1、ANS I/N IS0 239.79-2001 ISSN: 1041-5653 Environmental Conditions for Exhibiting Library and Archival Materials Abstract: This standard establishes criteria to minimize the effect of environmental factors on deterioration of library and archival materials on exhibit. Specific parameters are recommend
2、ed for exposure to light, relative humidity, temperature, gaseous and particulate contaminants, display techniques, and case and support material compo- nents. The standard is intended as a guide for librarians, archivists, exhibition designers, and others involved in preparing library and archival
3、materials for exhibition. An American National Standard Developed by the National Information Standards Organization Approved March 2, 2001 by the American National Standards Institute Published by the National Information Standards Organization Bethesda, Maryland NISO Press, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S
4、.A. Published by NISO Press 4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 300 Bethesda, MD 20814 ww. ni so. org Copyright 02001 by the National Information Standards Organization All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in an
5、y form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to NISO Press, 4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20814. Printed in t
6、he United States of America ISSN: 1041 -5653 National Information Standard Series ISBN: 1-880124-44-0 This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO 239.48-1 992 (R 1997) Permanence of Paper. Librcry of Congress Catdoging-in-Publicdion Data National Information Standards Organization (U.S.) Environm
7、ental conditions for exhibiting library and archival materials: an American national standard/developed by the National Information Standards Organization. p. cm. - (National information standards series, ISSN 1041-5653) “ANSI/NISO 239.79-2001 .“ ISBN 1-8801 24-44-0 (alk. paper) 1 . Library exhibits
8、-Environmental management-Standards-United States. 2. Library materials-Conservation and restoration-Standards-United States. 3. Archival materials-Conservation and restoration-Standards-United States. I. Title. III. Series. 271 7.5 .N37 2001 021.7-dc21 00-052705 Contents Foreword v 1. Scope and Pur
9、pose . 1 . 1 1.1 Scope . 1.1.1 Library and Archival Materials Included . 1.1.2 Library and Archival Materials Excluded 1.1.3 Environmental and Physical Conditions Included . 1.1.4 Environmental and Physical Conditions Excluded . 1 2 2. Definitions 2 1.2 Purpose . 3. Light 5 . 5 . 6 . . 6 3.4 Light S
10、ources . 6 3.5 Radiation . 6 3.5.2 Heat . . 6 3.6 Recordkeeping . 3.7 Inspection. . . 7 4. Relative Humidity 7 . 7 . 7 7 3.1 Duration of Exhibition . 4.1 Choice of Level 4.2 Range 4.3 Optima s . . 7 4.4 Seasonal Drift . 4.5 Monitoring . 7 4.6 Recordkeeping 8 4.7 Inspection 8 5. Temperature . 8 5.1 S
11、et Point 8 5.2 Range 8 . . . . . 5.3 Monitoring . 8 5.4 Recordkeeping 8 5.5 Inspection 8 6. Pollutants . 8 6.1 Levels . 8 6.2 Sources 6.3 Choice of Construction Materials . 9 . 6.3.1 Design and Construction 6.3.2 Scavengers . 9 6.4 Inspection . 6.5 Monitoring . 9 6.5.1 Passive Monitors . . 9 . 9 (co
12、n tin ued) Page iii 6.6 Presence of Pollutants ANS I/N IS O 239.79-2001 7. Exhibit Case Materials, Design, and Construction . 10 7.1 Choice of Material . 10 10 7.2 Curing and Drying . 10 7.3 Environment 10 . 10 7.4 Dimensions . 7.5 Object Chamber 10 7.6 Mechanical and Electrical Components . 10 7.7
13、Lighting 11 . 11 7.8 Flammabili . 7.9 Water Da . 11 8. Display Considerations and Structures for Bound and Unbound Materials. 11 8.1 Evaluation for Display 11 8.2 Choice of Materials . 11 8.2.1 Evaluation 11 8.2.2 Metal Fasteners . 11 8.3 Placement . 12 8.3.1 Safe Contact . . 12 8.3.2 Stacking 12 8.
