1、 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Research, Development, or Testing ANSI Z136.8 2012 American National StandardANSIZ136.8 2012 First Printing American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Research, Development, or Testing Secretariat Laser Institute of America Approved: Ap
2、ril 3, 2012 American National Standards Institute, Inc. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the gen
3、eral public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether or not he or she has approved the standard, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards a
4、re subject to periodic review and users are encouraged to obtain the latest editions. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or
5、 withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by Laser Institute of America 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Su
6、ite 128 Orlando, FL 32826 ISBN: 978-0-912035-95-6 Copyright 2012 by Laser Institute of America. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied or reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system or be made available on the Internet, a public network, by satellite, or
7、otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. i Foreword (This introduction is not a normative part of ANSI Z136.8-2012, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Research, Development, or Testing.) In 1968, the American Nationa
8、l Standards Institute (ANSI) approved the initiation of the Safe Use of Lasers Standards Project under the sponsorship of the Telephone Group. Prior to 1985, Z136 standards were developed by ANSI Committee Z136 and submitted for approval and issuance as ANSI Z136 standards. Since 1985, Z136 standard
9、s are developed by the ANSI Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) Z136 for Safe Use of Lasers. A copy of the procedures for development of these standards can be obtained from the secretariat, Laser Institute of America, 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128, Orlando, FL 32826 or viewed at www.z136.org. T
10、he present scope of ASC Z136 is to protect against hazards associated with the use of lasers and optically radiating diodes. ASC Z136 is responsible for the development and maintenance of this standard. In addition to the consensus body, ASC Z136 is composed of standards subcommittees (SSC) and tech
11、nical subcommittees (TSC) involved in Z136 standards development and an editorial working group (EWG). At the time of this printing, the following standards and technical subcommittees were active: SSC-1 Safe Use of Lasers (parent document) SSC-2 Safe Use of Lasers and LEDs in Telecommunications App
12、lications SSC-3 Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care SSC-4 Measurements and Instrumentation SSC-5 Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions SSC-6 Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors SSC-7 Eyewear and Protective Barriers SSC-8 Safe Use of Lasers in Research, Development, or Testing SSC-9 Safe Use of Lasers
13、 in Manufacturing Environments SSC-10 Safe Use of Lasers in Entertainment, Displays, and Exhibitions TSC-1 Biological Effects and Medical Surveillance TSC-2 Hazard Evaluation and Classification TSC-4 Control Measures and Training TSC-5 Non-Beam Hazards TSC-7 Analysis and Applications EWG Editorial W
14、orking Group ii The seven standards currently issued are: ANSI Z136.1-2007, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (replaces ANSI Z136.1-2000) ANSI Z136.3-2011, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care (replaces ANSI Z136.3-2005 American National Standard for Safe
15、Use of Lasers in Health Care Facilities) ANSI Z136.4-2010, American National Standard Recommended Practice for Laser Safety Measurements for Hazard Evaluation (replaces ANSI Z136.4-2005) ANSI Z136.5-2009, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions (replaces ANSI Z1
16、36.5-2000) ANSI Z136.6-2005, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors (replaces ANSI Z136.6-2000) ANSI Z136.7-2008, American National Standard for Testing and Labeling of Laser Protective Equipment (first edition) ANSI Z136.8-2012, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers
17、in Research, Development, or Testing (first edition) This American National Standard is intended to ensure the safe use of lasers in research, development, or testing environments, and has been published as part of the ANSI Z136 series of laser safety standards. The base document of the series is th
18、e American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers, ANSI Z136.1. The procedures and methodologies described in this standard are based on requirements previously established in ANSI Z136.1 and are intended to give more specific processes for accomplishing laser safety in a research, development, or
19、 testing settings. The purpose of this standard is to give more specific user guidance for accomplishing laser safety for individuals with the potential for laser exposure in the research, development, or testing setting. It should be recognized that the scope of the ANSI Z136.8 includes all circums
20、tances when people may be exposed to laser radiation as part of research, development, and testing applications. This standard includes policies and procedures to ensure laser safety in any area where research, development, and testing is performed, including Universities, product development labs,
21、private and government research labs (e.g., National Laboratories), and product testing settings. In general, this standard may be used independently of ANSI Z136.1; however, instances where additional guidance contained in ANSI Z136.1 is required are noted in the text of this document. The body of
22、this standard is a normative standard that applies to all research, development, and testing settings that use lasers. The appendices, excluding Appendix A, are informative providing examples and discipline specific supplementary information. iii It is expected that this standard will be periodicall
23、y revised as new information and experience in the use of lasers are gained. Future revisions may have modified content and use of the most current document is highly recommended. While there is considerable compatibility among existing laser safety standards, some requirements differ among state, f
24、ederal, and international standards and regulations. These differences may have an effect on the particulars of the applicable control measures. Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning or intent of portions of this standard as it relates to specific applications. When the need for an
25、interpretation is brought to the attention of the secretariat, the secretariat will initiate action to prepare an appropriate response. Since ANSI Z136 standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a bal
