1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI/NEMA C29.1-1988 (R2012)Test Methods for Electrical Power InsulatorsANSI/NEMA C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) American National Standard Test Methods for Electrical Power Insulators Secretariat: National Electrical Manufacturers As
2、sociation Approved: September 2012 Published: July 2013 American National Standards Institute, Inc. NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was develo
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15、rds and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should b
16、e addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm,
17、 revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Rosslyn, VA 22209 Copyrig
18、ht 2013 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association All rights reserved including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Convent
19、ions. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) Page i Copyright 2013 by the National Electrical Manufacturers As
20、sociation FOREWORD (This foreword is not part of American National Standard C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) This standard comprises a manual of procedures to be followed in making tests to determine the characteristics of insulators used on electric power systems. This standard is not an insulator specifi
21、cation, but rather a test method to be used in conjunction with insulator specifications. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Rosslyn, VA 22209. This standard was processed and app
22、roved for submittal to ANSI by Accredited Standards Committee on Insulators for Electric Power Lines, C29. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for approval. At the time it approved this standard, the ASC C-29 Committee had the following memb
23、ers: Rob Christman, Chairman Steve Griffith, Secretary Organization Represented: Name of Representative: Edison Electric Institute B. Freimark R. Christman E. Cleckley M. Garrels W. Avery J. Varner (alt) R. Kluge (alt) G. Obenchain (alt) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers T. Grisham J.
24、 Hildreth A. Jagtiani J. Kuffel A. Phillips E. Gnandt (alt) National Electrical Manufacturers Association P. Maloney A. Baker R. A. Bernstorf G. Powell G. A. Stewart E. Kress (alt) Z. Lodi (alt) E. Niedospial (alt) A. Schwalm (alt) Tennessee Valley Authority J. Nelson Western Area Power Administrati
25、on R. Clark C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) Page ii Copyright 2013 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) Page iii Copyright 2013 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD . iv 1 SCOPE 1 2 DEFINITIONS 1 2.1 Insulators and P
26、arts 1 2.2 Low-Frequency Voltages . 2 2.3 Impulse Voltages . 2 2.4 Mechanical Strength 3 2.5 Miscellaneous 3 3 TEST-SPECIMEN MOUNTING FOR ELECTRICAL TESTS 3 3.1 Suspension Insulators . 3 3.2 Line Insulators (Pin, Post) . 4 3.3 Apparatus Insulators (Cap and Pin, Post) . 4 3.4 Strain Insulators 4 3.5
27、Spool Insulators . 5 4 ELECTRICAL TESTS 5 4.1 General 5 4.2 Low-Frequency Dry Flashover Voltage Tests . 5 4.3 Low-Frequency Wet Flashover Voltage Tests 6 4.4 Low-Frequency Dry Withstand Voltage Tests . 7 4.5 Low-Frequency Wet Withstand Voltage Tests . 7 4.6 Low-Frequency Dew Withstand Voltage Tests
28、8 4.7 Impulse Flashover Voltage Tests . 8 4.8 Impulse Withstand Voltage Tests 9 4.9 Radio-Influence Voltage Tests . 9 4.10 Visual Corona Test . 10 4.11 Puncture Tests . 10 5 MECHANICAL TESTS . 11 5.1 Ultimate Mechanical-Strength Tests . 11 5.2 Combined Mechanical-and Electrical-Strength Test (Suspen
29、sion Insulators) 13 5.3 Time-Load-Withstand-Strength Test . 13 5.4 Porosity Test . 13 5.5 Thermal Test . 13 5.6 Pinhole-Gaging Test 14 6 GALVANIZING TEST 14 7 ROUTINE TESTS 14 7.1 Electrical Tests . 14 7.2 Mechanical Tests . 14 8 REVISION OF AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS REFERRED TO IN THIS DOCUMENT .
