bit sample precision. 3.1.3 (coding) process 3: Coding process with extended sequential DCT, arithmetic coding, g-bit sample precision. 3.1.4 (coding) process 4: Coding process with extended sequential DCT, Huffman coding, 12-bit sample precision. ITU-
24、T Rec. T.83 (1994 E) Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/IEC 10918-2 : 1995 (E) 3.1.5 (coding) process 5: Coding process with extended sequential DCT, arithmetic
25、coding, 12-bit sample precision. 3.1.6 (coding) process 6: Coding process with spectral selection only, Huffman coding, 8-bit sample precision. 3.1.7 (coding) process 7: Coding process with spectral selection only, arithmetic coding, g-bit sample precision. 3.1.8 (coding) process 8: Coding process w
26、ith spectral selection only, Huffman coding, 12-bit sample precision. 3.1.9 (coding) process 9: Coding process with spectral selection only, arithmetic coding, 12-bit sample precision. 3.1.10 (coding) process 10: Coding process with full progression, Huffman coding, 8-bit sample precision. 3.1.11 (c
27、oding) process 11: Coding process with full progression, arithmetic coding, 8-bit sample precision. 3.1.12 (coding) process 12: Coding process with full progression, Huffman coding, 1Zbit sample precision. 3.1.13 (coding) process 13: Coding process with full progression, arithmetic coding, 1Zbit sam
28、ple precision. 3.1.14 (coding) process 14: Coding process with lossless, Huffman coding, 2- through 16-bit sample precision. 3.1.15 (coding) process 15: Coding process with lossless, arithmetic coding, 2- through 16-bit sample precision. 3.1.16 (coding) process 16: Coding process with extended seque
29、ntial DCT, Huffman coding, g-bit sample precision in hierarchical mode. 3.1.17 (coding) process 17: Coding process with extended sequential DCT, arithmetic coding, each component is a two dimensional array of 8 x 8 blocks stored left-to-right, top-to-bottom order; each 8 x 8 block has 64 coefficient
30、s stored in zigzag order; and each coefficient is represented by two bytes, the most significant byte first. This data includes the blocks which are padded to complete an MCU on the right and bottom of the image. (Distributed as part of the compliance test data.) 3.1.35 encoder reference test data:
31、Quantized DCT coefficient data generated by the reference FDCT and reference quantizer from the source image test data to be used in the DCT-based encoder compliance tests. (Distributed as part of the compliance test data.). 3.1.36 generic: Applicable to a broad range of applications, i.e. applicati
32、on independent. 3.1.37 orthogonal representation: The 2-dimensional row-column format illustrated in Figure A.5 in ITU-T Rec. T.81 I ISO/IEC 10918-l. 3.1.38 quantized coefficient validation data: Quantized DCT coefficient data generated from the source image validation test data to be used in the DC
33、T-based encoder validation tests. (Distributed as part of the compliance test data.). 3.1.39 reference DCT-based decoder: An embodiment of the DCT-based decoding processes which generates the decoder reference test data. It consists of an entropy decoder, a dequantizer, and the reference IDCT. 3.1.4
34、0 reference DCT-based encoder: An embodiment of the DCT-based encoding processes which generated the DCT-based compressed image test data streams. It consists of the reference FDCT, the reference quantizer, and an entropy encoder. 3.1.41 reference forward discrete cosine transform; reference FDCT: A
35、 double precision (64-bit) floating point embodiment of the FDCT described in A.3.3 of ITU-T Rec. T.81 I ISO/IEC 10918-l. 3.1.42 reference inverse discrete cosine transform; reference IDCT: A double precision (64-bit) floating point embodiment of the IDCT described in A.3.3 of ITU-T Rec. T.81 I ISO/
36、IEC 10918-l. 3.1.43 reference quantizer: An embodiment of the quantization described in A.3.4 in ITU-T Rec. T.81 I ISO/IEC 10918-l. 3.1.44 source image test data: The data sets to be used as input to the encoder compliance tests. This data is a sequence of pseudo-random numbers generated with unifor