26、ance of interests. For this reason, the secretariat is not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requests except in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration. Requests for interpretations and suggestions for improvements of the standard are welcome. Th
27、ey should be sent to ASC Z136 Secretariat, Laser Institute of America, 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128, Orlando, FL 32826. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by ASC Z136. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all members voted for its approva
28、l. Robert Thomas, Committee Chair Sheldon Zimmerman, Committee Vice-Chair Ben Edwards, Committee Secretary iv Notice (This notice is not a normative part of ANSI Z136.8-2012, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Research, Development, or Testing.) Z136 standards and recommended pract
29、ices are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. The process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on laser safety related issues. As secretariat to ASC Z136, the Laser I
30、nstitute of America (LIA) administers the process and provides financial and clerical support to the committee. The LIA and its directors, officers, employees, members, affiliates, and sponsors, expressly disclaim liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever
31、, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document or these standards. The LIAs service as secretariat does not constitute, and LIA does not make any endorsement, warranty, or referral of any partic
32、ular standards, practices, goods, or services that may be referenced in this document. The LIA also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. The LIA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of
33、this document. In issuing and making this document available, the LIA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the LIA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should r
34、ely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. v Participants At the time it approved this standard, ASC Z136 had the following members: Organization Represented Nam
35、e of Representative Academy of Laser Dentistry Scott Benjamin Altos Photonics, Inc. Lucian Hand American Academy of Dermatology Mark Nestor American College of Obstetricians when the year of publication is not shown, it means the latest revision of that standard. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z136.8-20
36、12 2 tables and figures that are included in this document are provided solely as a convenience for the user. In this standard, testing includes: a) Measurement, evaluation, or assessment of any properties or parameters (such as power, energy, beam size, divergence, shape, wavelength or spectral ran
37、ge, pulse duration, and pulse repetition frequency) of the laser radiation emitted by any type of laser, laser system, or laser product in any conditions or operation, maintenance or service. b) Verification of the functionality of any laser safety features such as protective housing interlocks, int
38、erlock override procedures, emission indicators, beam stops or attenuators, remote interlock connections, and operation controls. c) Verification of the overall functionality of any laser, laser system, or laser product to determine if it meets the performance specifications for its intended applica
39、tion, including experimental runs. d) Operation of laser products or equipment, where the laser radiation is the “tool” for non-contact tests and measurements, e.g., dimensions and physical properties. 1.3 Laser Safety Programs. 1.3.1 General. The corporate or institutional (supervising) management
40、(employer) has the fundamental responsibility to ensure the safe use of lasers owned and/or operated in facilities under its control, and shall establish and maintain an adequate program for the control of laser hazards. The following guidelines for laser safety programs contain requirements (design
41、ated by shall) and recommendations (designated by should or preferred). In the case of recommendations, employers should perform a hazard evaluation based upon the laser, the beam path, the laser process interactions, the location, and the personnel using the laser. The evaluation could consider the
42、 likelihood of using viewing optics, and the intentional or unintentional misuse of a laser that would not normally be hazardous. In many instances, an employer would not need to implement a recommendation; however, in other instances, it may be useful or prudent to implement the recommendation to a
43、ssure the safe use of lasers for a specific application. Employer and/or facility safety programs and employee training programs shall be provided for Class 3B or Class 4 lasers and laser systems. Employer and/or facility safety programs and employee training should be provided for laser systems con
44、taining embedded Class 3B and Class 4 lasers. Employer and/or facility safety programs and employee training programs are not required for Class 1 lasers and laser systems that do not contain embedded Class 3B or Class 4 lasers. 1.3.2 Laser Safety Program Provisions. The laser safety program establi
45、shed by the employer shall include the following provision: a) Designate an individual as the Laser Safety Officer (LSO) with the authority and responsibility to evaluate and control laser hazards, to implement appropriate control measures, and to monitor and enforce compliance with required standar
46、ds and regulations. The specific duties and responsibilities of the LSO are designated in AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z136.8-2012 3 normative Appendix A of ANSI Z136.1 and this standard. (Note that a normative appendix is an extension of the standard, and as such is an integral part of the standard.)
47、 Throughout the body of this standard, it shall be understood that wherever duties or responsibilities of the LSO are specified, it will mean that the LSO either performs the stated task or assures that the task is performed by qualified individual(s). Such duties and tasks include the following: 1.
48、 Educate authorized personnel (LSOs, operators, service personnel, and others) in the safe use of lasers and laser systems, and as applicable, the assessment and control of laser hazards through training programs. Employers should consider providing awareness training for employees working with and
49、around lasers and laser systems greater than Class 1. If an employer requires training for embedded lasers, it shall include not only operators but also those who routinely work around the systems, and/or who will be present when maintenance requiring beam access or service occurs. The employer must be aware that staff involved in research, development, and testing may have a greater risk of laser radiation exposure than that of a routine laser user in an industrial setting. 2. Apply adequate protective measures for laser hazard control as required in Section 4. 3. Conduct incident
