1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C82.12-1999Lamp Ballasts Fluorescent AdaptersSTD-NEMA C82-12-ENGL 1777 W bi70247 0523270 b78 ANSI C82.12-1999 First Edition American National Standard I Approved March 18, 1999 Secretariat: National Electrical Manufacturers
2、Association I For Lamp Ballasts- Fluorescent Adapters An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. It is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Stand
3、ard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. Users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. The American National Standards Institu
4、te does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. CAUTION NOT
5、ICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current informatio
6、n on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Copyright O1 999 by American National Lighting Group/National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209 ANSI C82.12-1999 First Edition American National Standard Appro
7、val of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisi
8、ons. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all vi
9、ews and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether shehe has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, process
10、es, or procedures not conforming to the standards. It is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. More
11、over, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the Committee Secretariat referred to on the title page. CAUTION NOTICE: This Am
12、erican National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reatfirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all sta
13、ndards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Printed and distributed by: Information Handling ServiceslGlobal Engineering Documents 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 801 12-5776 Under Contract with National Electrical Manufacturers Association Copyright O1 999 by Americ
14、an National Lighting Group In Affiliation with National Electrical Manufacturers Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or othewise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States
15、of America ii Copyright O 1999 by American National Lighting Group/National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209 STD-NEMA C82-12-ENGL 1777 b1170247 U521272 Lib0 m ANSI C82.12-1999 First Edition CONTENTS Foreword . v Scope 1 Normative references 1
16、 Definitions 2 Lamp types . 2 Reference lamps . 2 Hot-cathode lamps 2 Ballasting systems . 2 Reference ballasts 2 Rapid-start type systems . 2 Modified rapid-type start systems 3 Preheat (switch) start systems 3 Programmed start systems . 3 High frequency adapter . 3 Characteristics 4 Input power fa
17、ctor . 4 Current crest factor . 4 Ballast factor . 4 Input current harmonic distortion . 4 Marking 5 Requirements . 5 General 5 starting conditions . 5 Starting . 5 Lamp starting time vs . stating current requirement 5 output 5 System light output 5 Minimum ballast factor 5 Dimmable systems . 5 Lamp
18、 current operating frequency . 6 Cathode preheating current 6 Regulation 6 Operating-current waveshape . 6 Lamp operating current ratio . 5 Supplementary cathode heating . 6 Electromagnetic interference suppression 6 Safety . 6 Input current, harmonic distortion and power factor 6 Line transient req
19、uirements 7 Inrush currents 7 Dimmable systems . 7 End of lamp life . 7 Operating temperature limits . 8 Average voltage for satisfactory operation 8 Audible sound level . 8 Application requirements 8 Table 1 . 7 iii Copyright O 1999 by American National Lighting GrouplNational Electrical Manufactur
20、ers Association 1300 North 17th Street. Suite 1847. Rosslyn. VA 22209 STD-NEMA CdZ-LZ-ENGL 1777 M b1170247 0523273 3T7 D ANSI C82.12-1999 First Edition Foreword (This Foreword is not part of ANSI C82.12-1999.) Suggestions for improvement of this standard should be submitted to the Secretariat C82, A
21、merican National Lighting Group of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209. This standard was processed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee on Electric Lamps, C82, and its Sub-Committee, C82-1. Committee approval of the stan
22、dard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for that approval. At the time it approved this standard, the C82 Committee had the following members: Nom Grirnshaw, Chair C82 Ken Denton, Technical Coordinator Randolph N. Roy, Secretariat Matt Clark, Coordinating Editor Organization
23、 Represented: Name of Representative: Advance Transformer Company ENTERGY Services, Inc. GE Lighting Indy Lighting, Inc. (Delegate) Intertek Testing Services Mag neTe k OSRAM SYLVAN IA Philips Lighting Company Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Norman Grimshaw William ”Al” Maguire Rolf Bergman Ted Yahr
24、aus Craig Davenport Michael A. Stein Peter Bleasby David Fox (Alt.) AI Rousseau John Marshall At the time it approved this standard, the C82-1 Sub-Committee had the following members: Ken Denton, Chair, C82-1 Randolph N. Roy, Secretariat Organization Represented: Advance Transformer Company General
25、Electric MagneTek Motorola Lighting, Inc. OSRAM SYLVANIA INC. Philips Lighting Company Thomas (2) such heating is accomplished either by means of low-voltage heater windings in the ballast itself, by separate low-voltage transformers, or by other means of heating the cathodes; (3)* sufficient voltag
26、e is applied across the lamp and between the lamp and the starting aid (usually the fixture itself) to initiate the discharge when the cathodes reach a temperature high enough for adequate emission; and (4) cathode heating is maintained even after the lamp is in full operation. 2 Copyright O I999 by
27、 American National Lighting/National Electrical Manufacturers Assoaation 1300 North 1 71h Street, Suite 1847, Rossiyn, VA 22209 STD.NEMA C2.LZ-ENGL 1777 bq70247 052L27b OOb ANSI C82.12-1999 First Edition NOTE: Several types of rapid-start systems have evolved: (1) those for lamps with nominal 3.6 vo
28、lt cathodes (low resistance) and (2) those for lamps with nominal 8.0 volt cathodes (high resistance). In some cases the same lamp can be suitable for operation in either rapid-start or switch start (preheat-start) system. Other starting scenarios to follow. 3.2.3 Modified rapid-start type systems T
29、hose systems in which hot-cathode electric discharge lamps are operated under the following conditions: (1) the lamps are started with the cathodes heated to a temperature sufficient for adequate electron emission and without establishing local ionization across the cathodes; (2) such heating is acc
