1、 ANSI/ESD STM7.1-2013 Revision and Re-designation of ANSI/ESD S7.1-2005 For the Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items Floor Materials Characterization of Materials Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3 Rome, NY 13440 An American National Standard Approved May
2、 13, 2014ANSI/ESD STM7.1-2013 ESD Association Standard Test Method for the Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items - Floor Materials Characterization of Materials Approved July 15, 2013 ESD Association ANSI/ESD STM7.1-2013 Electrostatic Discharge Association (ESDA) standards and publ
3、ications are designed to serve the public interest by eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating the interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining the proper product for his particular needs. The existence
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12、T, LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY, AND CLAIMS OF THIRD PARTIES. Published by: Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3 Rome, NY 13440 Copyright 2014 by ESD Association All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system
13、or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-58537-262-5 CAUTION NOTICE DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES DISCLAIMER OF GUARANTY LIMITATION ON ESDAs LIABILITY ANSI/ESD STM7.1-2013 i (This foreword is not part of ESD Association Standard
14、Test Method ANSI/ESD STM7.1-2013) FOREWORD This standard test method1 is intended to provide test methods for evaluating floor materials used to control electrostatic charge. This standard test method covers all floor materials including floor mats, floor coverings, coatings, paints, and floor finis
15、hes. This standard test method is limited to defining procedures for measuring electrical resistance. Electrical resistance is one property that can be used to evaluate the electrostatic performance of floor materials. However, resistance does not fully characterize these materials. An additional pr
16、operty to be considered in the selection and use of floor materials includes triboelectric charge generation; however, this is beyond the scope of this document. A common source of electrostatic charge in a work environment is the separation of foot or caster from the floor, resulting in the generat
17、ion of electrostatic charge that can accumulate on personnel and equipment. The effect of this generation and accumulation of electrostatic charge can be minimized with appropriate selection or treatment of the floor material. To effectively control electrostatic charge, floor materials should be us
18、ed in conjunction with ESD controlled footwear, wheels, or casters. This standard test method was originally designated ESD S7.1-1994 and was approved on February 27, 1994. ANSI/ESD STM7.1-2001 was a reaffirmation, re-designation of ESD S7.1-1994 and was approved on May 20, 2001. ANSI/ESD STM7.1-200
19、5 was a revision, re-designation of ANSI/ESD S7.1-2001 and was approved on February 15, 2005. ANSI/ESD STM7.1-2013 is a revision and re-designation of ANSI/ESD S7.1-2005 and was approved on July 15, 2013. At the time ANSI/ESD STM7.1-2013 was prepared, the 7.0 Flooring Subcommittee had the following
20、members: Dale Tucker, Chair Floorfolio Industries Brent Beamer 3M Rejean Dion Bystat International Dale Gross Flexco Corporation Bruno Guidotti Forbo Flooring Jose Sancho NASA/GSFC/Honeywell TSI Bob Vermillion RMV Technology Group, LLC 1 ESD Association Standard Test Method (STM): A definitive proce
21、dure for the identification, measurement and evaluation of one or more qualities, characteristics, or properties of a material, product, system, or process that yields reproducible test results. ANSI/ESD STM7.1-2013 ii At the time ANSI/ESD S7.1-2005 was prepared, the 7.0 Flooring Subcommittee had th
22、e following members: Dale Tucker Floorfolio Industries Larry Burich Lockheed Martin Stephen Folwer Fowler Associates Dale Gross Flexco Bruno Guidotti Forbo Flooring Tom Hume Feudenberg Building Systems Andreas Mueller Freudenberg Building Systems Karen Yi Lockheed Martin At the time ESD S7.1-1994 wa
