1、 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Manufacturing Environments ANSI Z136.9 2013 American National StandardANSIZ136.9 2013 First Printing American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Manufacturing Environments Secretariat Laser Institute of America Approved: August 6, 2013 A
2、merican National Standards Institute, Inc. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public.
3、The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether or not he or she has approved the standard, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to
4、 periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this
5、 standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by Laser Institute of America 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128 Orland
6、o, FL 32826 ISBN: 978-0-912035-99-4 Copyright 2013 by Laser Institute of America. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied or reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system or be made available on the Internet, a public network, by satellite, or otherwise, wit
7、hout the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. i Foreword (This introduction is not a normative part of ANSI Z136.9-2013, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Manufacturing Environments.) In 1968, the American National Standards Institute
8、 (ANSI) approved the initiation of the Safe Use of Lasers Standards Project under the sponsorship of the Telephone Group. Prior to 1985, Z136 standards were developed by ANSI Committee Z136 and submitted for approval and issuance as ANSI Z136 standards. Since 1985, Z136 standards are developed by th
9、e ANSI Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) Z136 for Safe Use of Lasers. A copy of the procedures for development of these standards can be obtained from the secretariat, Laser Institute of America, 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128, Orlando, FL 32826 or viewed at www.z136.org. The present scope of A
10、SC Z136 is to protect against hazards associated with the use of lasers and optically radiating diodes. ASC Z136 is responsible for the development and maintenance of this standard. In addition to the consensus body, ASC Z136 is composed of standards subcommittees (SSC) and technical subcommittees (
11、TSC) involved in Z136 standards development and an editorial working group (EWG). At the time of this printing, the following standards and technical subcommittees were active: SSC-1 Safe Use of Lasers (parent document) SSC-2 Safe Use of Lasers and LEDs in Telecommunications Applications SSC-3 Safe
12、Use of Lasers in Health Care SSC-4 Measurements and Instrumentation SSC-5 Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions SSC-6 Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors SSC-7 Eyewear and Protective Barriers SSC-8 Safe Use of Lasers in Research, Development, and Testing SSC-9 Safe Use of Lasers in Manufacturing En
13、vironments SSC-10 Safe Use of Lasers in Entertainment, Displays, and Exhibitions TSC-1 Biological Effects and Medical Surveillance TSC-2 Hazard Evaluation and Classification TSC-4 Control Measures and Training TSC-5 Non-Beam Hazards TSC-7 Analysis and Applications EWG Editorial Working Group ii The
14、nine standards currently issued are: ANSI Z136.1-2007, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (replaces ANSI Z136.1-2000) ANSI Z136.2-2012, American National Standard for Safe Use of Optical Fiber Communication Systems Utilizing Laser Diode and LED Sources (first edition) ANSI Z136.3-2011
15、, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care (replaces ANSI Z136.3-2005, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care Facilities) ANSI Z136.4-2010, American National Standard Recommended Practice for Laser Safety Measurements for Hazard Evaluation (replaces
16、ANSI Z136.4-2005) ANSI Z136.5-2009, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions (replaces ANSI Z136.5-2000) ANSI Z136.6-2005, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors (replaces ANSI Z136.6-2000) ANSI Z136.7-2008, American National Standard for Test
17、ing and Labeling of Laser Protective Equipment (first edition) ANSI Z136.8-2012, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Research, Development, or Testing (first edition) ANSI Z136.9-2013, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Manufacturing Environments (first edition) Th
18、is purpose of this American National Standard is to provide specific guidance for the safe use of lasers in manufacturing environments. It has been published as part of the ANSI Z136 series of laser safety standards. The base document of the series is the American National Standard for Safe Use of L
19、asers, ANSI Z136.1. The procedures and methodologies described in this standard are based on requirements previously established in ANSI Z136.1 and are intended to give more specific practices for accomplishing laser safety, and to provide more specific user guidance for protecting individuals with
20、the potential for laser exposure when lasers are used in manufacturing environments. This standard includes policies and procedures to ensure laser safety in areas where lasers are used in manufacturing, including public and private industries, and product development and testing settings. In genera
21、l, this standard may be used independently of ANSI Z136.1; however, instances iii where additional guidance contained in ANSI Z136.1 is required are noted in the text of this document. The body of this standard is a normative standard that applies to manufacturing environments that use lasers. The a
22、ppendices, excluding Appendix A, are informative providing examples and discipline specific supplementary information. It is expected that this standard will be periodically revised as new information and experience in the use of lasers are gained. Future revisions may have modified content and use
23、of the most current document is highly recommended. While there is considerable compatibility among existing laser safety standards, some requirements differ among state, federal, and international standards and regulations. These differences may have an effect on the particulars of the applicable c
24、ontrol measures. Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning or intent of portions of this standard as it relates to specific applications. When the need for an interpretation is brought to the attention of the secretariat, the secretariat will initiate action to prepare an appropriate re
25、sponse. Since ANSI Z136 standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, the secretariat is not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requests except
26、 in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration. Requests for interpretations and suggestions for improvements of the standard are welcome. They should be sent to ASC Z136 Secretariat, Laser Institute of America, 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128, Orlando, FL 32826. This
