1、 ANSI/ESD STM12.1-2013 Revision of ANSI/ESD STM12.1-2006 For the Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items Seating Resistance Measurements Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3 Rome, NY 13440 An American National Standard Approved May 5, 2014 ANSI/ESD STM12.1-201
2、3 ESD Association Standard Test Method for the Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items - Seating Resistance Measurements Approved July 15, 2013 ESD Association ANSI/ESD STM12.1-2013 i Electrostatic Discharge Association (ESDA) standards and publications are designed to serve the publ
3、ic interest by eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating the interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining the proper product for his particular needs. The existence of such standards and publications sha
4、ll not, in any respect, preclude any member or non-member of the Association from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such standards and publications. Nor shall the fact that a standard or publication that is published by the Association preclude its voluntary use by non-members of t
5、he Association, whether the document is to be used domestically or internationally. Recommended standards and publications are adopted by the ESDA in accordance with the ANSI Patent policy. Interpretation of ESDA Standards: The interpretation of standards, in-so-far as it may relate to a specific pr
6、oduct or manufacturer, is a proper matter for the individual company concerned and cannot be undertaken by any person acting for the ESDA. The ESDA Standards Chairman may make comments limited to an explanation or clarification of the technical language or provisions in a standard, but not related t
7、o its application to specific products and manufacturers. No other person is authorized to comment on behalf of the ESDA on any ESDA Standard. THE CONTENT OF ESDAS STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS ARE PROVIDED “AS-IS,” AND ESDA MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, OF ANY KIND WITH
8、 RESPECT TO SUCH CONTENT. ESDA DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, TITLE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. ESDA STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS ARE CONSIDERED TECHNICALLY SOUND AT THE TIME THEY ARE APPROV
9、ED FOR PUBLICATION. THEY ARE NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR A PRODUCT SELLERS OR USERS OWN JUDGEMENT WITH RESPECT TO ANY PARTICULAR PRODUCT DISCUSSED, AND ESDA DOES NOT UNDERTAKE TO GUARANTEE THE PERFORMANCE OF ANY INDIVIDUAL MANUFACTURERS PRODUCTS BY VIRTUE OF SUCH STANDARDS OR PUBLICATIONS. THUS, ESDA EXPRE
10、SSLY DISLAIMS ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE, APPLICATION, OR RELIANCE BY OTHERS ON THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THESE STANDARDS OR PUBLICATIONS. NEITHER ESDA, NOR ITS MEMBERS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, OR OTHER REPRESENTATIVES WILL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF, OR IN CONNECT
11、ION WITH, THE USE OR MISUSE OF ESDA STANDARDS OR PUBLICATIONS, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY THAT APPLIES TO ALL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOSS OF DATA, INCOME, OR PROFIT, LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY AND CLAIMS
12、OF THIRD PARTIES. Published by: Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3 Rome, NY 13440 Copyright 2014 by ESD Association All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permi
13、ssion of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-58537-256-0CAUTION NOTICE DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES DISCLAIMER OF GUARANTY LIMITATION ON ESDAs LIABILITY ANSI/ESD STM12.1-2013 i (This foreword is not part of ESD Association Standard Test Method ANSI/ESD STM12.1-2013) FOREWORD T
14、his standard test method1 is intended to provide test methods for evaluating seating used to control electrostatic discharge. This standard test method covers all types of seating including chairs and stools. This standard test method is limited to defining procedures for measuring electrical resist
15、ance. Electrical resistance is one property that can be used to evaluate the electrostatic dissipation of seating intended for use in ESD controlled areas. Resistance, however, does not fully characterize seating. An additional property to be considered in the selection and use of seating includes t
16、riboelectric charge generation. One source of electrostatic charge generation in a work environment is the separation of personnel from chairs, stools or other types of seating along with the movement of seating across the floor. This results in the generation of electrostatic charge that can accumu
17、late on the seating and on personnel. The affect of this generation and accumulation of electrostatic charge can be minimized with the appropriate selection of seating. To effectively control electrostatic discharge, seating must be used in combination with an ESD controlled floor or mat. Seating is
