1、 ANSI/ESD STM2.1-2013 Revision of ESD STM2.1-1997 For the Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items Garments - Resistive Characterization Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3 Rome, NY 13440 An American National Standard Approved September 9, 2013 ANSI/ESD STM2.1
2、-2013 ESD Association Standard Test Method for the Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items - Garments - Resistive Characterization Approved February 19, 2013 EOS/ESD Association, Inc. ANSI/ESD STM2.1-2013 Electrostatic Discharge Association (ESDA) standards and publications are desig
3、ned to serve the public interest by eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating the interchangeability and improvement of products and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining the proper product for his particular needs. The existence of such standards
4、and publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of the Association from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such standards and publications. Nor shall the fact that a standard or publication that is published by the Association preclude its voluntary use b
5、y non-members of the Association, whether the document is to be used either domestically or internationally. Recommended standards and publications are adopted by the ESDA in accordance with the ANSI Patent policy. Interpretation of ESDA Standards: The interpretation of standards in-so-far as it may
6、 relate to a specific product or manufacturer is a proper matter for the individual company concerned and cannot be undertaken by any person acting for the ESDA. The ESDA Standards Chairman may make comments limited to an explanation or clarification of the technical language or provisions in a stan
7、dard, but not related to its application to specific products and manufacturers. No other person is authorized to comment on behalf of the ESDA on any ESDA Standard. THE CONTENTS OF ESDAS STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS ARE PROVIDED “AS-IS,” AND ESDA MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR I
8、MPLIED, OF ANY KIND WITH RESPECT TO SUCH CONTENTS. ESDA DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, TITLE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. ESDA STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS ARE CONSIDERED TECHNICALLY SOUND AT
9、 THE TIME THEY ARE APPROVED FOR PUBLICATION. THEY ARE NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR A PRODUCT SELLERS OR USERS OWN JUDGEMENT WITH RESPECT TO ANY PARTICULAR PRODUCT DISCUSSED, AND ESDA DOES NOT UNDERTAKE TO GUARANTEE THE PERFORMANCE OF ANY INDIVIDUAL MANUFACTURERS PRODUCTS BY VIRTUE OF SUCH STANDARDS OR PUBLI
10、CATIONS. THUS, ESDA EXPRESSLY DISLAIMS ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE, APPLICATION, OR RELIANCE BY OTHERS ON THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THESE STANDARDS OR PUBLICATIONS. NEITHER ESDA, NOR ITS MEMBERS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, OR OTHER REPRESENTATIVES WILL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARIS
11、ING OUT OF, OR IN CONNECTION WITH, THE USE OR MISUSE OF ESDA STANDARDS OR PUBLICATIONS, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY THAT APPLIES TO ALL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOSS OF DATA, INCOME OR PROFIT, LOSS OF OR DAMAGE
12、 TO PROPERTY, AND CLAIMS OF THIRD PARTIES. Published by: Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3 Rome, NY 13440 Copyright 2013 by EOS/ESD Association, Inc. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwi
13、se, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-58537-243-9CAUTION NOTICE DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES DISCLAIMER OF GUARANTY LIMITATION ON ESDAs LIABILITY ANSI/ESD STM2.1-2013 i (This foreword is not part of ESD Association standard test method
14、 ANSI/ESD STM2.1-2013) FOREWORD This standard test method1(STM) provides test methods for evaluating the electrical resistance of garments that contain surface conductive or dissipative components or materials used in the electronics industry for the control of electrostatic discharge. This document
15、 defines procedures for measuring electrical resistance, including a system resistance test for garments that provide a ground path for personnel. Clothing made from synthetic fibers is a common source of electrostatic charge. Wearing an appropriate static control garment over personal clothing can
16、minimize the effect of this charge. To effectively control electrostatic charges, the static control garment must be grounded. Three categories of garments are considered in this document. ESD Category 1 garment; a static control garment may suppress or otherwise affect an electric field from clothi
17、ng worn underneath the garment without being attached to ground. However, without grounding, a charge may accumulate on conductive or dissipative elements of a garment, if present, resulting in a charged source. ESD Category 2 garment; a groundable static control garment, when connected to ground, p
