1、A NSI/ISO 9 71 8- 1995, ANSI/NAPM IT9.12-1995 for Imaging Materials Pro cessed Ves ic u 2 Specifications for a r Photog rap h ic Stability Film - -1 mmn II West 42nd Street New York, New York 10036 ANSI IT9.12 95 072LiL50 0529403 47T ANSVIS0 971 8-1 995, ANWNAPM lT9.12-1995 Revision and redesignatio
2、n of ANSIASO 9718-1991, ANSI lT9.12-1991 American National Standard for Imaging Materials - Processed Vesicular Photographic Film - Specifications for Stability Secretariat National Association of Photographic Manufacturers, Inc. Approved December 13, 1995 American National Standards Institute, Inc.
3、 ANSI IT?-12 95 U 0724350 0529402 306 D American National Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Standard Consensus is established when, in the
4、 iudgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that
5、 a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or proc
6、edures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National
7、 Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The proce
8、dures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Pub
9、lished by American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright O1 996 by American National Standards Institute All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior writte
10、n permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America APS2C396128 Contents Page Foreword i Introduction iv 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Scope 1 Normative references . 1 Definit ions . 2 Safety and hazards 2 Requirements for film base . 3 Requirements for processed film 3 Requirements for
11、 the emulsion and backing layers of processed film 4 Test methods . 5 Requirements for image stability . 4 Image test methods 8 Classification for reporting 9 Annexes A B C D E F G H Preparation of standard solution of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide 11 Microfilm image quality . 12 Distinction between
12、film storage copies and work copies . 14 Effects of heat and pressure . 15 Effects of high humidity 16 Corrosiveness 18 Bibliography 19 Light-fading of vesicular images . 17 i Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSVIS0 9718-1995, ANSVNAPM lT9.12-1995. This document is
13、identical to IS0 971 8:1995 and the following five paragraphs are the original foreword as it appeared in that standard.) IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide fed- eration of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standar
14、ds is normally carried out through IS0 tech- nical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-gov- ernmental, in liaison with ISO, also
15、take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are cir- culated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Internati
16、onal Standard requries approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 971 8 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 9718: 1991), which has been technically revised. Annex A f
17、orms an integral part of this International Standard. Annexes 6, C, D, E, F, G and H are for information only. Suggestions for improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the National Association of Photographic Manufacturers, Inc., 550 Mamaroneck Avenue, Suite 307, Harrison, NY
18、 10528-1 61 2. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by NAPM Technical Committee IT9 on the Physical Properties and Permanence of Imaging Materials. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time i
19、t approved this standard, the IT9 Committee had the following members: Peter Z. Adelstein, Chairman A. Tulsi Ram, Vice-chairman Organiza tion Represented Association for Information and Image Management Judy Kiipatrick Association of Reproduction Materials Manufacturers, Inc. . Philip Nowers Canadia
20、n Conservation Institute Klaus B. Hendriks First Image Management Company William E. Neale Genealogical Society of Utah . Eric Erickson Image Permanence institute James M. Reilly International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Francis J. Parish Light Impressions Corporation . Dennis Inch
21、Motion Picture Studio Preservation Rami Mina Rick Utley (Alt.) National Association of Photographic Manufacturers, Inc. Ronald Cieciuch Peter Roth (Alt.) Name of Representative Nathan Nilsson (Alt.) Brent Reber (Alt.) Douglas Nishimura (Alt.) II ANSI IT9-12 95 0724350 0529405 015 Organization Repres
22、ented Name of Representative Haruhico Iwano Junichi Kohno David F. Kopper1 A. Tulsi Ram (Alt.) Charles A. Schallhorn (Alt.) Cheri L. Warner (Alt.) Peter Krause Gilbert G. Leiter Neil Anderson (Alt.) William Murray (Alt.) Norman Newman (Alt.) Kenneth M. Smith Robert L. Seyfert (Alt.) National Geograp
23、hic Robin E. Siegel National Optical Astronomy Observations William E. Schoening Professional Photographers of America, Inc. Robert M. Opfer Smithsonian Institute . Mark McCormick-Goodhart James Wallace (Alt.) Society of Imaging Science and Technology Peter 2. Adelstein U.S. Defense Logistics Agency
24、 James N. McBee U.S. General Services Administration - Federal Supply and Services . Martin Robinson US. Library of Congress . Gerald Gibson U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Alan R. Calmes Wilhelm Imaging Research Henry Wilhelm Individual Expert Eugene Ostroff Steven Puglia (Alt.) S
25、arah Wagner (Alt.) iii ANSI IT9.32 95 D 0724358 0527406 T5L D Introduction Since 1930, great advances have been made in the use of photographic films for the preservation of records. The preservation of records on film by national, state and municipal governments, by banks, insurance com- panies, in
26、dustry and other enterprises, has been stimulated by recognition of the resultant economies in storage space, organization, accessibility and ease of reproduction. The safe-keeping of pictorial film records having le- gai, scientific, industrial, medical, historical, military or other values has als
27、o become increasingly important. The use of film for records having long-term values necessitated the de- velopment of International Standards to specify the characteristics of film suitable for this purpose. IS0 10602 specifies the requirements for silver- gelatin films which are suitable for stora
28、ge. This International Standard (for vesicular film) and IS0 8225 (for diazo film) give the requirements for photographic duplicate films suitable for storage. The term “archival film“ has been discontinued and the new concept of “life expectancy“ is introduced. Film life is classified by the LE or
