1、IT2.21 94 0724150 0521811 714 W- ANSUIS0 2240-1994, A NWNA PM I T2.21-i 994 for Photography - Colour Reversal Camera Films - Determination of IS0 Speed - American National Standards Institute 77 West 42nd Street New York, New York ANSI IT2.21 94 0724150 0521B12 650 ANSVIS0 2240-1 994, ANSVNAPM IT2.2
2、1-1994 Revision and redesignation of ANSI PH2.21-1983 (R1989) American National Standard for Photography - Colour Reversal Camera Films - Determination of IS0 Speed Secretariat National Association of Photographic Manufactures, Inc. Approved April 14, 1995 American National Standards Institute, Inc.
3、 ANSI IT2.21 9Y W 072Yl150 0521813 597 American National Standard Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the
4、judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that
5、a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or proce
6、dures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National
7、Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The proced
8、ures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Publ
9、ished by American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright O1 994 by International Organization for Standardization All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prio
10、r written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America APS2C895121 Contents Page Foreword i Introduction . iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Sampling and storage . 1 5 Test method . 2 6 Product classification 4 7 Product marking and labelling . 4 Table
11、 1 IS0 speed 5 Figure 1 Sensitometric curve 3 Annex A Bibliography . 6 I ANSI IT2.23 94 0724350 052LBL5 3bT Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSUIS0 2240-1 994, ANSVNAPM lT2.21-1994. This document is identical to IS0 2240-1 994 and the following five paragraphs are t
12、he original foreword as it appeared in that document.) IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide fed- eration of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 tech- nical committees. Each
13、 member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-gov- ernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the Internatio
14、nal Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are cir- culated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodie
15、s casting a vote. International Standard IS0 2240 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 2240: 1982), of which it constitutes a technical revision. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only. Sug
16、gestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the National Association of Photographic Manufacturers, Inc., 550 Mamaroneck Avenue, Suite 307, Harrison, NY 10528-1612. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by NAPM Technical Committee IT2 on
17、 Image Evaluation. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time this standard was approved, the IT2 Committee had the following members: William F. Voglesong, Chairman Michael R. Goodwin, Vice-chairman Charles G. Saleski
18、, Secretary Organization Represented Name of Representative American Roentgen Ray Society Vacant Association for Information and Image Management Jean M. Baronas Association for Reproduction Material Manufacturers, Inc. . Philip P. Nowers Azon Corporation Bill Neithardt Canadian Standards Associatio
19、n (Liaison) . David Sommers Graphic Communication Association Norman W. Scharpf Graphic Microsystem . James R. Cox GTI Graphic Technology, Inc. Charles G. Saleski National Association of Photographic Manufacturers, Inc. . Richard S. Fisch Carolyn Franceschi Michael R. Goodwin Thomas McKeehan (Alt.)
20、Alex Pendleton Thomas Lumenello (Alt.) Marilyn Courtot (Alt.) Robert C. Johnson (Alt.) James E. Harvey ii Organization Represented Name of Representative Daniel E. Sinto Joseph McKinney (Alt.) David L. Spooner Robert L. Seyfert (Alt.) Robert A. Uzenoff Robert D. Whitall David W. Butcher (Alt.) Peter
21、 Krause (Alt.) Optical Society of America . Vacant Photographic Society of America . Jack Holm Professional Photographers of America . Robert M. Opfer PSI Associates William F. Voglesong Radiological Society of North America . Homer L. Twigg, Jr. Schawk, Inc . Paul R. Guy Treasure Chest Advertising
22、. Peter Brehm U.S. Department of Commerce - National Institute of Standards and Technology . Jack J. Hsia U.S. Department of the Army . Calvin F. Douglas U.S. Department of the Navy . Vacant U.S. General Services Administration - Federal Supply the resultant camera exposure will normally lead to col
23、our transparencies or motion pictures of the best quality. For an average scene and average camera, the indicated camera exposure will be approximately midway between the least expo- sure and the greatest exposure required to produce transparencies and motion-picture films suitable for viewing at no
24、rmal luminance levels. For the purposes of this International Standard, the normal luminance of transparency illuminators is assumed to be that described in IS0 3664, with a ratio of direct-to-ambient luminance of about 40:i. The normal lumi- nance of transparency projection screens is assumed to be
25、 about 137 cd/m2. Screen luminance of 8 mm Type R and 8 mm Type S (Super-8) motion-pic- ture film projection is assumed to range from approximately 40 cd/m2 (see IS0 2910) to 62 cd/m2. Therefore, it may be desirable to increase expo- sure by 25% above that obtained by using the speed derived by foll
26、owing the sensitometric procedure described in this International Standard. Many camera manufacturers design and calibrate their 8 mm Type R and 8 mm Type S motion-picture cameras with an adjustment which permits more exposure to compensate for the lower screen luminance of the usual pro- jection co
27、nditions (see IS0 2721). iv ANSI IT2.2L 94 0724350 052LB38 O79 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ISO 2240-1 994, ANSVNAPM lT2.21-1994 American National Standard for Photography - Colour Reversal Camera Films - Determination of IS0 Speed 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the method for dete
28、rmining the IS0 speed of colour reversal camera films producing continuous-tone pictorial images that are intended to be viewed on transparency illumi- nators or by projection as siides. It also applies to 8 mm and 16 mm motion-picture films used in non- professional applications. This International
29、 Standard does not apply to pro- fessional motion-picture films regardless of their applications. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publi- cation, the editions
30、indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most re- cent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of cur- rently
31、valid International Standards. IS0 5-2: 1991, Photography - Density measurements - Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmission density. 1) To be published. (Revision of IS0 5-3:1984) IS0 5-3:-l), Photography - Density measurements - Part 3: Spectral conditions. IS0 7589:1984, Photography - Illurni
32、nants for sensitometry - Specifications for daylight and incart- descent tungsten. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 exposure, Pl: Time integral of illuminance on the film, measured in lux seconds. NOTE 1 Exposure is often expressed i
33、n log,# units. 3.2 speed: Quantitative measure of the response of the photographic material to radiant energy for the specified conditions of exposure, processing, density measurement and analysis. 3.3 minimum density: Minimum density value ob tainable following the process used in the IS0 speed det
34、ermination. 4 Sampling and storage In determining the IS0 speed of a product, it is im- portant that the samples evaluated yield the average results obtained by users. This will require evaluating several different batches periodically under the con- ditions specified in this International Standard.