37、m distribution over the range from 0 to 255. The algorithm used to generate this data is described in Annex A of CCITT Recommendation H.26 1. (This data is distributed as part of the compliance test data.). 3.1.45 table specification test data (stream): Table specification data generated to test dec
38、oder compliance with abbreviated format compressed data. (Distributed as part of the compliance test data.) 3.2 Abbreviations The abbreviations used in this Specification are listed below. 3.2.1 arith.: An abbreviation for arithmetic coding. 3.2.2 Huff.: An abbreviation for Huffman coding. 3.3 Symbo
39、ls The symbols used in this Specification are listed below. 3.3.1 Bi: quantization value at the ith row and jth column in the quantization tables defined in Annex B, appears in Annex E. 3.3.2 DF: differential frame flag, appears in flow charts in clause 5. ITU-T Rec. T.83 (1994 E) 3 Copyright Americ
40、an National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/IEC 10918-2 : 1995 (E) 3.3.3 Eu: quantization value at the ith row and jth column in the quantization tables used in testing for greater accur
41、acy defined in Annex E. 3.3.4 F: the scale factor used to generate Eij from Bij as defined in E. 1. 3.3.5 FS: first scan in frame flag, appears in flow charts in clause 5. 3.3.6 G: guaranteed in compressed data, appears in Tables 1 to 5 in clause 5. 3.3.7 H-L: hierarchical lossless processes, appear
42、s in Table G. 1. 3.3.8 H-S: hierarchical sequential DCT-based processes without final lossless scans, appears in Table G. 1. 3.3.9 HP: hierarchical progression flag, appears in flow charts in clause 5. 3.3.10 LL: lossless processes, appears in Table G.1. 3.3.11 o: optional in compressed data, appear
43、s in tables in clause 5. 3.3.12 P(FULL): full progressive DCT-based processes with both spectral selection and successive approximation, appears in Table G. 1. 3.3.13 P(SA): progressive DCT-based successive approximation processes, appears in Table G. 1. 3.3.14 P(SS): progressive DCT-based spectral
44、selection processes, appears in Table G. 1. 3.3.15 RI: restart interval flag, appears in flow charts in clause 5. 3.3.16 S(B): baseline sequential DCT-based process, appears in Table G. 1. 3.3.17 S(E): extended sequential DCT-based processes, appears in Table G. 1. 3.4 Conventions The flowcharts use
45、 the conventions given in IS0 5807. One of the conventions is that arrows are not needed when the flow is from left-to-right and from top-to-bottom. Arrows are sometimes used in such cases to increase clarity. 4 General The purpose of this clause is to give an informative overview of this Specificat
46、ion and the principles underlying it. Another purpose is to introduce some of the terms which are defined in clause 3. (Terms defined in clause 3 of ITU-T Rec. T.81 I ISO/IEC 10918-I continue to apply in this Specification.) ITU-T Rec. T.83 I ISO/IEC 10918-2 concerns compliance testing for embodimen
47、ts of the elements specified in ITU-T Rec. T.8 1 I ISO/IEC 10918-I. For encoders and decoders - embodiments of the ITU-T Rec. T.8 1 I ISO/IEC 109 18-l encoding and decoding processes - this document makes a distinction between GENERIC embodiments and APPLICATION-SPECIFIC embodiments. For the former,
48、 compliance tests themselves are specified herein; for the latter, this document specifies a method for defining compliance tests. Compliance tests are also specified for compressed data streams - embodiments of the ITU-T Rec. T.81 I ISO/IEC 10918-l compressed data formats. NOTE - Like many complian
49、ce tests, those described in this Specification for generic encoders and decoders are not exhaustive tests of their respective functional specifications. Therefore, passing these tests does not guarantee complete functional correctness. This observation has two implications: 1) the tests do not fully guarantee complete interoperability between independently-implemented encoders and decoders; and 2) the tests for embodiments of the DCT-based processes do not guarantee that encoders or decod
