1、NSF International Standard / American National StandardNSF/ANSI 44 - 2016Residential Cation ExchangeWater SoftenersNSF International, an independent, not-for-profit, non-governmental organization, is dedicated to being the leading global provider of public health and safety-based risk management sol
2、utions while serving the interests of all stakeholders. This Standard is subject to revision. Contact NSF to confirm this revision is current. Users of this Standard may request clarifications and interpretations, or propose revisions, by contacting: Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatmen
3、t Units c/o NSF International 789 North Dixboro Road, P. O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140 USA Phone: (734) 769-8010 Telex: 753215 NSF INTL FAX: (734) 769-0109 E-mail: infonsf.org Web: http:/www.nsf.orgi NSF/ANSI 44 2016 NSF International Standard/ American National Standard for Drinking
4、Water Treatment Units Residential cation exchange water softeners Standard Developer NSF International NSF International Designated as an ANSI standard September 19, 2016 American National Standards Institute ii Prepared by The NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units Recommended for ad
5、option by The NSF Council of Public Health Consultants Adopted by The NSF Board of Directors December 1987 Revised November 1996 Revised February 2002 Revised February 2012 Revised November 1998 Editorial revision December 2003 Revised December 2013 Revised September 1999 Revised June 2004 Revised J
6、anuary 2015 Revised May 2000 Revised October 2007 Revised October 2015 Revised November 2000 Revised August 2009 Revised January 2017 Revised January 2001 Revised February 2002 Published by NSF International PO Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA For ordering copies or for making inquiri
7、es with regard to this Standard, please reference the designation “NSF/ANSI 44 2016.” Copyright 2017 NSF International Previous editions 2015, 2013, 2012, 2009, 2007, 2004, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1996, 1987 Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized
8、in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from NSF International. Printed in the United States of America. iii Disclaimers1 NSF, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume or undertak
9、e to discharge any responsibility of the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of NSF represent its professional judgment. NSF shall not be responsible to anyone for the use of or reliance upon this Standard by anyone. NSF shall not incur any obligation or liability for damages,
10、 including consequential damages, arising out of or in connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this Standard. NSF Standards provide basic criteria to promote sanitation and protection of the public health. Provisions for mechanical and electrical safety have not been included in
11、 this Standard because governmental agencies or other national standards-setting organizations provide safety requirements. Participation in NSF Standards development activities by regulatory agency representatives (federal, local, state) shall not constitute their agencys endorsement of NSF or any
12、of its Standards. Preference is given to the use of performance criteria measurable by examination or testing in NSF Standards development when such performance criteria may reasonably be used in lieu of design, materials, or construction criteria. The illustrations, if provided, are intended to ass
13、ist in understanding their adjacent standard requirements. However, the illustrations may not include all requirements for a specific product or unit, nor do they show the only method of fabricating such arrangements. Such partial drawings shall not be used to justify improper or incomplete design a
14、nd construction. Unless otherwise referenced, the annexes are not considered an integral part of NSF Standards. The annexes are provided as general guidelines to the manufacturer, regulatory agency, user, or certifying organization. 1 The information contained in this Disclaimer is not part of this
15、American National Standard (ANS) and has not been pro-cessed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Disclaimer may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for con-formance
16、 to the Standard. This page is intentionally left blank.v Contents 1 General . 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Scope . 1 1.3 Alternate materials, design, and construction 1 1.4 Treatment train . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Definitions . 2 4 Materials . 2 4.1 Materials in contact with drinking water . 2 4.2 M
17、aterials evaluation . 3 4.3 Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis 4 5 Structural performance . 13 5.1 Structural integrity 13 6 Minimum performance requirements 18 6.1 Hazards 18 6.2 Waste connections . 18 6.3 Brine tank . 19 6.4 Operation . 19 6.5 Performance indication 19 6.6 Chemi
