1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C136.40-2014Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment-Solar Lighting SystemsANSI C136.40-2014 American National Standard for Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment Solar Lighting Systems Secretariat: National Electrical Manufacturers
2、 Association Approved July 17, 2014 Published September 30, 2014 American National Standards Institute, Inc. C136.40-2014 Page ii 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by a consensus among persons
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18、stitute. Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Rosslyn, VA 22209 Copyright 2014 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association All rights reserved including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne C
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20、the United States of America. C136.40-2014 Page iv 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association C136.40-2014 Page v 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD vi 1 SCOPE . 1 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES 1 3 INFORMATIVE REFERENCES . 1 4 GENERAL 2 4.1 Solar Lighting
21、Systems . 2 4.2 Operation in Outdoor Environments . 2 4.3 Ambient Temperature . 3 5 SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS . 3 5.1 Energy Source and Load Relationships 3 6 LIGHT SOURCES 4 6.1 Environmental Requirements 4 6.2 Operating Voltages . 4 6.3 Vibration and Shock Tolerance . 4 7 BATTERIES 4 7.1 Installation
22、Requirements 4 7.2 Types and Requirements 4 7.3 Replacement Requirements 4 7.4 Cabling 5 7.5 Overcurrent Protection 5 7.6 Cycling . 5 7.7 Capacity 5 7.8 Disposal and Environmental Considerations 5 8 SOLAR MODULES. 5 8.1 Types and Requirements 5 8.2 Module Power and Energy 6 8.3 Shock and Vibration 6
23、 9 POWER CONTROLS . 6 9.1 Charge, Load and Lighting controls 6 9.2 Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) 6 10 POLES 7 10.1 Requirements 7 10.2 Mounting 7 10.3 Weight and Effective Projected Area (EPA) 7 11 WIRING/GROUNDING . 7 11.1 Circuit Connections . 7 11.2 Battery Connections 7 11.3 Grounding 7 11
24、.4 Terminal Block . 7 12 INTERNAL LABELING . 7 C136.40-2014 Page vi 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association FOREWORD At the time this standard was approved the ANSI C136 committee was composed of the following members: Alabama Power Company American Electric Lighting Caltrans Ceravision C
25、ity of Kansas City, Missouri City of Los Angeles, Bureau of Street Lighting Cree, Inc. Duke Energy Duke Energy Florida Eatons Cooper Lighting Edison Electric Institute EPRI EYE Lighting International of N.A., Inc. Florida Power shall not self-discharge more than 3% per month over its life, it shall
26、be of the sealed-dry, absorbed glass mat or gel type. Sealed Lead Acid batteries should be recognized or listed by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) to UL 1989 or UL 1642. It shall operate in any position or orientation. Application above +140 F should refer to the battery manufactur
27、er for guidance. Terminals shall be protected from inadvertent shorting. Other recommended specifications can be found in IEC 61427. Common battery systems include plante, lead acid, lead calcium, and hybrids, among others. Selecting what type is best for a specific application depends on factors th
28、at the owner must specify. 7.3 Replacement Requirements Replacement batteries shall be of the same type, voltage and capacity as the replaced batteries. When practical, replacement batteries should be the same model as the replaced batteries. Batteries should be replaceable without tools (e.g., with
29、 appropriate connectors). Connectors should be guarded to prevent accidental shorting during replacement. C136.40-2014 Page 5 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 7.4 Cabling All cabling shall be rated for wet locations. Any exposed wiring, such as solar panel wiring, shall be UV resis
30、tant. All cabling shall meet the latest approved NFPA 70 National Electrical Code. 7.5 Overcurrent Protection Overcurrent protection shall be provided to meet the latest approved NFPA 70 National Electrical Code. 7.6 Cycling To achieve specified battery life, a means to limit the depth of discharge
31、to specified levels shall be provided. Batteries classified as “deep cycle” are considered capable of sustaining without damage charge/discharge cycles with depth of discharge up to 80% of rated capacity. However, the number of cycles a deep cycle battery can sustain during its useful life is relate
32、d inversely to the depth of discharge. Other factors may also be important (e.g., temperature). 7.7 Capacity Battery capacity (total) shall be provided to meet the lighting autonomy requirements of section 5.2. 7.8 Disposal and Environmental Considerations Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), and any
33、additional information (if needed) for safe handling, transport and disposal of the batteries shall be provided. Users should familiarize themselves with the MSDS, transport and disposal requirements for the battery types chosen for use. Disposal should be handled in accordance with all applicable l