18、rovides a higher level of suppression of the affects of an electric field from clothing worn underneath the garment. ESD Category 3 garment; a groundable static control garment system provides a ground path for a person that suppresses the electrical field from clothing worn underneath the garment a
19、nd also bonds the skin of the test subject to an identified ground path. Groundable static control garment systems may also be used in conjunction with a continuous or constant monitoring system in a manner similar to those used in continuous monitoring of wrist straps in an ESD protected area (EPA)
20、. Resistive characterization is only one aspect to consider in evaluating garments for any specific application. To fully characterize a garment, electrical field attenuation, static charge decay, peak voltage, residual voltage and triboelectric charging may need to be considered. Other attributes r
21、elated to applications and environments, such as cleanroom compatibility, chemical and fire resistance, etc., should be evaluated in the garment selection process but are beyond the scope of this document. Garments constructed from fabrics made with fibers that are not surface conductive but may hav
22、e other related properties that impart some level of electrostatic charge dissipation or suppression when connected to ground, are not specifically measured by the methods provided in this STM. Some garment fabrics and construction may allow for surface voltage accumulation and charge transfer to oc
23、cur, which may be detrimental to electronic items. This document was originally designated ANSI/ESD STM2.1-1997 and approved on September 20, 1997. On September 7, 2011, ANSI administratively withdrew ANSI/ESD STM2.1-1997 and the document was redesignated ESD STM2.1-1997. ANSI/ESD STM2.1-2013 is a r
24、evision of ESD STM2.1-1997 and was approved on February 10, 2013. 1ESD Association Standard Test Method (STM): A definitive procedure for the identification, measurement and evaluation of one or more qualities, characteristics or properties of a material, product, system or process that yields a rep
25、roducible test result. ANSI/ESD STM2.1-2013 ii At the time ANSI/ESD STM2.1-2013 was prepared, the 2.0 Garments Subcommittee had the following members: Kurt Edwards, Chair Lubrizol Conductive Polymers Kay Adams Tech Wear, Inc. Tom Albano Exelis, Inc. Geospatial Systems Donn Bellmore Advanced ESD Serv
26、ices + Rejean Dion Bystat International, Inc. Gene Felder Desco Industries, Inc. Gene Monroe NASA - LARC Dale Parkin Seagate Technology David E. Swenson, TAS Rep Affinity Static Control Consulting, LLC Julius Turangan Ovation Polymers Bob Vermillion RMV Technology Group, LLC The following individual
27、s contributed to the development of ANSI/ESD STM2.1-2013: Donald Boehm Dou Yee Enterprises Ron Gibson Advanced Static Control Consulting Jay Hamlin Medtronic Michele McSwain Carl Newberg Microstat Labs Elaine Olson Intel Corporation At the time ESD STM2.1-1997 was prepared, the 2.0 Garments Subcommi
28、ttee had the following members: Kay Adams, Chair Tech Wear, Inc. Sheila Akins-Davis Fluke Electronics Corporation Julius Brodbeck USAF Edward B. Davis Vidaro Corp. Ron Gibson Celestica, Inc. Vaughn Gross IBM Micro Electronics Kelly Hogan Litton Guidance the resistance point to groundable point test
29、method (Figures 4, 6a, 6b and 7); and the system test to determine the resistance from the person, through the garment groundable point of the garment to the groundable point, including the ground cord (Figures 8a and 8b). 1.3.3 The BCP measurement test method is provided in Section 6.3.3.3 for garm
30、ents so equipped. The cuff test fixture shown in Figure 2 and applied in Figure 7 is required for these measurements. This cuff test fixture is also described in ANSI/ESD S1.1 - Wrist Straps. ANSI/ESD STM2.1-2013 2 2.0 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS Unless otherwise specified, the following documents of th
31、e latest issue, revision or amendment form a part of this standard to the extent specified herein: ESD ADV1.0, ESD Associations Glossary of Terms2 ANSI/ESD S1.1, Wrist Straps2 ESD TR53, Compliance Verification of ESD Protective Equipment and Materials2 ASTM D257, Standard Test Method for DC Resistan
32、ce or Conductance of Insulating Materials33.0 DEFINITIONS The terms used in the body of this document are in accordance with the definitions found in ESD ADV1.0, ESD Associations Glossary of Terms available for complimentary download at www.esda.org. Body Contact Point (BCP). The portion of the ESD
33、control item that makes electrical contact with the human body. For a garment, this may be a conductive cuff or a device that takes the place of a wrist strap or a wristband type grounding mechanism for contact to the wrist of the test subject. Ground Termination Point (Gtp). The end of the bonding