27、 standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by ASC Z136. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all members voted for its approval. Robert Thomas, Committee Chair Sheldon Zimmerman, Committee Vice-Chair Ben Edwards, Committee Secretary iv Notice (This notic
28、e is not a normative part of ANSI Z136.9-2013, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Manufacturing Environments.) Z136 standards and recommended practices are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. The process
29、 brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on laser safety related issues. As secretariat to ASC Z136, the Laser Institute of America (LIA) administers the process and provides financial and clerical support to the committee. The LIA and its directo
30、rs, officers, employees, members, affiliates, and sponsors, expressly disclaim liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance
31、 on this document or these standards. The LIAs service as secretariat does not constitute, and LIA does not make any endorsement, warranty, or referral of any particular standards, practices, goods, or services that may be referenced in this document. The LIA also makes no guarantee or warranty as t
32、o the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. The LIA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. In issuing and making this document available, the LIA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for o
33、r on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the LIA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise
34、of reasonable care in any given circumstances. v Participants At the time it approved this standard, ASC Z136 had the following members: Organization Represented Name of Representative Academy of Laser Dentistry Scott Benjamin Altos Photonics, Inc. Lucian Hand American Academy of Dermatology Mark Ne
35、stor American College of Obstetricians hence, calculations for viewing diffuse reflections are normally only necessary for Class 4 lasers. The laser hazard classification system is based entirely on the laser radiation emission. Non-beam hazards must be dealt with separately and are addressed in Sec
36、tion 7. NOTESee Section 10 for titles of ANSI and other standards and codes cited in this standard. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z136.9-2013 4 1.3 Laser Safety Programs. 1.3.1 General. Management (employer) has the fundamental responsibility to ensure the safe use of lasers owned and/or operated in fa
37、cilities under its control. Management shall establish and maintain an adequate program for the control of laser hazards. Employer and/or facility safety programs and employee training programs shall be provided for Class 3B or Class 4 lasers and laser systems. Employer and/or facility safety progra
38、ms and employee training should be provided for laser systems containing embedded Class 3B and Class 4 lasers, if accessed by employers staff. Service of such systems (embedded Class 3B and Class 4 lasers) by outside vendors does not require employer staff laser safety training. The LSO shall approv
39、e safety procedures implemented at times when such systems are accessed and no longer in a Class 1 configuration. Employer and/or facility safety programs and employee training programs are not required for Class 1 lasers and laser systems that do not contain embedded Class 3B and Class 4 lasers (se
40、e Section 5 and Table 1.1). The following guidelines for laser safety programs contain requirements (designated by shall) and recommendations (designated by should). In the case of a recommendation it may be useful for the employer to review Section 3 of this standard and perform a hazard evaluation
41、, with particular emphasis on the total foreseen risk based on consideration of the laser, laser system and application, as well as the environment in which it is used and the personnel using the laser. The evaluation should include considerations such as the likelihood of the use of viewing optics,
42、 and the intentional or unintentional misuse of a laser that, under normal conditions, would not be considered hazardous. In many situations the implementation of a recommendation may not be necessary; in other situations, it may be useful or prudent to implement the recommendation in order to ensur
43、e the safe use of lasers for a specific application. 1.3.2 Laser Safety Program Provisions. When identified as necessary, the laser safety program established by the employer (see Table 1.1) shall include provisions for the following: a) Designation of an individual as the LSO with the authority and
44、 responsibility to effect the knowledgeable evaluation and control of laser hazards, and the implementation of appropriate control measures, as well as to monitor and enforce compliance with required standards and regulations. The specific duties and responsibilities of the LSO are designated in nor
45、mative Appendix A.1Throughout the body of this standard, it shall be understood that wherever duties or responsibilities of the LSO are specified, it will mean that the LSO either performs the stated task or ensures that the task is performed by a qualified individual(s). b) Education of authorized
46、personnel (e.g., LSOs, operators, in-house and/or vendor service personnel) in the safe use of lasers and laser systems and, as applicable, the assessment and control of laser hazards. This may be accomplished through training programs. Employers should consider the benefits of initiating awareness
47、training for employees working with and around lasers and laser systems greater than Class 1. If 1A normative appendix contains information that is required to implement the standard and is therefore, officially part of the standard. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z136.9-2013 5 training is warranted for
48、 embedded lasers, it shall extend to those routinely around the systems who will be present when maintenance requiring beam access or service occurs (see Section 5 and Appendix E). When service is conducted by an outside firm/vendor, supporting documentation of appropriate laser safety training shou
49、ld be presented to the employer and meet to the approval of the employers Health & Safety Committee and/or the employers LSO. c) Application of adequate control measures for the mitigation of laser hazards as required in Section 4. d) Incident investigation, including reporting of alleged accidents to the LSO, and preparation of action plans for the prevention of future accidents following a known or suspected incident. e) An appropriate medical examination is considered in accordance with Section 6. f) Formation of a Laser Safety Committee when the number, hazards, complexity an