18、 not a primary means of controlling electrostatic charge buildup on personnel in an ESD protective work area. Personal wrist straps or other means of personnel grounding should be used for this purpose. This document was originally designated ESD STM12.1-1997 and approved on September 20, 1997. ANSI
19、/ESD STM12.1-2006 was a reaffirmation of ESD STM12.1-1997 and was approved on February 26, 2006. ANSI/ESD STM12.1-2013 is a revision of ANSI/ESD STM12.1-2006 and was approved on July 15, 2013. At the time ANSI/ESD STM12.1-2013 was prepared, the 12.0 Seating Subcommittee had the following members: Bi
20、ll DeJean, Chair TDI International Guy Kasai Gibo Kodama Chairs John Kinnear, TAS Rep IBM Scott Ward Texas Instruments At the time ESD STM12.1-1997 was prepared, the 12.0 Seating Subcommittee had the following members: Stanley Weitz, Chair Electro-Tech Systems, Inc. Jim Frobose Biofit Larry Fromm He
21、wlett- Packard David Gerke Eck Adams Ken Hansen Tellabs Don Hyman Storage Technology Tom Judkins Gibo Kodama Arnold Krumrie Steelcase 1 Standard Test Method (STM): A definitive procedure for the identification, measurement and evaluation of one or more qualities, characteristics or properties of a m
22、aterial, product, system or process that yield a reproducible test result. ANSI/ESD STM12.1-2013 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 PURPOSE, SCOPE, AND APPLICATION . 1 1.1 PURPOSE . 1 1.2 SCOPE . 1 1.3 APPLICATION 1 2.0 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . 1 3.0 DEFINITIONS 1 4.0 PERSONNEL SAFETY . 1 5.0 TEST METHODS 2 5.1
23、 APPARATUS REQUIREMENTS . 2 5.1.1 Resistance Measurement Apparatus (Meter) 2 5.1.2 Resistance Measurement Electrode(s) . 2 5.2 TEST PROCEDURES - QUALIFICATION TESTING . 3 5.2.1 Specimen Preparation . 3 5.2.2 Cleaning of Specimens 3 5.2.3 Humidity Conditioning 3 5.2.4 Specimen Support Surface 3 5.2.5
24、 Measurements . 3 5.2.6 Reporting of Test Results 4 5.3 TEST PROCEDURES - ACCEPTANCE TESTING . 4 5.3.1 Specimen Preparation . 4 5.3.2 Cleaning of Specimens 4 5.3.3 Conditions for Test . 4 5.3.4 Measurements . 4 5.3.5 Reporting of Test Results 4 6.0 RESISTANCE GUIDELINES 4 7.0 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 4
25、8.0 COMPLIANCE VERIFICATION 5 FIGURES Figure 1: Resistance to Groundable Point Test Positions 5 Figure 2: Seating Component Test Positions . 6 Figure 3: Seating Resistance Characterization Data Sheet . 7 ANNEXES Annex A (Informative): Bibliography . 8 Annex B (Informative): ANSI/ESD STM12.1-2013 Rev
26、ision History 9ESD Association Standard Test Method ANSI/ESD STM12.1-2013 1 ESD Association Standard Test Method for the Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items - Seating - Resistance Measurement 1.0 PURPOSE, SCOPE, AND APPLICATION 1.1 Purpose This document provides test methods for
27、measuring the electrical resistance of seating used for the control of electrostatic charge. This standard test method provides test methods for the qualification of seating prior to installation or application. 1.2 Scope The test methods established here are designed to measure the resistance of se
28、ating. The resistances considered here are measured from various components of the seating to a groundable point such as a conductive caster or a drag chain. Resistivity measurements are not within the scope or purpose of this standard test method. 1.3 Application This document relies on resistance
29、measurements utilizing standard instruments to provide a means of evaluating seating. This document does not apply to electrically initiated explosive devices, flammable liquids, or powders. 2.0 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ESD ADV1.0, ESD Associations Glossary of Terms2 ANSI/ESD S4.1, Worksurfaces Resistan
30、ce Measurements2 ANSI/ESD S7.1, Floor Materials Characterization of Materials2 ANSI/ESD S8.1, Symbols - ESD2 ANSI/ESD S6.1, Grounding2 ASTM D2240, Test for Rubber Property Durometer Hardness3 3.0 DEFINITIONS The terms used in the body of this document are in accordance with the definitions found in
31、ESD ADV1.0, ESD Associations Glossary of Terms available for complimentary download at www.esda.org. 4.0 PERSONNEL SAFETY The procedures and equipment described in this document may expose personnel to hazardous electrical conditions. Users of this document are responsible for selecting equipment th
32、at complies with applicable laws, regulatory codes, and both external and internal policy. Users are cautioned that this document cannot replace or supersede any requirements for personnel safety. Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) and other safety protection should be considered wherever pers
33、onnel might come into contact with electrical sources. Electrical hazard reduction practices should be exercised and proper grounding instructions for equipment should be followed. 2 ESD Association, 7900 Turin Road, Bldg 3, Ste 2, Rome, NY, 13440-2069, 315-339-6937, www.esda.org 3 American Society
34、for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, 610-832-9500 ANSI/ESD STM12.1-2013 2 The resistance measurements obtained through the use of this test method shall not be used to determine the relative safety of personnel exposed to high AC or DC voltages.