34、conductor that attaches to the common connection point or common point ground within an Electrostatic Protected Area (EPA). Resistance Point-to-Point (Rpp). The resistance in ohms measured from one cylindrical electrode to the other cylindrical electrode on the surface of the same panel, between two
35、 different panels or between two Body Contact Points (BCP) of a garment. Resistance Point-to-Groundable Point (Rpgp). The resistance in ohms measured between a single cylindrical electrode placed on a surface and a garment groundable point (Gp). 4.0 PERSONNEL SAFETY The procedures and equipment desc
36、ribed in this document may expose personnel to hazardous electrical conditions. Users of this document are responsible for selecting equipment that complies with applicable laws, regulatory codes, and both external and internal policy. Users are cautioned that this document cannot replace or superse
37、de any requirements for personnel safety. Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) and other safety protection should be considered wherever personnel might come into contact with electrical sources. Electrical hazard reduction practices should be exercised and proper grounding instructions for equi
38、pment should be followed. The resistance measurements obtained through the use of this test method shall not be used to determine the relative safety of personnel exposed to high AC or DC voltages. 2EOS/ESD Association, Inc., 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3, Rome, NY 13440; Ph: 315-339-6937; FAX: 315-339-6
39、793; www.esda.org 3American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1187, 215-299-5400 ANSI/ESD STM2.1-2013 3 5.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS 5.1 Test Equipment Requirements 5.1.1 Resistance Measurement Apparatus The measurement apparatus, called the meter, whe
40、ther it is a single meter or a collection of instruments that are capable of the following: 5.1.1.1 For Product Qualification The meter shall have a DC circuit voltage of 10 volts ( 5%) while under load for measurements less than 1.0 x 106ohms and 100 volts ( 5%) while under load for measurements of
41、 1.0 x 106 ohms and above. The meter shall be capable of making measurements from 1.0 x 103ohms to 1.0 x 1012 ohms. 5.1.1.2 For Acceptance Testing A meter meeting the requirements of the product qualification meter may be used for acceptance testing, or the meter shall have a DC open circuit voltage
42、 of 10 volts ( 5%) for measurements less than 1.0 x 106 ohms and 100 volts ( 5%) for measurements of 1.0 x 106 ohms and above. The meter shall be capable of making measurements from 1.0 x 103 ohms to 1.0 x 1012 ohms. In case of disagreement the meter used for product qualification will be used to re
43、solve any disputes. 5.1.1.3 For Periodic Verification of a Groundable Static Control Garment System (Category 3) Integrated tester or meter, whether it is a single meter (ohmmeter) or a collection of instruments that are capable of measuring from 5.0 x 104ohms to greater than or equal to 1.0 x 108oh
44、ms with a test voltage from 7 to 30 volts DC open circuit. Some integrated testers require manual selection to wrist strap resistance test ranges. NOTE: For all meter applications, both test leads should be capable of being isolated from ground. AC line powered resistance measuring devices may give
45、erroneous results due to undefined ground paths. NOTE: The meters in 5.1.1.1 and 5.1.1.2 may be used at their 10 volt setting. NOTE: The pass/fail limit for integrated testers used for the system test described in 6.3.4.2 and 6.5.3.2 is 35 megohms. 5.1.1.4 Compliance Verification See ESD TR53 - Comp
46、liance Verification of ESD Protective Equipment and Materials.2 5.1.2 Resistance Measurement Electrode(s) 5.1.2.1 Cylindrical Electrodes Two cylindrical electrodes with a weight of 2.27 kg 2.5% (5 pounds 2.5%) and a diameter of 63.5 mm 5% (2.5 inches 5%) having a contact of electrically conductive m
47、aterial with a Shore-A (IRHD) durometer hardness between 50 and 70. The resistance between two electrodes should be less than 1.0 x 103 ohms when measured on a metallic surface. ANSI/ESD STM2.1-2013 4 NOTE: Over time, conductive rubber materials used as the contact surface of the electrodes can warp
48、. This could cause measurements to change. At this time, there is no standardized method to verify if this has occurred, but the user should be aware of this phenomenon. 5.1.2.2 Clamp/Electrodes The clamp/electrodes shall consist of two flat electrically conductive plates (e.g., stainless steel) wit
49、h a dimension of approximately 50 mm x 25 mm (2 inches x 1 inch) each as shown in Figure 1. The clamp/electrodes shall be electrically conductive with sufficient compression force to retain and suspend the garment (see Figure 10). 5.1.2.3 Cuff Test Fixture An insulative stand and two stainless steel cylinders approximately 25 mm (1 inch) in diameter, with one cylinder fixed to the stand directly above the second. The second cylinder weighs approximately 0.11 kg (0.25 lb) and is mounted in a slot in the insulative stand that allows free vertical movement (see Figu
