1、 ANSI/I3A IT4.152-2001for Photography Processing Chemicals Specifications for Formaldehyde 37% Solution with StabilizerANSI/I3AIT4.152-2001ANSI/I3A IT4.152-2001Revision theirexistence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approvedthe standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing,
2、 purchasing, or usingproducts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards andwill in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American NationalStandard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to i
3、ssue aninterpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the AmericanNational Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should beaddressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the titlepage of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be re
4、vised orwithdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInstitute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, orwithdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards mayreceive current information on all standards by calling or writing the Ameri
5、canNational Standards Institute.American National StandardPublished byAmerican National Standards Institute, Inc.25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036Copyright 2002 by American National Standards Institute, Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in anyform, in an ele
6、ctronic retrieval system or otherwise,without prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaiContentsPageForeword ii0 Introduction. iii1 Scope . 12 Normative references . 13 General. 14 Requirements . 25 Reagents and glassware 26 Sampling. 27 Test methods 2Table1 S
7、ummary of requirements 2iiForeword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI/I3A IT4.152-2001.)This standard is one of a series of standards establishing criteria of purity for chemi-cals used in processing photographic materials. In the current review process, thisseries of stan
8、dards is being updated and revised in format. Many of the standards inthis series, but not all, also exist as standards of the International Organization forStandardization (ISO). The current updates and revisions are in accord with that be-ing done for the ISO standards. In an effort to promote the
9、 concept of internationalstandardization, references to ISO standards have been left in place. Suggestions for the improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should besent to the International Imaging Industry Association, Inc. (I3A), 550 MamaroneckAvenue, Suite 307, Harrison, NY 10528-1216,
10、 e-mail: i3astdsi3a.org. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by I3A TechnicalCommittee IT4 on Photographic Processing. Committee approval of the standarddoes not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At thetime it approved this edition of the
11、 standard, the IT4 Committee had the followingmembers:Joseph M. Rao, ChairmanJohn Gignac, SecretaryOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativeInternational Imaging Industry Association, Inc. (I3A) . Jan CarlockLinda CrosbyKunihiro FujiwaraRonald A. KleinLaszlo PapaiAnthony Jarkowsky General Chem
12、ical Corporation. Mark DulikPhoto Marketing Association International . Herb SteinPhotographic Society of America, Inc. . Grant HaistIndividual ExpertsPeter KrauseNorman NewmanJoseph M. RaoSubcommittee IT4-1 on Specifications for Photographic Chemicals, which was re-sponsible for this edition, had t
13、he following members:Joseph M. Rao, Chairman-protem Jan CarlockLinda CrosbyMark DulikKunihiro FujiwaraNorman NewmanLaszlo PapaiHerb Steiniii0 Introduction0.1 This standard is one of a series that establishes criteria of purity for chemicalsused in processing photographic materials. General test meth
14、ods and procedurescited in this standard are compiled in Parts 1, 5, and 7 of ISO 10349.This standard is intended for use by individuals with a working knowledge of analyti-cal techniques, which may not always be the case. Some of the procedures utilizecaustic, toxic, or otherwise hazardous chemical
15、s. Safe laboratory practice for thehandling of chemicals requires the use of safety glasses or goggles and other protec-tive apparel such as rubber gloves, face masks or aprons where appropriate. Normal precautions required in the performance of any chemical procedure shall beexercised at all times,