35、 Prior to evaluation, the samples shall be stored according to the manufacturers recommendations for a length of time to simulate the average age at which the product is normally used. To assure that all components of 2) International Lighting Vocabulary, CIE Publ. No. 17.4, 1987, luminous exposure,
36、 H. In this International Standard, “luminous exposure“ is simply referred to as “exposure“. 1 ANSI IT2-23 94 0724350 05238l19 TO5 ANSI/ISO 2240-1994, ANSI/NAPM lT2.21-1994 variance are included in the sampling plan, it is rec- ommended that procedures such as those outlined in IS0 Standards Handboo
37、k 3 be used. The objective in selecting and storing samples as described above is to ensure the film characteristics are representative of those obtained by a photographer at the time of use. 5 Test method 5.1 Principle Samples are exposed and processed in the manner specified below. Density measure
38、ments are obtained from the resultant images to produce a sensitometric curve from which values are taken and used to de- termine IS0 speed. 5.2 Safelights To eliminate the possibility of safelight illumination affecting the sensitometric results, all films shall be handled in complete darkness duri
39、ng sample prepara- tion, exposing and processing. 5.3 Exposure 5.3.1 Sample condition During exposure, the samples shall be equilibrated with air at a temperature of 23 “C f 2 “C and a rela- tive humidity of (50 f 5) %. 5.3.2 Type of sensitometer The sensitometer shall be a non-intermittent, illumin
40、ance-scale type. 5.3.3 Radiant energy quality The appropriate illuminant for the particular film type being exposed shall conform to the specification given in ISO7589. IS0 speed may be determined using IS0 sensitometric daylight, studio tungsten or photoflood illuminants. Since the speed of film pr
41、o- cess combinations will depend on the type of illuminant used, the illuminant should be specified in the instructions. IS0 speed shall be specified for use without a filter in front of the camera lens. If a film is used with a colour filter in front of the camera lens, an “equivalent“ speed number
42、 can be used to determine the ex- posure of the film with the filter. IS0 speed does not apply to the filtered condition. 0 IS0 5.3.4 Modulation The total range of spectral diffuse transmission den- sity with respect to the film plane of each area of the light modulator throughout the wavelength int
43、erval from 400 nm to 700 nm shall not exceed 5 % of the average density obtained over the same interval or 0,03 density, whichever is greater. In the interval from 360 nm to 400 nm, 10 % of this same average den- sity, or 0,06 density, whichever is greater, is accept- able. If a stepped increment mo
44、dulation is used, the ex- posure increment shall not be greater than 0.15 log,$I. The width and length of a single step shall be adequate to obtain a uniform density within the reading aperture specified for densitometry. If a continuous variable modulator is used, the change in exposure with distan
45、ce along the test strip shall be uniform and not greater than 0,04 log,$ per milli- metre. 5.3.5 Exposure time The exposure time shall be between 5 s and 1 /1 O00 s corresponding to the usage practice for the particular film tested. Since the speed of film is de- pendent on exposure time because of
46、reciprocity law failure, the exposure time used for determining IS0 speed should be specified in the instructions for use. 5.4 Processing 5.4.1 Conditioning of samples In the time interval between exposure and process- ing, the samples shall be equilibrated with air at 23 “C I 2 C and a relative hum
47、idity of (50 f 5) %. The processing shall be completed in not fewer than 5 days and not more than 10 days after exposure for general-purpose films, and not fewer than 4 h and not more than 7 days for professional films. 5.4.2 Processing specifications No processing specifications are described in th
48、is International Standard in recognition of the wide range of chemicals and equipment used. IS0 speed pro- vided by film manufacturers generally applies to the film when it is processed in accordance with their recommendations to produce the photographic characteristics specified for the process. Pr
49、ocess in- formation shall be available from film manufacturers or others who quote IS0 speed. This shall specify the chemicals, time, temperatures, agitation and pro- cedure used for each of the processing steps and any 2 0 IS0 ANSI IT2-21 94 0724150 0521820 727 = ANSI/ISO 2240-1 994, ANSI/NAPM IT2.21-1994 additional information required to obtain the sensitometric results described. The values for speed obtained using various process- ing procedures can differ significantly. Although dif- ferent speeds for a particular film can be achieved by varying the process, the user should