29、life ex- pectancy rating as defined in this International Standard. For example, LE-100 represents film with a life expectancy of 100 years when stored under extended-term storage conditions specified in IS0 5466. Criteria for properties of LE-10 and LE-100 vesicular films are based upon the dark-ag
30、eing stability of D, processed areas. Different dark-incubation tests are specified for LE-10 and LE-100 films but all other properties and processing requirements are identical. In addition to tests to ensure that the density of O, areas does not in- crease to unacceptable levels during storage, a
31、test is also specified on highdensity areas. This is to guard against the possibility of vesicle (or bubble) collapse during storage. This test has to be carried out at tem- peratures below the softening point of the image binder, as tests above this temperature have no practical meaning (see refere
32、nces l, 21. How- ever, to give confidence of acceptable image stability, the permissible density change was made very small at the measurement error of the densitometer. Both LE-10 and LE-100 vesicular films must meet the same requirement. It is recognized that vesicular images may show density chan
33、ges after exposure to light. However, this International Standard covers only films used as storage copies, not as work copies (as defined in annex C). The light-fading requirements specified in this International Standard ensure catisfactory behaviour for storage copies which are not intended to be
34、 subjected to frequent light exposure. In addition to the characterization of films with respect to their expected storage life, vesicular films are also separated into two classes (A and B); these classes are dependent upon their intended use. Class A films are those which retain density in both th
35、e visual and actinic region (printing) after storage. Such films can be viewed directly or reprinted onto ultra- IV ANSI IT9-12 95 U 0729150 0529407 998 violet (UV)-sensitive materials. However, some films are not intended to be reprinted onto UV-sensitive materials. Such films require only visual c
36、apabilities after storage and are designated as Class B films. Obviously, both Class A and Class B films can fall into the LE-10 and LE-100 cat- egories. The requirements for Class A and Class B films are identical, with the exception of change in the Dmin area after dark-ageing and after light- fad
37、ing. Everyone concerned with the preservation of records on photographic film should realize that specifying the chemical and physical characteristics of the material does not, by itself, assure satisfactory behaviour. It is also essential to provide the correct storage temperature and humidity, and
38、 protection from the hazards of fire, water, light and certain atmospheric pollutants. Conditions for the storage of record films are specified in IS0 5466 and IS0 10214. V ANSI IT9.12 95 U 072q150 0529408 824 U AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSIIISO 9718-1995, ANSVNAPM lT9.12-1995 American National St
39、andard for Imaging Materials - Processed Vesicular Photographic Film - Specifications for Stability I Scope 1.1 This International Standard establishes specifi- cations for the stability of polyester-base safety film which has a heat-processed vesicular photographic image formed by nitrogen bubbles.
40、 It covers photo- graphic film intended for LE-I O and LE-I O0 records. 1.2 This International Standard applies to photo- graphic film in which the image layer is a discrete layer attached to a transparent support. 1.3 It applies to roll film and sheet film. 1.4 This International Standard character
41、izes only the inherent keeping behaviour of the film. However, the suitability of a film record after extended storage depends on both the inherent ageing characteristics of the film and the original image quality. The latter is discussed in annex B. 1.5 This International Standard applies only to v
42、esicular photographic film intended and used as LE-IO and LE-100 storage copies. It does not apply to vesicular film records intended and used as “work“ or “use“ copies (as discussed in annex C). Most film records used in libraries are work copies and have to be durable. LE-10 and LE-100 storage cop
43、ies should be stored in accordance with IS0 5466 and IS0 10214. The effects of heat and pressure are discussed in annex D and those of high humidity in annex E. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Inte
44、rnational Standard. At the time of publi- cation, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most re- cent editions of the standards indicated b
45、elow. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of cur- rently valid International Standards. IS0 5-1 : 1984, Photography - Density measurements - Parr 7: Terms, symbols and notations. IS0 5-2:1991, Photography - Density measurements - Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmission density. IS0 5-3:1
46、995, Photography - Density measurements - Part 3: Spectral conditions. IS0 527-3: 1995, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets. IS0 543:1990, Photography - Photographic films - Specifications for safety film. IS0 5466: 1992, Photography - Proces
47、sed safely photographic films - Storage practices. IS0 6077:1993, Photography - Photographic films and papers - Wedge test for brittleness. IS0 8225: 1 995, Photograph y - Ammonia-processed diazo photographic fdm - Specifications for stability. IS0 1021 4:1991, Photography - Processed photo- graphic
48、 materials - Filing enclosures for storage. IS0 10602: 1995, Photography - Processed silver- gelatin type black-and-white film - Specifications for stability. 1 ANSI IT%ol12 95 U Q7243i5R 0529409 760 ANSIASO 9718-1995, ANSVNAPM lT9.12-1995 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standar
49、d, the following definitions apply. 3.1 archival medium: Recording material that can be expected to retain information for ever so that it can be retrieved without significant loss when prop- erly stored. NOTE 1 There IS, however, no such material and it is not a term to be used in International Standards or system specifications 3.2 life expectancy (LEI: Length of time that infor- mation is predicted to be retrievable in a system un- der extended-term storage conditions. NOTE 2 However, the actual useful life of film is very dependent upon the existing storage cond