16、 but care has been taken in this standard to provide warningsfor hazardous materials. Hazard warnings designated by a letter enclosed in anglebrackets, , are used as a reminder in those steps detailing handling operationsand are defined in ISO 10349-1. More detailed information regarding hazards, ha
17、n-dling, and use of these chemicals may be available from the manufacturer.0.2 This standard provides chemical and physical requirements for the suitability of aphotographic-grade chemical. The tests correlate with undesirable photographic ef-fects. Purity requirements are set as low as possible con
18、sistent with these photo-graphic effects. These criteria are considered the minimum requirements necessaryto assure sufficient purity for use in photographic processing solutions, except that ifthe purity of a commonly available grade of chemical exceeds photographic process-ing requirements and if
19、there is no economic penalty in its use, the purity require-ments have been set to take advantage of the availability of the higher qualitymaterial. Every effort has been made to keep the number of requirements to a minimum. Inertimpurities are limited to amounts which will not unduly reduce the ass
20、ay. All tests areperformed on samples “as received“ to reflect the condition of materials furnished foruse. Although the ultimate criterion for suitability of such a chemical is its successfulperformance in an appropriate use test, the shorter, more economical test methodsdescribed in this standard
21、are generally adequate.Assay procedures have been included in all cases where a satisfactory method isavailable. An effective assay requirement serves not only as a safeguard of chemicalpurity, but also as a valuable complement to the identity test. Identity tests have beenincluded whenever a possib
22、ility exists that another chemical or mixture of chemicalscould pass the other tests. All requirements listed in clause 4 are mandatory. The physical appearance of thematerial and any footnotes are for general information only and are not part of the re-quirements.0.3 Efforts have been made to emplo
23、y tests that are capable of being run in any nor-mally equipped laboratory and, wherever possible, to avoid tests that require highlyspecialized equipment or techniques. Instrumental methods have been specifiedonly as alternative methods or alone in those cases where no other satisfactorymethod is a
24、vailable. Over the past few years, great improvements have been made in instrumentation forvarious analyses. Where such techniques have equivalent or greater precision, theymay be used in place of the tests described in this standard. Correlation of such alter-native procedures with the given method
25、 is the responsibility of the user. In case ofdisagreement in results, the method called for in the specification shall prevail.Where a requirement states “to pass test“, however, alternative methods shall not beused. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/I3A IT4.152-2001American National Standard for Pho
26、tography Processing Chemicals Specifications for Formaldehyde 37% Solution with Stabilizer 1 1 Scope This standard establishes criteria for the purity of photographic-grade formaldehyde 37% solution (DANGER: , )1)with stabilizer and specifies the tests to be used to determine the purity. 2 Normative
27、 references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged
28、to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid standards. ISO 10349-1:1992, Photography Photographic-grade chemicals Test methods Part 1: General. ISO 10349-5:1992 (R1999), Photography
29、 Photographic-grade chemicals Test methods Part 5: Determination of heavy metals and iron content. ISO 10349-7:1992 (R1999), Photography Photographic-grade chemicals Test methods Part 7: Determination of alkalinity or acidity. 3 General 3.1 Physical properties Formaldehyde, CH2O, 37% solution with s
30、tabilizer exists as a clear colorless liquid with a pungent odor and irritating vapors. Formaldehyde has a relative molecular mass of 30.03. 3.2 Hazardous properties Formaldehyde solutions are hazardous and can cause irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Use only with adequate ventil
31、ation. 3.3 Storage Formaldehyde shall be stored in properly sealed containers away from oxidizing and alkaline materials where ambient temperatures remain between 21C - 27C. Avoid prolonged exposure to temperatures below 4C. _ 1)Hazard warning codes are defined in ISO 10349-1, clause 4. ANSI/I3A IT4
