1、J SI 174.40 96 O7 for Photography ( Effluents - Determination Oxygen Demai and Dissolved 24350 0532b77 b30 1 ANSUNAPM ZT4.40-1 Processing) - of Biochemical zd (BOD) Oxygen (DO) -mmn e Na1 American National Standards Institute i 996 77 West 42nd Street New York, New York 70036 ANSI IT4.40 96 H 0724L.
2、50 0532678 577 ANS I/N AP M IT4.40-1996 Revision and redesignation of ANSI PH4.40-1984 (R1992) American National Standard for Photography (Processing) - Effluents - Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Secretariat National Association of Photographic Manufacture
3、rs, Inc. Approved April 17, 1996 American National Standards Institute, Inc. American National Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is es
4、tablished when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections b
5、e considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using produc
6、ts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation o
7、f an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn
8、at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National St
9、andards Institute. Standard Published by American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright O 1996 by American National Standards Institute All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or
10、otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America - ANSI IT4.40 96 0324350 0532680 325 = Contents Foreword. . i O Introduction 1 1 Scope 2 2 Measurement reliability . 2 Method for determining the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 3 Dissolved oxygen (
11、DO) probe calibration 12 Sample dilution and sample size selection 5 Page 3 4 Table 1 Figures 1 Aeration apparatus . 3 2 BOD bottle setup 7 Annex A Bibliography . 18 I ANSI IT4-40 9b = 0724150 0532683 Ob1 = Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSVNAPM This American Nati
12、onal Standard is one of a series devoted to the analysis of photographic processing effluents. This standard is a revision and redesignation of ANSI PH4.40-1984 (R1992). It differs chiefly in providing for chemical elimination of nitroge- nous demand by the addition of 2-chloro-6-(trichloro methyl)
13、pyridine. Standardization of sodium thiosulfate solution is with potassium bi-iodate instead of potassium iodate. Other minor changes have also been made. This standard contains one annex which is for information only and is not considered part of this standard. Suggestions for improvements of this
14、standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the National Association of Photographic Manufacturers, Inc., 550 Mamaroneck Avenue, Suite 307, Harrison, NY 10528-1612. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by NAPM Technical Committee on Photographic Processing, IT4. Commit
15、tee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, the IT4 Committee had the following members: lT4.40-1996.) Norman Newman, Chairman Joseph M. Rao, Vice-chairman John Gignac, Secretary Organization Repres
16、ented Name of Representative Canadian Standards Association (Liaison) . David Comers General Chemical Corporation . James F. Walther National Association of Photographic Manufacturers, Inc. . Sylvia Adae-Amoakoh Stephen J. Rudy (Alt.) Catherine A. Cresko Jay Decai Robert Kimec (Alt.) Ronald A. Klein
17、 Shashikant Decai (Alt.) Peter Krause Norman Newman Richard S. Fisch (Alt.) Joseph M. Rao Anthony Jarkowcky (Alt.) Photographic Society of America, Inc . Grant Haist Professional Photographers of America, Inc . Robert M. Opfer US General Services Administration - Federal Supply and Services . Martin
18、 Robinson individual Expert Kenneth M. Smith Spencer B. Fulweiler* Society for Imaging Science and Technology . William R. Towns *deceased II - ANSI IT4040 96 0724350 0532682 TT8 W Subcommittee IT4-5 on Photographic Effluents, which developed this stan- dard, had the following members: Kenneth M. Sm
19、ith, Chairman Sylvia Adae-Amoakoh Catherine A. Crecko Jay Decai Richard S. Fisch Spencer B. Futweiler Anthony Jarkowcki Peter Krause Jurgen M. Kruce Norman Newman Joseph M. Rao Stephen J. Rudy Edward Schiller James F. Walther iii - - - ANSI IT4.40 96 O724350 0532683 934 m AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
20、ANSVNAPM lT4.40-1996 American National Standard for Photography (Processing) - Effluents - Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) O Introduction There are many general methods for the determination of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), but this standard has been dev