35、5.0 TEST METHODS This section describes the test methods for measuring the electrical resistance of ESD protective seating for qualification and acceptance testing. 5.1 Apparatus Requirements 5.1.1 Resistance Measurement Apparatus (Meter) The measurement apparatus, called the meter, whether it is a
36、single meter or a collection of instruments, that are capable of the following: For Product Qualification The meter shall have DC voltage of 10 volts ( 5%) while under load for measurements less than 1.0 x 106 ohms and 100 volts ( 5%) while under load for measurements of 1.0 x 106 ohms and above. Th
37、e meter shall be capable of making measurements from 1.0 x 103 ohms to 1.0 x 1011 ohms. For Acceptance Testing A meter meeting the requirements of the product qualification meter may be used for acceptance testing, or: The meter shall have a DC open circuit voltage of 10 volts ( 5%) for measurements
38、 less than 1.0 x 106 ohms and 100 volts ( 5%) for measurements of 1.0 x 106ohms and above. The meter shall be capable of making measurements from 1.0 x 103 ohms to 1.0 x 1011 ohms. In case of disagreement, the meter used for product qualification will be used to resolve any disputes. NOTE: Both test
39、 leads should be capable of being isolated from ground. AC line powered resistance measuring devices may give erroneous results due to undefined ground paths. Battery-powered equipment is recommended. 5.1.2 Resistance Measurement Electrode(s) Cylindrical electrode, 2.27 kg 2.5% (5 pounds 2.5%) with
40、a diameter of 63.5 mm 5% (2.5 inches 5%) having a contact of electrically conductive material with a Shore-A (IRHD) durometer hardness between 50 and 70. The resistance between two electrodes should be less than 1x103 ohms when measured on a metallic surface. One bare metal plate, with suggested dim
41、ensions of 12.7 x 25.4 x 0.16 cm thick (5 x 10 x 0.062 inches thick), or of sufficient thickness to support the weight of the seating without becoming distorted. NOTE: Electrodes that meet ASTM F-1503 and NFPA 994 also meet these characteristics. NOTE: If aluminum foil covered electrode(s) are used,
42、 a correlation between the conductive rubber electrode and the aluminum foil covered electrode should be established for each material to be measured. Conductive rubber electrodes are used for material evaluation and qualification. NOTE: Over time, conductive rubber materials used as the contact sur
43、face of the probes can warp. This could cause measurements to change. At this time there is no standardized method to verify if this has occurred but the user should be aware of this phenomenon. NOTE: These electrodes conform to ANSI/ESD S4.1 except the electrodes shall be insulated from the operato
44、r by a resistance greater than 1.0 x 1010 ohms when measured at 100 volts. This may be accomplished by either an insulating sleeve over the electrode or body or by the operator using insulative 4 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101 A
45、NSI/ESD STM12.1-2013 3 gloves or material on both hands. The operator should exercise caution when making measurements to avoid alternate resistance paths to ground. 5.2 Test Procedures Qualification Testing This procedure shall be used to qualify seating as ESD protective. 5.2.1 Specimen Preparatio
46、n Number of specimens: Three, labeled from 1 to 3. Each specimen of seating shall be configured in the manner in which it will be used in the intended application. 5.2.2 Cleaning of Specimens Seating surfaces: Clean per manufacturers instructions. Casters or other groundable point: Clean surfaces wi
47、th a minimum 70% isopropanol water solution using a clean, low-linting cloth. Clean the electrodes with a minimum 70% isopropanol-water solution using a clean, low-linting cloth. Allow the electrodes to air dry. 5.2.3 Humidity Conditioning Low Humidity Environment A low humidity environment shall be
48、 an environment of 12 3% relative humidity and 23 3oC. Preconditioning of the samples shall be a period of at least 48 hours. If the test environment holds less than the required number of seating units, repeat this procedure until all the samples have been conditioned and tested. 5.2.4 Specimen Sup
49、port Surface A planar (flat) surface, when used for specimen support, shall have a surface resistivity greater than 1.0 x 1013 ohms/square when measured per ASTM D257 or a surface resistance greater than 1.0 x 1012 ohms when measured per ANSI/ESD STM11.11. 5.2.5 Measurements Connect the measuring apparatus to the specimen as follows: a. Place the seating on the specimen support surface such that all groundable points make contact with the specimen support surface. (Label all ground points A through F as needed.) b. Place the metal plate such that it is in
