1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2015)Electric Lamps Procedures for Fluorescent Lamp Sample Preparation and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching ProcedureC78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) American National Standard for Electric Lamps Proced
2、ures for Fluorescent Lamp Sample Preparation and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Secretariat: National Electrical Manufacturers Association Approved: November 19, 2015 American National Standards Institute, Inc. ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page ii 2015 National Electrical Man
3、ufacturers Association NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement am
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17、pretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute, Inc. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on this title page. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn
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19、onal Standards Institute, Inc. Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association All rights, including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Conven
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21、inted in the United States of America ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page ii 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard/NEMA C78.LL1256-2003) Suggestions for improvement of this standard should be submitted to: Secretari
22、at C78 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 This standard was processed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) on Electric Lamps, C78. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee mem
23、bers voted for that approval. Much attention continues to be focused on the disposal of mercury containing lamps, particularly fluorescent lamps. The United States Environmental Protection Agencys Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure is used at both the Federal level and by most states to dete
24、rmine whether or not spent fluorescent lamps should be classified as hazardous waste. This Standard was developed by technical experts in the lamp industry in order to establish a uniform method of sample preparation for fluorescent lamps in order to minimize the inherent variability associated with
25、 TCLP testing of such lamps. This document also specifies other important aspects related to the leaching process that are not specifically defined for lamps by SW-846, “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Physical/Chemical Methods,” but that have been shown in practice to contribute to test var
26、iability, if not properly controlled. ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page iii 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association CONTENTS Foreword. ii 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 2 4 General requirements 3 5 Safety considerations 4 5.1 Safety considerations for integral
27、compact fluorescent lamps 4 5.2 Safety considerations compact fluorescent lamps 4 6 Lamp preparation 4 7 Leaching 4 8 Filtration . 4 9 Storage of the leachate . 5 10 Vessel cleaning . 5 ANNEXES (Normative) Annex 1 Lamp preparation for linear and U-shaped fluorescent lamps 6 Annex 2 Lamp preparation
28、for integral electronic compact fluorescent lamps . 11 Annex 3 Lamp preparation for pin-based compact fluorescent lamps 14 ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page iv 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 1 2015 National Electrical Manufacturer
29、s Association 1 Scope Procedures for preparation of fluorescent lamps for Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) are presented below. These guidelines are intended to supplement the TCLP by supplying specific instructions for size reduction of lamps including integral electronic compact,
30、pin-based compact, linear and U-shaped fluorescent lamps. This standard specifically covers integral electronic compact, pin-based compact, linear and U-shaped fluorescent lamp types. Additional standards have been prepared and are in preparation for high intensity discharge lamps, and other lamp ty
31、pes that require specific sample preparation instructions because of their design or construction. It consolidates and supersedes the following four NEMA standards: NEMA LL 1-1997, Procedures for Linear Fluorescent Lamp Sample Preparation and the TCLP; NEMA LL 2-1997, Procedures for Pin-Based Compac
32、t Fluorescent Lamp Sample Preparation and the TCLP; NEMA LL 5-1999, Procedures for U-shaped Fluorescent Lamp Sample Preparation and the TCLP; and NEMA LL 6-1996, Procedures for Integral Electronic Compact Fluorescent Lamp Sample Preparation and the TCLP. The protocol that follows is grouped to inclu
33、de general requirements, safety considerations, lamp preparation, leaching, filtration, storage, and leaching vessel reuse. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time o
34、f publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Toxicity Characteristic Lea
35、ching Procedure (TCLP), 55 FR 126, pp. 26987-26998, June 29, 1990 United States Environmental Protection AgencySW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Physical/Chemical Methods ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 2 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 3 Definitions compac
36、t fluorescent lamp: A low pressure mercury electric-discharge source in which a fluorescing coating transforms some of the ultraviolet energy generated by the mercury discharge into visible light. These sources are intended to replace many incandescent lamps. There are two broad classes of compact f
37、luorescent lamps, integral and pin-based. integral electronic compact fluorescent lamp: This class combines a lamp, electronic ballast, and adapter (usually as a screw-in base which fits an incandescent lamps holder or socket) in a single sealed assembly, which must be discarded when the lamp burns
38、out. See Figure 1 for examples of integral electronic compact fluorescent lamps. Note: The most discernable difference between integral electronic and magnetic compact fluorescent lamps is that the electrical part of the electronic lamp consists of a large number of relatively small and light-weight
39、 electronic components (e.g., resistors, capacitors, switching devices, coils, transistors, etc.), while the electrical part of the magnetic lamp consists of one relatively big and heavy copper-iron transformer and some small components (e.g., diodes, capacitors, and resistors). Electronic lamps ope
40、rate at a frequency that is much higher (typically 20 kHz or higher) than the mains frequency, whereby magnetic lamps operate at a frequency that is approximately the same as the mains or input frequency (60 Hz). pin-based compact fluorescent lamp: This class includes those lamps that are separate f
41、rom an adapter and ballast combination. Unless otherwise noted, compact fluorescent lamp in the remainder of this standard refers to the pin-based class of lamps. U-shaped fluorescent lamp: A low pressure mercury electric-discharge, U-shaped source in which a fluorescing coating transforms some of t
42、he ultraviolet energy generated by the mercury discharge into visible light. U-shaped types include lamps with a nominal overall length of 57 cm (22 7/16 in) from base to bend. See Figure 2 for a diagram of a U-shaped fluorescent lamp with the various parts mentioned in this Standards Publication la
43、beled linear fluorescent lamp: A low pressure mercury electric-discharge, straight-shaped source in which a fluorescing coating transforms some of the ultraviolet energy generated by the mercury discharge into visible light. Linear types include four-foot lamps, with a nominal overall length of 121.
44、9 cm (48 in.), and eight-foot lamps, with a nominal overall length of 243.8 cm (96 in.). See Figure 3 for a diagram of a linear fluorescent lamp with the various parts mentioned in this standards publication labeled. ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 3 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers
45、Association Globe ReflectorFigure 1 Example of Integral Electronic Compact Fluorescent Lamps FilamentGlass StemExhaust TubeLeg Support BarTubeStarting Aid Strip(Optional)Brass PinEndcapFigure 2 Example of a U-shaped Fluorescent Lamp Figure 3 Example of a Linear Fluorescent Lamp Filament Tube End Cap
46、 Glass Stem Exhaust Tube Pin ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 4 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 4 General requirements TCLP must be performed on the entire lamp in a single leaching vessel large enough to contain an amount equal to 20 times the weight of the lamp. In case
47、s where the weight of a single whole lamp is less than 100 grams, a number of whole lamps must be combined to provide a sample of at least 100 grams. As an alternative, TCLP may be performed on the entire lamp using two leaching vessels large enough to contain an amount equal to 20 times the weight
48、of one-half the lamp. (Annex 1 provides a method for using two vessels) All lamp components must be reduced in size to pass through a 0.95 cm (3/8 in) sieve. 5 Safety considerations 5.1 Safety considerations for integral compact fluorescent lamps Integral compact fluorescent lamps with electronic ba
49、llasts contain a great variety of components for proper operation of the circuit. Some of these components are capacitors. Before attempting any work on the circuit, these capacitors must be discharged by a short across their leads with a piece of metal, such as a screwdriver with an insulated handle. 5.2 Safety considerations pin-based compact fluorescent lamps Compact fluorescent lamps have a plastic base with either two or four pins. The following applies to two-pin lamps only. Compact fluorescent lamps with two pins contain a globottle and capacitor in th