21、eloped in sufficient detail to serve as a specific set of operating instructions for the analysis of photographic processing effluents. It may also be applied to other similar industrial wastes. The method presented in this document is the result of tests run routinely and in complete control, as ev
22、idenced by daily standard samples. The BOD is used to determine the oxygen requirements of polluted waters and municipal and industrial waste effluents. The procedure described in this standard predicts the quantity of oxygen consumed in decomposing oxidizable material. When oxidizable waste is put
23、into a body of water, it will be decomposed by direct reaction with oxygen and microorganisms, mainly bacteria, that require oxygen dissolved in the receiving stream. The amount of oxygen necessary to decompose the waste, as measured under specific conditions, is called the “biochemical oxygen deman
24、d (BOD)“ of the waste. In this test, a 5-day incubation period at 20C is used. This period is arbitrary, but is almost universally accepted. Normally the dissolved oxygen can be measured chemically using the azide modification of the Winkler method, or instrumentally with an oxygen meter. Due to the
25、 presence of sulfite and thiosulfate ions, which interfere with the modified Winkler method, wastes containing photographic effluents shall be measured by the instrumental method. The instrument probe is, however, calibrated against the modified Winkler method in the absence of interfering ions. A d
26、eparture from most other BOD procedures is the daily analysis of glucose-glutamic acid standard solutions, and reporting of data only when these standard solutions exhibit control. The BOD is determined from the difference between initial and final dissolved oxygen (DO) of the prepared and incubated
27、 sample solutions. Nitrogenous demand has historically been considered an interference in BOD determinations. It can be estimated after measuring the ammonia nitrogen in the sample, but the method is cumbersome and the results are subject to considerable error, Chemical inhibition is more direct and
28、 more reliable. if this is done, the results should be reported as GBOD, rather than BOD, consistent with American Public Health Associa tion (A PHA) methodology. ANSVNAPM IT4.40 has not been accepted as a standard method by the EPA, but is consistent with methods which have received regulatory appr
29、oval. This standard contains information and precautions which will yield more accurate results. For example, a paragraph in this introduction specifies measuring dissolved oxygen in a sample by the instrumental method rather than the Winkler method. Table 1 on sample dilutions and sample sizes will
30、 be helpful without jeopardizing 1 - ANSI IT4040 96 U 0724350 0532684 870 ANSVNAPM IT4.40-1996 conformity to regulatory reporting requirements. Other examples will be obvious to those familiar with BOD and DO measurements. Some of the chemicals specified in the test procedures are caustic, toxic, or
31、 otherwise hazardous. Safe laboratory practice for the handling of chemicals requires the use of safety glasses or goggles, rubber gloves and other protective apparel such as face masks or aprons where appropriate. Specific danger notices are given in the text and footnotes for particularly dangerou
32、s materials, but normal precautions are required during the performance of any chemical procedure at all times. The first time that a hazardous material is noted in the test procedure clauses, the hazard will be indicated by the word “DANGER“ followed by a symbol consisting of angle brackets “I cont
33、aining a letter which designates the specific and a statement of the hazard. A double bracket III will be used for particularly perilous situations. In subsequent statements involving handling of these hazardous materials, only the hazard symbol consisting of the brackets and letter(s) will be displ
34、ayed. Furthermore, for a given material, the hazard symbols will be used only once in a single paragraph. Detailed warnings for handling chemicals and their diluted solutions are beyond the scope of this part of this standard. Employers shall provide training and health and safety information in con
35、formance with legal requirements. The hazard symbol system used is intended to provide information to the users and is not meant for compliance with any legal requirements for labeling. It is strongly recommended that anyone using these chemicals obtain from the manufacturer pertinent information ab