34、ocal, state, and federal guidelines. 8 SOLAR MODULES 8.1 Types and Requirements The solar module(s) shall be listed to UL1703 or equivalent ANSI standard. If the system includes multiple solar modules connected as an array in series and/or parallel combination, the electrical requirements of this st
35、andard apply to the array. The electrical ratings of the solar array (Voc, Isc, Vmp, Imp) shall be compatible with the electrical ratings of the charge controller (Vmax, Voperating, Imax) over the range of expected operating temperatures. The open circuit voltage (Voc) of the array shall not exceed
36、the charge controllers maximum allowed input voltage at the lowest temperature expected for the installation. Power rating (Measured power at STC*) shall be within 5% of nameplate value. Photovoltaic modules typically consist of interconnected cells of semiconductor material (e.g., silicon, “CIGs”,
37、CdTe et al), packaged with all-weather construction suitable for fixed mounting outdoors. Module voltage is determined by cell material and the number of cells in series. Module current is determined by cell size and the number of cells in parallel. *STC (Standard Test Conditions): irradiance=1000 W
38、atts/m2, cell temperature=25 C, spectrum=Air Mass 1.5. C136.40-2014 Page 6 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 8.2 Module Power and Energy As installed, the array shall provide energy sufficient to reliably charge the battery(s) as required in section 5. Photovoltaic modules are rated
39、 for power, not energy. Usually, calculation is required to accurately estimate the energy available to charge the battery(s). The calculation is specific to the installation/location, and is usually performed using computer software, which may be commercial (e.g., PVsyst, PVSOL), public (e.g., PVWA
40、TTS, Solar Advisor Model) or proprietary. Factors that significantly affect the energy produced by the solar array include: 1. Module nameplate power (rated power at 1000 W/m2, 25C, AM1.5 spectrum STC) 2. Installation variables (e.g., elevation from horizontal, north-south orientation, ventilation,
41、shade) 3. Environmental variables (e.g., solar irradiance, temperature) 8.3 Shock and Vibration Module construction and mounting shall tolerate shock and vibration that may normally be encountered in roadway and lighting applications. 9 POWER CONTROLS 9.1 Charge, Load and Lighting controls Three mai
42、n control functions are required: charge control, load control, and lighting control. The charge controller controls the power delivered by the solar array to the battery(s), with the intent of safely and reliably maintaining battery life and a high state of charge. The load controller controls the
43、power available from the battery(s), with the intent of limiting the depth of battery discharge for long battery life. Lighting control controls the operation of the luminaire(s), with the intent of providing more or less light according to a schedule, sensed environmental conditions and/or battery
44、state of charge). These functions may be combined in a single controller, or may be separated. Connections to the controller(s) shall be clearly marked with polarity and function (e.g., “solar”, “battery”, “load”), or a wiring diagram may be provided on the label(s). The charge controller output and
45、 lamp input shall be either hard-wired or equipped with quick-disconnect type plugs or screw-type terminals. If screw-type terminals are provided, they shall be clearly marked with polarity. The controller shall meet the following requirements: Shall be capable of properly charging the battery from
46、the photovoltaic panel, including bulk, absorb, and float stages. Shall provide power to lighting within rated voltage and current limits. Shall provide low-voltage load disconnect. Shall provide dusk (lights on) to dawn (lights off) operation. Shall provide circuit protection sufficient to withstan
47、d a reverse polarity connection to the battery and/or solar panel. 9.2 Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) MPPT is a feature of some solar charge controllers (and inverters) that seek to operate the solar modules at the maximum power voltage (Vmp), independent of the battery voltage. This eliminates
48、 the typical requirement of designing the solar array voltage to be near the battery voltage. A substantial amount of power from the solar panel can be saved, because the loss due to mismatch between battery voltage and solar panel is eliminated by the MPPT. MPPT can reduce the required size of the
49、solar module. C136.40-2014 Page 7 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 10 POLES 10.1 Requirements The poles shall conform to the applicable ANSI standards. 10.2 Mounting See section 5.4 10.3 Weight and Effective Projected Area (EPA) See section 5.4. 11 WIRING/GROUNDING 11.1 Circuit Connections All internal components shall be assembled and prewired so that the luminaire(s), battery(s), power controls, and solar module(s) can be connected or disconnected at a single location (e.g., terminal block or blocks). 11.2 Battery Connections Battery