14、3.3 Exhibit Labels . 12 8.3.4Tapes . 12 8.3.5 Angle of Display . 12 . 12 8.4.1 Angle of Opening . 12 8.4.2 Supports 12 8.4.3 Blocks or Wedges . . 12 8.4.4 Angle of Display . 12 . 12 8.4.5 Cradles . 8.4.6 Text Block Supports . 13 8.4.7 Large and Heavy Volumes . 13 8.4.8 Straps . 13 . 13 8.4.9 Duratio
15、n . 13 . 13 14 . 14 14 9. Other Considerations 14 9.1 Food and Drink 14 9.2 Pests and Insects . . 14 Bibliography 15 7. 1.1 Evaluation . . 8.4 Bound materials . . 8.5.4 Support Cards Appendixes A Factors in Planning and Maintaining Library and Archival Exhibits . 16 B Materials Used in Construction
16、of Exhibit Cases . 23 C Materials Used for Physical Supports or Restraints . 27 Table 1. Materials especially vulnerable to pollutants 18 Page iv Fo rewo rd (This foreword is not part of the American National Standard Environmental Conditions for Exhibiting Library and Archival Materials, ANSI/NISO
17、239.79-2001. It is included for information only.) This standard addresses environmental factors that should be considered in planning and mounting an exhibit of library and archival materials. The NISO Standards Commit- tee that developed this standard has sought only to establish control parameter
18、s that minimize the potential for damage in an exhibition environment. In presenting these control parameters, the Committee has used phrasing established for NISO standards. Therefore, practices that the Committee agrees are mandatory are phrased as a “shall“ statement. Practices that the Committee
19、 agrees are desirable but not mandatory are phrased as a “should“ statement. Sections 1 and 2 of the standard describe its scope and purpose, and define technical terms used in the standard. Sections 3 through 6 establish the environmental standards for light exposure, relative humidity, temperature
20、, and pollutants. Sections 7, 8, and 9 establish standards for case and display materials and construction. Appendix A pro- vides supplementary information as a foundation for the criteria presented in each of the preceding sections. Appendixes B and C list materials generally recognized to be safe
21、and not safe in the construction of exhibit cases, and physical supports or re- straints for exhibiting library and archival materials. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the National Information Standards Organization. It was balloted by the NISO Voting Members Novemb
22、er 23, 1998 - January 4, 1999. It will next be reviewed in 2006. Suggestions for improving this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the National Information Standards Organization, 4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 2081 4. NISO approval of this standard does not imply that all V
23、oting Members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, NISO had the following Voting Members: NISO Voting Members 3M Jerry Kare1 Carolyn Egeberg (Alt) Academic Press A. W. Kenneth Metzner Edward Pentz (Alt) American Association of Law Libraries Robert L. Oakley Mary Alice Baish
24、 (Alt) American Chemical Society Robert S. Tannehill, Jr. American Library Association Carlen Ruschoff American Medical Association James A. Skowrenski Vanessa Hayden (Alt) American Society for Information Science Kurt Kopp American Society of Indexers Charlotte Skuster Marie Kascus (Alt) American T
25、heolog i ca I Li bra ry Association Myron Chace Ameritech Library Services Carl Grant ARMA International Diane Carlisle Art Libraries Society of North America David L. Austin (continued) Pagev F orew or d ANS I/N IS O 239.79-2001 NISO Voting Members (continued) Association for Information and Image
26、Marilyn Wright Association of Information and Bruce H. Kiesel Association of Jewish Libraries Pearl Berger Elizabeth Vernon (Alt) Association of Research Libraries Duane E. Webster Julia Blixrud (Alt) Blue Angel Technologies Margaret St. Pierre Jeff Tanara (Alt) CARL Corporation Ward Shaw College Ce
27、nter for Library Automation J. Richard Madaus Ann Armbrister (Alt) Committee on Institutional Cooperation Barbara M. Allen Data Research Associates, Inc. Michael J. Mellinger Dialog Corporation David Loy EBSCO Information Services Sandra H. Hurd Melanie Watts (Alt) Elsevier Science Incorporated John
28、 Mancia Endeavor Information Systems, Inc. Verne Coppi Cindy Miller (Alt) The Faxon Company Sandra Gurshman Barbara Albee (Alt) Follett D. Jeffrey Blumenthal Donald Rose (Alt) Gaylord Information Systems James English William Schickling (Alt) GCA Research Institute Jane Harnad Geac Computers, Inc. A
29、ndrew Oates Indiana Cooperative Library Services Authority Millard Johnson Dea Szatkowski (Alt) Innovative Interfaces, Inc. Gerald M. Kline Sandy Westall (Alt) Management Dissemination Centers The International DOI Foundation Norman Paskin Library Binding Institute Sally Moyer The Library Corporatio
30、n Mark P. Wilson Nancy Capps (Alt) Library of Congress Winston Tabb Sally McCallum (Alt) Los Alamos National Laboratory Richard E. Luce Lucent Technologies M.E. Brennan Medi cal Li bra ry Association Hope Barton Carla J. Funk (Alt) MINITEX Cecelia Boone William DeJohn (Alt) Motion Picture Associatio
31、n of America William M. Baker Axel aus der Mhlen (Alt) Music Library Association Lenore Coral Geraldine Ostrove (Alt) National Agricultural Library Pamela O. J. Andre Gary K. McCone (Alt) National Archives and Records Administration Alan Calmes National Federation of Abstracting and JohnSchnepp Nati
32、onal Library of Medicine Betsy L. Humphreys The New England Journal of Medicine Joel H Baron Joseph Curro (Alt) OCLC, Inc. Donald J. Muccino PALINET James E. Rush R.R. Bowker Albert Simmonds The Research Libraries Group, Inc. Kathleen Bales Wayne Davison (Alt) SilverPlatter Information, Inc. Bradley
33、 McLean Denis Lynch (Alt) SIRS, Inc. Leonardo Lazo Harry Kaplanian (Alt) Information Services ( con tin ued) Page vi ANS I/N IS O 239.79-2001 Foreword Society for Technical Communication C.J. Bibus Kevin Burns (Alt) Society of American Archivists Lisa Weber Special Libraries Association Marjorie Hla
34、va SUNYOCLC Mary-Alice Lynch Jane Neale (Alt) Triangle Research Libraries Network Jordan M. Scepanski U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Gretchen A. Schlag Gopalakrishnan Nair (Alt) U.S. National Commission on Libraries and Robert Willard VTLS, Inc. Vinod Chachra The H. W. Wilson Company George I.