23、s prepared, the 7.0 Flooring Subcommittee had the following members: Paul Petersen, Chairman 3M Canada Bill Klein K Hot Water Extraction Method5 2 ESD Association, 7900 Turin Road, Bldg 3, Rome, NY 13440-2069, 315-339-6937, www.esda.org 3 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Bar Ha
24、rbour Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428. 4 International Institute of Carpet and Upholstery Certification 2715 E. Mill Blvd., Vancouver, WA 98661, 206-693-5675 5 AATCC, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709-2215, 919-549-8141 ANSI/ESD STM7.1-2013 2 3.0 DEFINITIONS The terms used in the b
25、ody of this document are in accordance with the definitions found in ESD ADV1.0, ESD Associations Glossary of Terms available for complimentary download at www.esda.org. Conductive flooring material. A floor material that has a resistance to ground of less than or equal to 1.0 x 106 ohms. Dissipativ
26、e flooring material. A floor material that has a resistance to ground of greater than 1.0 x 106 ohms and less than or equal to 1.0 x 109 ohms. 4.0 PERSONNEL SAFETY The procedures and equipment described in this document may expose personnel to hazardous electrical conditions. Users of this document
27、are responsible for selecting equipment that complies with applicable laws, regulatory codes, and both external and internal policy. Users are cautioned that this document cannot replace or supersede any requirements for personnel safety. Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) and other safety pro
28、tection should be considered wherever personnel might come into contact with electrical sources. Electrical hazard reduction practices should be exercised and proper grounding instructions for equipment shall be followed. The resistance measurements obtained through the use of this test method shall
29、 not be used to determine the relative safety of personnel exposed to high AC or DC voltages. 5.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS 5.1 Equipment Requirements 5.1.1 Resistance Measurement Apparatus The measurement apparatus, called the meter, whether it is a single meter or a collection of instruments that ar
30、e capable of the following: 5.1.1.1 For Product Qualification The meter shall have DC voltage of 10 volts ( 5%) while under load for measurements less than 1.0 x 106 ohms and 100 volts ( 5%) while under load for measurements of 1.0 x 106 ohms and above. The meter shall be capable of making measureme
31、nts from 1.0 x 103 ohms to 1.0 x 1010 ohms. 5.1.1.2 For Acceptance Testing The Product Qualification meter may be used for acceptance testing or the following: The meter shall have a DC open circuit voltage of 10 volts ( 5%) for measurements less than 1.0 x 106 ohms and 100 volts ( 5%) for measureme
32、nts of 1.0 x 106 ohms and above. The meter shall be capable of making measurements from 1.0 x 103 ohms to 1.0 x 1010 ohms. In case of disagreement the meter used for Product Qualification will be used to resolve any disputes. 5.1.2 Resistance Measurement Electrode(s) Cylindrical electrode, 2.27 kg 2
33、.5% (5 pounds 2.5%) with a diameter of 63.5 mm 5% (2.5 inches 5%) having a contact of electrically conductive material with a Shore-A (IRHD) durometer hardness between 50 and 70. The resistance between two electrodes should be less than 1 x 103 ohms when measured on a metallic surface. Conductive ru
34、bber electrodes are used for material evaluation and qualification. ANSI/ESD STM7.1-2013 3 NOTE: Electrodes that meet ASTM F1503 and NFPA 996 also meet these characteristics. NOTE: If aluminum foil covered electrode(s) are used, a correlation between the conductive rubber electrode and the aluminum
35、foil covered electrode should be established for each material to be measured. NOTE: Over time, conductive rubber materials used as the contact surface of the probes can warp. This could cause measurements to change. At this time there is no standardized method to verify if this has occurred but the
36、 user should be aware of this phenomenon. 6.0 TEST PROCEDURES 6.1 Product Qualification For all Product Qualifications the meter specified in 5.1.1.1 shall be used. 6.1.1 Environment 6.1.1.1 Low Humidity Environment A low humidity environment shall be an environment of 12 3% relative humidity and 23