30、 15 C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) Page iv Copyright 2013 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association TABLE 1 Rate of Increase of Load . 11 FIGURES 1 Low-Frequency Humidity Correction Factors . 16 2 Impulse Humidity Correction Factors 17 C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) Page 1 Copyright 2013 by the Nat
31、ional Electrical Manufacturers Association Electrical Power Insulators Test Methods 1 SCOPE This standard comprises a manual of test methods to be followed in making tests to determine the characteristics of electrical power insulators, as defined herein. Individual tests shall be made only when spe
32、cified 2 DEFINITIONS NOTE: Definitions as given herein apply specifically to the subject treated in this standard. For additional definitions see American National Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms, ANSI/IEEE 100-1988. 2.1 Insulators and Parts 2.1.1 Insulator. An insulator is a
33、 device intended to give flexible or rigid support to electric conductors or equipment and to insulate these conductors or equipment from ground or from other conductors or equipment. An insulator comprises one or more insulating parts to which connecting devices (metal fittings) are often permanent
34、ly attached. 2.1.2 Shell. A shell is a single insulating member, having a skirt or skirts without cement or other connecting devices, intended to form a part of an insulator or an insulator assembly. 2.1.3 Pin Insulator. A pin insulator is an insulator having means for rigid mounting on a separable
35、pin. 2.1.4 Post Insulator. A post insulator is an insulator of generally columnar shape, having means for direct and rigid mounting. 2.1.5 Cap and Pin Insulator. A cap and pin insulator is an assembly of one or more shells with metallic cap and pin, having means for direct and rigid mounting. 2.1.6
36、Line Insulator (Pin, Post). A line insulator is an assembly of one or more shells, having means for semirigidly supporting line conductors. 2.1.7 Apparatus Insulator (Cap and Pin, Post). An apparatus insulator Is an assembly of one or more apparatus-insulator Units, having means for rigidly supporti
37、ng electric equipment. 2.1.7.1 Unit. An apparatus-insulator unit is an assembly of one or more shells with attached metal parts, the function of which is to support rigidly a conductor, bus, or other conducting elements on a structure or base member. 2.1.7.2 Stack. An apparatus-insulator stack is a-
38、rigid assembly of two or more apparatus-insulator units. 2.1.8 Suspension Insulator. A suspension insulator is an insulator with attached metal parts having means for nonrigidly supporting electric conductors. 2.1.8.1 Unit. A suspension-insulator unit is an assembly of a shell and hardware, having m
39、eans for non-rigid coupling to other units or terminal hardware. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/NEMA C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) Page 2 Copyright 2013 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association 2.1.8.2 String. A suspension-insulator string is an assembly of two or
40、more suspension Insulators in tandem. 2.1.9 Strain Insulator. A strain insulator is an insulator generally of elongated shape, with two transverse holes or slots. 2.1.10 Spool Insulator. A spool insulator is an insulator of generally, cylindrical form having an axial mounting hole and a circumferent
41、ial groove or grooves for the attachment of a conductor. 2.1.11 Wire Holder. A wire holder is an insulator of generally cylindrical or pear shape, having a hole for securing the conductor and a screw or bolt for mounting. 2.2 Low-Frequency Voltages 2.2.1 Low Frequency. Low frequency, as used in this
42、 standard, means any frequency between 15 and 100 hertz. 2.2.2 Low-Frequency Flashover Voltage. A low-frequency flashover voltage of an insulator is the root-mean-square value of the low-frequency voltage that, under specified conditions, causes a sustained disruptive discharge through the surroundi
43、ng medium. 2.2.2.1 Dry flashover voltage tests are tests as described in 4.2. 2.2.2.2 Wet flashover voltage tests are tests as described in 4.3. 2.2.3 Low-Frequency Withstand Voltage. A low-frequency withstand voltage of an insulator is the root- mean-square value of the low-frequency voltage that,
44、under specified conditions, can be applied without causing flashover or puncture mean-square value of the low-frequency voltage that, under specified conditions, can be applied without causing flashover or puncture. 2.2.3.1 Dry withstand voltage tests are tests as described in 4.4. 2.2.3.2 Wet withs
45、tand voltage tests are tests as described in 4.5. 2.2.3.3 Dew withstand voltage tests are tests as described in 4.6. 2.2.4 Low-Frequency Puncture Voltage. A low-frequency puncture voltage of an insulator is the toot-mean-square value of the low-frequency voltage that, under specified conditions, cau
46、ses disruptive discharge through any part of the Insulator. Puncture tests are tests as described In 4.11. 2.3 Impulse Voltages 2.3.1 Impulse Wave. An impulse wave is a unidirectional surge generated by the release of electrical energy into an impedance network. 2.3.2 Impulse Flashover Voltage. An I
47、mpulse flash over voltage of an insulator is the crest value of the impulse wave that, under specified conditions, causes flashover through the surrounding medium. 2.3.3 Critical Impulse Flashover Voltage. The critical impulse flashover voltage of an insulator is the crest value of the impulse wave
48、that, under specified conditions, causes flashover through the surrounding medium on 50% of the applications. Impulse flashover voltage tests are tests as described in 4.7. C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) Page 3 Copyright 2013 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association 2.3.4 Impulse Withstand Vo
49、ltage. The impulse withstand voltage of an insulator is the crest value of an applied impulse voltage that, under specified conditions, does not cause a flashover, puncture, or disruptive discharge on the test specimen. Impulse withstand voltage tests are tests as described in 4.8. 2.4 Mechanical Strength 2.4.1 Ultimate Mechanical Strength. The ultimate mechanical strength of an insulator is the load at which any part of the insulator fails to perform its function of providing a mechanical support without regard to electrical failure. Ult