30、omplished either by means of low-voltage heater windings in the ballast itself, by separate low-voltage transformers, or by other means of heating the cathodes; (3)* sufficient voltage is applied across the lamp and between the lamp and the starting aid (usually the fixture itself) to initiate the d
31、ischarge when the cathodes reach a temperature high enough for adequate emission; and (4) cathode heating is reduced or removed after the lamp is in full operation. 3.2.4 Preheat (switch)-start systems Systems in which hot-cathode electric discharge lamps are started with the cathodes preheated thro
32、ugh the use of a starting switch, either manual or automatic in its operation. The starting switch, when closed, connects the two cathodes, in series, in the ballast circuit so that current flows to heat the cathodes to emission temperature. When the switch is opened, a voltage surge is produced whi
33、ch initiates the discharge. Only the arc current flows through the cathodes after the lamp is in operation. 3.2.5 Programmed start systems Those systems in which hot-cathode electric discharge lamps are operated under the following conditions: (1) the lamps are started with the cathodes heated to a
34、temperature sufficient for adequate electron emission and without establishing local ionization across the cathodes; (2) such heating is accomplished by supplying the required energy from a voltage or current source in the ballast, while during the heating period the voltage across the lamp is kept
35、below a level to initiate any discharge; (3) after the heating period the voltage across the lamp is increased to a sufficient level to initiate the discharge; and (4) cathode heating may be reduce or removed after the lamp is in full operation. * NOTE: In general, references to the starting aid (a
36、grounded metal fixture) do not apply to ballasted adapters. Adapters are generally used in applications where the lamp is not close enough to a grounded metal surface to act as a starting aid. 3.2.6 High frequency adapter A device which operates at a supply frequency of 50 or 60 Hz and operates the
37、lamp at frequencies between 20kHz and 5OOkHz. Copyright O 1999 by American National Lighting/National Electfical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17h Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209 3 ANSI C82.12-1999 First Edition 3.3 Characteristics 3.3.1 Input power factor Power Factor is dependent upon
38、 the currents wave shape as well as the phase relationship between the current and voltage. The power factor is to be calculated by determining the ration of the active power to the apparent power. The active power is to be measured with a wattmeter capable of indicating the active (or real, average
39、) power in watts. The apparent power is to be the product of the true rms values of the input voltage and current. Power Factor = Active Power (watts) Apparent Power (volt amperes) 3.3.2 Current crest factor Current Crest Factor is defined as the ratio of peak current to rrns current. The High Frequ
40、ency Current Crest Factor is equal to the peak current of the modulated or unmodulated envelope divided by the rms current. 3.3.3 Ballast factor The output of a ballast delivered to a reference lamp(s) in terms of power or light divided by the output of the relevant reference ballast delivered to th
41、e same reference lamp(. 3.3.4 Input current, harmonic distortion The ratio of the MIS value of all the harmonics to the rms value of the fundamental. NOTE: Some instrumentation permits the user to define THD as the ratio of the harmonics to either the mis of the fundamental or the mis of the total.
42、It is recommended that the term “THD(fund)“ or “THD(rms)“ be used in lighting standards and product labeling to identify the definition. Possible end-user confusion is avoided. The following relationships are useful for the conversion purposes. THD(rms) = - 1 +THD(fund) or THD(fund) = a 4 Copyright
43、O 1999 by American National LightinglNational Electrical Manufacturen Association 1300 North 17“ Street, Suite 1847, Rocslyn, VA 22209 ANSI C82.12-1999 First Edition 4 Marking Fluorescent lamp adapter markings shall comply with UL 1993. 5 Requirements 5.1 General Measurements necessary to determine
44、adapter performance shall be made in accordance with ANSI C82.2 as applicable. 5.2 Starting conditions 5.2.1 Starting For satisfactory lamp starting, when operated at any supply voltage between 90% and 110% of its rated supply voltage and frequency, an adapter shall follow the requirements of this s
45、tandard or as specified otherwise in the normative paragraph of this standard. 5.2.2 Lamp starting time vs. starting current requirement Adapters utilizing high frequency circuits shall meet the requirements of starting time and starting current as defined in C82.11. 5.3 output An adapter shall prov
46、ide the operating characteristics given in 5.3.1 and 5.3.2 when connected to any specified complement of reference lamps. 5.3.1 System light output With rated voltage applied to the input of the adapter, the minimum light output is the product of the ballast factor and the light output of the same r
47、eference lamp when operated on its reference ballast at its rated voltage. 5.3.1.1 Minimum ballast factor With rated voltage applied to the input of the adapter, the minimum ballast factor shall be 0.925 or 92.5%. Adapters utilizing either continuous or step dimming should be tested at their full li
48、ght output settings. 5.3.1.2 Dimmable systems Refer to the appropriate lamp data sheets to determine proper lamp operation at lower light output levels. Limits are under consideration. 5.3.2 Lamp operating current ratio Adapters shall deliver current to a reference lamp, as measured in percent of th
49、e current delivered to the same lamp by a reference ballast, within the limits 92.5% to 107.5%. Both the 5 Copyright O 1999 by American National LightinglNational Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17“ Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209 ANSI C82.12-1999 First Edition reference ballast and the adapter under test shall be operated at their rated voltage and frequency . 5.3.3 Lamp current operating frequency To limit incompatibility with infrared remote controls, the lamp operating frequency for high frequency ballasted adapters should be greater than 40 kHz. These fre
