1、 Reference numberISO/IEC 15444-1:2000(E)ISO/IEC 2000INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC15444-1First edition2000-12-15Information technology JPEG 2000 image coding system Part 1: Core coding system Technologies de linformation Systme de codage dimage JPEG 2000 Partie 1: Systme de codage de noyau Adopted b
2、y INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 8/29/02Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2002 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI).All r
3、ights reserved.These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council(ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publicat
4、ion may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaCopyright American National Sta
5、ndards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/IEC 15444-1:2000(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or view
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8、or use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any m
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10、yrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Published by ISO in 2001 Printed in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reserved Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/IEC 15444-1:20
11、00(E) ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reserved iiiCONTENTSForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Abbreviations and symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74.1 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74.2 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 General description . . . . . . . . .
15、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85.1 Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95.2 Codestream. . . . . .
16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95.3 Coding principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Encoder requirements .
17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 Decoder requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117.1 Codestream s
18、yntax requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127.2 Optional file format requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128 Implementation requirements . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Annex A Codestream syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13A.1 Markers, marker segments
20、, and headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13A.2 Information in the marker segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15A.3 Construction of the codestream . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16A.4 Delimiting markers and marker segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21A.5 Fixed information marker segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26A.6 Functional marker segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29A.7 Pointer marker segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44A.8 In bit stream marker and marker segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52A.9 Informational marker segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、.54Annex B Image and compressed image data ordering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57B.1 Introduction to image data structure concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57B.2 Component mapp
25、ing to the reference grid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57B.3 Image area division into tiles and tile-components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58B.4 Example of the mapping of components to the referenc
26、e grid (informative) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60B.5 Transformed tile-component division into resolution levels and subbands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62B.6 Division of resolution levels into precincts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . .64B.7 Division of the subbands into code-blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65B.8 Layers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65B.9 Pa
28、ckets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65B.10 Packet header information coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68Copyright Am
29、erican National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/IEC 15444-1:2000(E) iv ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reserved B.11 Tile and tile-parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72B.12 Progression order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75Annex C Arithmetic entropy coding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79C.1 Binary encoding (informative). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79C.2 Description of the arithmetic encoder (informative) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80C.3 Arithmetic decoding procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91Annex D Coefficient bit modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99D.1 Code-block scan pattern within code-blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99D.2 Coefficient bits and significance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . .99D.3 Decoding passes over the bit-planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100D.4 Initializing and terminating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103D.
35、5 Error resilience segmentation symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106D.6 Selective arithmetic coding bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106D.7 Vertically causal context
36、formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108D.8 Flow diagram of the code-block coding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Annex E Quantization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111E.1 Inverse quantization procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111E.2 Scalar coefficient quantization (informative). . .
38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Annex F Discrete wavelet transformation of tile-components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115F.1 Tile-component parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115F.2 Discrete wavelet transformations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115F.3 Inverse discrete wavelet transformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115F.4 Forward transformation (informative) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125Annex G DC level shifting and multiple component transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 .135G.1 DC level shifting of tile-components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135G.2 Reversible multiple component transformation (RCT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136G.3 Irreversible multiple component
42、 transformation (ICT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136G.4 Chrominance component sub-sampling and the reference grid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137Annex H Coding of images with regions of interest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139H.1 Decoding of ROI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139H.2 Description of the Maxshift method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139H.3 Remarks on region of interest coding (informative). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140Annex I JP2 file format syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . .145I.1 File format scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145I.2 Introduction to the JP2 file format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、. . . . .145I.3 Greyscale/Colour/Palettized/multi-component specification architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148I.4 Box definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150I.5 Defined boxes. . . .
47、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154I.6 Adding intellectual property rights information in JP2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176Copyright American National Standards Institute
48、Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/IEC 15444-1:2000(E) ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reserved vI.7 Adding vendor specific information to the JP2 file format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49、.176I.8 Dealing with unknown boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181Annex J Examples and guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183J.1 Software conventions adaptive entropy decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183J.2Selection of quantization step sizes for irreve