32、.152-20012 4 Requirements A summary of the requirements is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Summary of requirements Test Limit Subclause Standard in which test method is given Assay (as CH2O) 37.0% (m/m) min. 7.1 ANSI/I3A IT4.152 Heavy metals (as Pb) 0.001% (m/m) max. 7.2 ISO 10349-5 Iron (Fe) 0.001% (m/m)
33、 max. 7.3 ISO 10349-5 Acidity (as HCOOH) 0.1% (m/m) max. 7.4 ISO 10349-7 NOTE m/m = mass/mass 5 Reagents and glassware All reagents, materials, and glassware shall conform with the requirements specified in ISO 10349-1 unless otherwise noted. The hazard warning symbols, used as a reminder in those s
34、teps detailing handling operations, are defined in ISO 10349-1. These symbols are used to provide information to the user and are not meant to provide conformance with hazardous labeling requirements, as these vary from country to country. 6 Sampling See ISO 10349-1. 7 Test methods 7.1 Assay 7.1.1 S
35、pecification Minimum content of formaldehyde shall be 37.0% (m/m). 7.1.2 Reagents 7.1.2.1 Sodium hydroxide, NaOH (DANGER: ), standard volumetric solution of 1 mol/l (40 g/l)2),3)7.1.2.2 Hydrogen peroxide solution, H2O2, 3% solution Add 10 ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide solution (DANGER: ,) to 90 ml of
36、water. Mix thoroughly. 7.1.2.3 Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, standard volumetric solution of 0.5 mol/l (49.04 g/l)2) 7.1.2.4 Ethanol, CH3CH2OH (DANGER: ,), 95% 7.1.2.5 Bromthymol blue indicator Dissolve 0.10 g of bromthymol blue in 50 ml of 95% ethanol (7.1.2.4) (,). Dilute with 50 ml of water. _ 2)Commerci
37、ally available analyzed reagent solutions are recommended. If solutions are to be prepared, see any quantitative chemistry text. 3)This solution can be prepared from solid sodium hydroxide (DANGER:). ANSI/I3A IT4.152-20013 7.1.3 Procedure Place approximately 3 ml of a test portion of the the formald
38、ehyde sample (,) into a tared glass-stoppered weighing bottle having a small diameter, and weigh to the nearest 0.001 g. Quantitatively transfer the contents of the weighing bottle into a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 10 ml of distilled water and mix thoroughly. Pipette 50 ml of 1 mol/l sodium
39、hydroxide solution (7.1.2.1) () followed immediately, but slowly, by 50 ml of freshly prepared 3% hydrogen peroxide solution (7.1.2.2). Place a watch glass over the flask, and heat the mixture on a steam bath for 5 min with occasional swirling. Cool, let stand for 30 min, and titrate to a blue-green
40、 color with 0.5 mol/l sulfuric acid solution (7.1.2.3) using 3 drops of bromthymol blue indicator (7.1.2.5). 7.1.4 Expression of results The assay, expressed as a percentage by mass, for formaldehyde solution is given by 3.003 (50c2 - c1V1) / m, where c1is the actual concentration, expressed in mole
41、s per liter, of the sulfuric acid solution (7.1.2.3); V1is the volume, in milliliters, of the sulfuric acid solution (7.1.2.3) used to reach the titration endpoint; c2is the actual concentration, expressed in moles per liter, of the sodium hydroxide solution (7.1.2.1); m is the mass, in grams, of th
42、e test portion; 3.003 is the conversion factor obtained from the mass of formaldehyde equivalent to 1 mole of sodium hydroxide (i.e., 30.03) x the conversion for milliliters to liters (i.e., 0.001) x 100 (for percentage). 7.2 Heavy metals content (as Pb) 7.2.1 Specification Maximum content of heavy
43、metals shall be 0.001% (m/m). 7.2.2 Procedure NOTE The standard for the iron test (7.3) is prepared in the same way as the heavy metals standard. Determine the percentage of heavy metals in accordance with ISO 10349-5. Use a test portion corresponding to 5 g 0.1 g of the sample prepared in accordanc
44、e with ISO 10349-5, 7.2. Use 5 ml of the heavy metals standard prepared in accordance with ISO 10349-5, 8.1.1. 7.3 Iron content 7.3.1 Specifications Maximum content of iron shall be 0.001% (m/m). 7.3.2 Procedure Determine the percentage of iron in accordance with ISO 10349-5. Use a test portion corr
45、esponding to 5 g 0.1 g of the sample prepared in accordance with ISO 10349-5, 7.2. Use 5 ml of the iron standard prepared in accordance with ISO 10349-5, 8.1.1. 7.4 Acidity (as HCOOH) 7.4.1 Specification Maximum acidity as HCOOH shall be 0.1% (m/m). 7.4.2 Procedure Prepare the test solution as described in ISO 10349-7, clause 7. Determine the percent acidity as HCOOH in accordance with ISO 10349-7, clause 7. In the calculation, use a K factor equal to 4.603.