35、Lewicky Ann Case (Alt) Technical Information Center Information Science Mona C. Couts (Alt) U.S. Department of Commerce, Win ne bago Software Karen Folstad Carol Blagsvedt (Alt) National Institute of Standards and Technology, Office of Information Servi ces Paul Vassallo NISO Board of Directors At t
36、he time NISO approved this standard, the following individuals served on its Board of Directors: Joel H Baron, Chair The New England Journal of Medicine Dona Id J . M ucci no, Vi ce-C ha r/C ha i r-elect OCLC, Inc. Michael J. McGill, Immediate Past Chair Henry Ford Health System Michael J. Mellinger
37、, Treasurer Data Research Associates, Inc. Patricia R. Harris, Executive Director National Information Standards Organization Pieter S. H. Bolman Academic Press Priscilla Caplan The University of Chicago Library Vinod Chachra VTLS. Inc. Brian Green BIC/EDltEUR Richard E. Luce Los Alamos National Lab
38、oratory Beverly P. Lynch University of California Deanna B. Marcum Council on Library and Information Resources Jordan M. Scepanski Triangle Research Libraries Network Albert Simmonds R. R. Bowker/U.S. ISBN Lennie Stove1 The Research Libraries Group, Inc. ( con tin ued) Pagevii F orew or d ANS I/N I
39、S O 239.79-2001 Standards Committee MM The following individuals served on Committee MM, Environmental Conditions for Exhibiting Library and Archival Materials: Cathy Henderson, Chair University of Texas at Austin David Erhardt Smithsonian Institution Doris Hamburg Library of Congress Steve Heckman
40、Heckman Bindery, Inc Gerald J. Munoff University of Chicago Sue Murphy Harry Ranson Humanities Research Center Kitty Nicholson National Archives Elroy Quenroe Quenroe Associates Eleanore Steward Stanford University Library Steven Weintraub Art Preservation Service Pageviii ANSVNISO 239.79-2001 Envir
41、onmental Conditions for Exhibiting Library and Archival Materials 1. Scope and Purpose This standard is designed so that the user is required to select specific limits for a particular exhibition situation. A number of options may be used to meet the standard. This choice will depend in part on (a)
42、the types, characteristics and condition of material being exhibited, (b) local climatic conditions, (c) considerations of human comfort, (d) available technology for environmental control systems, (e) constraints of existing exhibition areas and exhibit cases, and (f) cost considerations. The limit
43、s chosen should fall within the range of limits recommended in the standard. 1.1 Scope The standard establishes criteria for the environmental factors that contribute to the deterioration of library and archival materials that are on temporary exhibition, .e., for a period of time lasting no longer
44、than 12 months. Exhibitions of a longer duration or permanent exhibitions fall outside the scope of this standard, although many aspects of the standard may be applied to exhibitions of longer duration. Specifically, the standard recommends values or ranges for light, relative humidity, temperature,
45、 and pollutants. It also recommends acceptable components and techniques for the construction and use of exhibit cases and supports. 1 .I .I Library and Archival Materials Included This standard relates to individual bound volumes in various binding styles and com- posed of various materials, printe
46、d ephemera, flat paper, and vellum items (manu- scripts, art on paper, etc.), and photographs. 1 .I .2 Library and Archival Materials Excluded This standard does not relate to textiles, sculpture, decorative art objects, art on canvas, or other items not based on paper or vellum that may be found in
47、 libraries and archives. 1 .I .3 Environmental and Physical Conditions Included This standard addresses environmental conditions, including exposure to light, relative humidity, temperature, and pollutants, that directly affect exhibited items. These include the microenvironment (within the exhibit
48、case or frame), the macroenvironment (out- side the exhibit case but within a room), and the relationship between the macroenvironment and the environment within new or existing exhibit cases. In addi- tion, the method of support of exhibited items is addressed. 1 .I .4 Environmental and Physical Co
49、nditions Excluded This standard does not address environmental or physical conditions for library and archival materials in transit, or physical supports that are to be used for long-term storage at the conclusion of an exhibition. Page 1 DEFINITIONS ANSVNISO 239.79-2001 1.2 Purpose This standard is intended to set parameters for environmental and physical exhibit conditions that minimize the potential for damage to library and archival materials on display. The standard is intended to serve as a guide for librarians, archivists, exhibition designers, exhibition preparators, and o