36、out the hazards, handling, use, and disposal of these chemicals. Hazard information code system Harmful if inhaled. Avoid breathing dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Use only with adequate ventilation. Harmful if contact occurs. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, or clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. Ha
37、rmful if swallowed. Wash thoroughly after handling, If swallowed, obtain medical attention immediately. May be fatal if swallowed. If swallowed, obtain medical attention immediately. Will burn. Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame. Use with adequate ventilation. NOTE - The flammable warning s
38、ymbol, cF, will not be used for quantities of common solvents under 1 liter. Oxidizer. Contact with other material may cause fire. Do not store near combustible materials 1 Scope This standard provides a method for the determination of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in photographic processing e
39、ffluents, and a generalized procedure for the calibration of the dissolved oxygen (DO) probe. 2 Measurement reliability Based on glucose-glutamic acid standard solutions, the long-term 95% confidence limits are k 10% about a mean of 200 mg BODA 2 - ANSI IT4040 96 M 07241150 0532b85 707 m ANSVNAPM IT
40、4.40-1996 3 Method for determining the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 3.1 Apparatus GLASS SIPHON TUBE TYGON TUBING RUBBER STOPPER FILTER FLASK -d u y TYGON CONNECTOR s TOP c OC K Figure 1 - Aeration apparatus - Aeration apparatus (see figure 1): a) 500- or 1000-ml filter flask; b) Glass tubing long
41、 enough to reach to about 12.7 mm (0.5 in) from the bottom of the filter flask; c) One-hole rubber stopper; d) Glass siphon tube: e) Tygon) tubing, or equivalent; 9 Glass storage bottle (carboy style), 15-25 liter size; g) Gas dispersion tube, coarse porosity; h) Stopcock, glass or Teflon); NOTE - T
42、his bottle should be covered or painted to exclude light. NOTE - Do not use lubricant on this stopcock. - BOD incubation bottles, 300-ml nominal capacity; - BOD bottle overcaps (Wheaton or equivalent); - Incubator for operation at 20C t 1C; - General laboratory glassware and equipment, such as pipet
43、s, beakers, dropping bottles, pH meter, magnetic stirrer, etc.; - A dissolved oxygen meter (probe). NOTE - Bottles should be cleaned with a good detergent, and thoroughly rinsed and drained before use.2) ) Registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. An example of suitable material. This in
44、formation is given for the convenience of ANSVNAPM IT4.40 and does not constitute an endorsement by NAPM or ANSI of t is brand. An alternative method recommends meticulous washing with dichromate-sulfuric acid solution and careful rinsing with dilution water. 3 ANSI IT4.40 96 0724350 0532686 b43 ANS
45、I/NAPM lT4.40-1996 Reagents Distilled water (see 3.4.1); Seed water (see 3.4.2); Dilution water (see 3.4.3); 150 mg/l D-glucose-150 mgll glutamic acid solution in distilled water (see 3.4.4); 0.05 M sulfuric acid, H,SO, (Danger: , ) (see 3.4.5); 0.1 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH (Danger: ) (see 3.4.6); 2
46、-chloro-6-trichloro methyl pyridine (TCMP)3) (see 3.3.3). Procedures 3.3.1 Preparation and treatment of standards a) Pipet 10 ml of seed water into each of four BOD incubation bottles; b) Half-fill each bottle with dilution water; c) Pipet 150 mg/l D-glucose - 150 mg/l glutamic acid into the bottles
47、 as follows: - To two bottles, add 6.1 ml; - To two bottles, add 4.6 ml. d) Analyze the four standard solutions according to 3.3.3 (9) through 3.3.3 (i) and 3.3.4. NOTE - These four standards shall be set up once each working day. 3.3.2 Sample preparation a) Pour about 300 ml of a well-mixed sample
48、into a 400-ml beaker; b) Using a pH meter, adjust the sample to pH 7.2 f. 0.1 with 0.05 M sulfuric acid () or 0.1 M .sodium hydroxide (); c) By referring to table 1, determine whether the sample needs predilution: - If the expected BOD is between 2 800 O00 and 80 000, the sample shall be prediluted
49、1 :1 000. Pipet 1 .O0 ml f the sample into a l-liter volumetric flask, and dilute to volume with distilled water; - If the expected BOD is between 110 O00 and 1 O 000, the sample shall be prediluted 1 :250. Pipet 1.00 ml of the sample into a 250-ml volumetric flask, and dilute to volume with distilled water; - If the expected BOD is between 14 O00 and 2 100, the sample shall be prediluted 1:50. Pipet 2.00 ml of the sample into a 100-ml volumetric flask, and dilute to volume with distilled water; - If the expected BOD is below 2 100, no predilution of t