37、 3oC. Preconditioning of the samples shall be a period of at least 72 hours. Note: Some flooring materials (carpet) will require longer time to reach the desired level. 6.1.1.2 Moderate Humidity Environment A moderate humidity environment shall be an environment of 50 5% relative humidity and 23 3o
38、C. Preconditioning of the samples shall be a period of at least 72 hours. Note: Some flooring materials (carpet) will require longer time to reach the desired level. 6.1.2 Materials 6.1.2.1 Support Material A surface when used for specimen support shall have a surface resistivity greater than 1.0 x
39、1013 ohms/square when measured per ASTM D257 or a surface resistance greater than 1.0 x 1012 ohms when measured per ANSI/ESD STM11.11. For test methods using 2.27 kg 2.5% (5 pounds 2.5%), 63.5 mm 5% (2.5 inches 5%) electrodes, an alternate method to verify the properties of the specimen support surf
40、ace may be used by measuring the resistance point-to-point of the material with the electrodes spaced at least 15 cm (6 inches) apart (edge-to-edge). A resistance point-to-point of at least one order of magnitude greater than the upper limit of the item being measured is required. 6.1.2.2 Specimen A
41、 specimen shall be large enough that a 305 mm by 610 mm (12 inches x 24 inches) test area can be defined as in Figures 1 and 2. If the installed product has seams, then the test sample must include a seam. 6.1.2.2.1 If the specimen is a floor finish or similar product, it may require alternative sub
42、strates to accommodate this testing procedure. If required, mount the manufacturers recommended substrate material, according to the manufacturers instructions, to the support material as described in 6.1.2.1. 6.1.3 Specimen Preparation 6.1.3.1 Mount floor surface specimens on the defined support ma
43、terial, using manufacturers recommendations. If the specimen under test is a floor finish, apply or coat to the recommended substrate according to the manufacturers specification. 6 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101 ANSI/ESD STM7.1
44、-2013 4 6.1.3.2 Number of specimens shall be a minimum of 5, labeled from 1 to 5. 6.1.3.3 Each sample shall have two groundable points that simulate end use grounding methods. 6.1.4 Pre-conditioning 6.1.4.1 Cleaning of specimens 6.1.4.1.1 Flooring, Mats, or Other Hard Surface Materials Follow manufa
45、cturers instructions. 6.1.4.1.2 Carpet or Similar Textile Materials Clean with standard hot water extraction cleaning procedures such as those described in IICUC S001-1991 or AATCC-171 and AATCC-138 or follow manufacturers recommendations. 6.1.4.1.3 Floor Finishes Remove any surface contamination by
46、 wiping with a clean, dry, low-linting cloth. 6.1.5 Humidity Conditioning After cleaning the specimens place the specimens in the low humidity environment (see 6.1.1.1) for 72 hours minimum. Perform the tests in 6.1.6 and 6.1.7 in the conditioning environment. At the conclusion of the low humidity t
47、esting place the samples into the moderate humidity environment (see 6.1.1.2) for 72 hours minimum and then repeat the tests in 6.1.6 and 6.1.7 in the conditioning environment. Note: Some flooring materials (carpet) will require longer time to reach the desired level. 6.1.6 Resistance to Groundable
48、Point Refer to Figure 1. 6.1.6.1 Clean electrode with a minimum 70% isopropanol-water solution using a clean, low-linting cloth. Allow electrode to air dry. 6.1.6.2 Connect one lead of the meter to groundable point A and the other lead to the electrode. 6.1.6.3 Place the electrode at position 1. Set
49、 the voltage to 10 volts. Energize the measurement equipment. If the indicated resistance is less than 1.0 x 106 ohms, record the value after 5 seconds and continue with the next specimen or next step of the procedure. If the indicated resistance is equal to or greater than 1.0 x 106 ohms, de-energize the equipment. Energize the measurement equipment at 100 volts. Record the resistance after 15 seconds or after the measurement has stabilized. NOTE: If switching the test voltage to 100 volts results in a resistance reading of less than 1.0 x 106 ohms,