18、cal and mechanical performance . 19 7 Elective performance claims Test methods . 33 7.1 Scope . 33 7.2 Barium and radium reduction . 35 7.3 Conformance by calculation . 37 8 Instruction and information . 41 8.1 Installation, operation, and maintenance instructions 41 8.2 Data plate . 43 8.3 Performa
19、nce data sheet . 44 Annex A . A1 Annex B . B1 Annex C.C1 This page is intentionally left blank.vii Foreword2 The purpose of this Standard is to establish minimum requirements for materials, design, construction, and performance of drinking water treatment units that are designed to reduce specific a
20、esthetic-related contaminants in public or private water supplies. This Standard specifies the minimum product literature and labeling information that a manufacturer must supply to authorized representatives and system owners. Lastly, the Standard provides minimum service-related obligations that t
21、he manufacturer must extend to system owners. This edition of the Standard contains the following revisions: Issue 41 CAS numbers were added to Table 4.1 (previously Table 1) of the materials evaluation criteria. The tables in this edition have also been changed to reflect the appropriate section in
22、 which it is located: Previous edition of NSF/ANSI 44 Current edition of NSF/ANSI 44 Table 1 Table 4.1 Table 2 Table 4.2 Table 3 Table 4.3 Table 4 Table 4.4 Table 5 Table 5.1 Table 6 Table 6.1 This Standard was developed by the NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units using the consensu
23、s process described by the American National Standards Institute. Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. This Standard is maintained on a Continuous Maintenance schedule and can be opened for comment at any time. Comments should be sent to Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking Water
24、Treatment Units at standardsnsf.org or c/o NSF International, Standards Department, P.O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA. 2 The information contained in this Foreword is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements
25、 for an ANS. Therefore, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Standard. This page is intentionally left blank.1 2017 NSF NSF/ANSI 44 2016 NSF/ANSI Standard
26、 for Drinking Water Treatment Units Residential cation exchange water softeners 1 General 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this Standard is to establish minimum requirements for materials, design and construction, and performance of residential cation exchange water softeners. This Standard also specifies
27、 the minimum product literature that manufacturers shall supply to authorized representatives and owners, as well as the minimum service-related obligations that manufacturers shall extend to owners. 1.2 Scope The manual, autoinitiated, and demand-initiated regeneration residential cation exchange w
28、ater softeners addressed by this Standard are designed to be used for the removal of hardness and the reduction of specific contaminants from drinking water supplies (public or private) considered to be microbiologically safe and of known quality. Systems with components or functions covered under o
29、ther NSF or NSF/ANSI Standards or Criteria shall conform to the applicable requirements therein. 1.3 Alternate materials, design, and construction While specific materials, design, and construction may be stipulated in this Standard, systems that incorporate alternate materials, designs, and constru
30、ction may be acceptable when it is verified that such systems meet the applicable requirements. 1.4 Treatment train A system that contains multiple, sequential treatment technologies for a performance claim under this Standard shall meet the applicable requirements as described in Annex C. 2 Normati
31、ve references The following documents contain requirements that, by reference in this text, constitute requirements of this Standard. At the time of publication, the indicated editions were valid. All of the documents are subject to revision and parties are encouraged to investigate the possibility
32、of applying the recent editions of the documents indicated below. The most recent published edition of the document shall be used for undated references. NSF/ANSI 53 Drinking water treatment units Health effects NSF/ANSI 61 Drinking water system components Health effects USEPA-600/4-79-020, Methods
33、for the Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, March 19833 3 USEPA, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268 . 2017 NSF NSF/ANSI 44 2016 2 USEPA-600/4-88-039, Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water, December 1988 (Revised July 1991)4 USEPA-6
34、00/4-90-020, Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water, Supplement I, July 19904 USEPA-600/R-92-129, Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water Supplement II, August 19924 USEPA-600/R-94-111, Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmenta
35、l Samples, Supplement 1, May 19944 USEPA-600/R-95-131, Method for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water Supplement III, August 19955 USEPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, 40 CFR Part 141, July 1, 20025 USEPA National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations, 40 CFR Part 1
36、43, July 1, 20025 USFDA Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, (Food and Drugs) Direct Food Additive Substances Parts 170 through 199, April 1, 20025 3 Definitions Terms used in this Standard that have a specific technical meaning are defined in NSF/ANSI 330. 4 Materials 4.1 Materials in contact wit
37、h drinking water 4.1.1 POE drinking water treatment units shall conform to the protocol and criteria in NSF/ANSI 61. 4.1.2 POU drinking water treatment units shall conform to the protocol and criteria in this section. 4.1.3 Acceptance criteria 4.1.3.1 Materials in contact with drinking water shall n
38、ot impart levels of target compounds or Tentatively Identified Compounds (TICs) that exceed the Total Allowable Concentration (TAC), Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL), or Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC) criteria specified in Tables 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 or specified in NSF/ANSI 61 Annex D and E. An
39、y extractable contaminants not listed in the referenced Tables shall be reviewed and shall not exceed criteria developed in accordance with NSF/ANSI 61 Annex A. 4.1.3.2 TIC identification and quantitation shall be conducted in accordance with section 4.3.1.2. Additional TIC identification and quanti
40、tation should be verified using a standard of the compound in question or an alternate approved analytical method. Additional TIC identification and quantitation is recommended when the contaminant is a health risk or when the “Probability Based Matching” process in section 4.3.1.2 is inconclusive.
41、When possible, the product manufacturer should assist and support the testing laboratory in the identification of a standard for the compound and an appropriate analytical method, if applicable, so that confirmatory identification and quantification can be performed. If a standard and an adequate al
42、ternative 4 USEPA, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460 . 5 Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 . 2017 NSF NSF/ANSI 44 2016 3 analytical method are not available to verify the identification and quantitation of the compound, the TIC
43、 shall be evaluated according to section 4.3.1.2. NOTE Manufacturers may not be privy to formulation information, so they may not be able to assist a testing laboratory to identify a standard for the compound that extracted. Refer to Section 4.3.1.2 when the manufacturer does not have material formu
44、lation information. 4.1.3.3 Unknown contaminants detected by GC/MS analysis for which identification is unable to be made after performing the steps in 4.3.1 shall be reported in accordance to 4.1.4.2. 4.1.3.4 Whole-system or component assembly extraction testing may be waived if components, when se
45、parately tested, meet the requirements of this Standard and are assembled in a manner that does not introduce any new components or materials, increase the surface area-to-volume ratio of previously evaluated components, or present potential concern based on cumulative factors. The reported extracta
46、ble concentrations for components shall be arithmetically added to ensure that the whole-system or component assembly meets the allowable levels in accordance with Tables 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 and Annex A, D, and E of NSF/ANSI 61. 4.1.4 Data reporting 4.1.4.1 All contaminants identified and detected at
47、or above the reporting limit shall be reported with the identification of the contaminant, the concentration, and whether it exceeds the acceptance criteria as required in Section 4.1.3. Contaminants detected below the reporting limit shall be reported to the manufacturer as less than the reporting
48、limits value. Example: If the labs reporting limit is 1.0 mg/L for analyte “X” and the concentration was detected at 0.5 mg/L, the lab shall report less than 1.0 mg/L or =143). b) The chemical class information shall be reported if this determination is possible. c) The laboratory shall report the p
49、resence of the common halogens chlorine and bromine utilizing their characteristic “M+2” patterns. d) The product material formulation(s) shall be reviewed for potential identification of the unknown contaminant(s) as an ingredient or byproduct; e) The manufacturer shall be notified and requested to provide supporting information that enables identification of the unknown contaminant(s); f) Structure activity relationships (SAR) shall be utilized when sufficient structural identification of the unknown contaminant(s) can be made; and g) Alternative met
