1、T 1009 om-10 OFFICIAL METHOD 1992 WITHDRAWN 2000 REVISED AND REINSTATED 2006 REAFFIRMED 2010 2010 TAPPI The information and data contained in this document were prepared by a technical committee of the Association. The committee and the Association assume no liability or responsibility in connection
2、 with the use of such information or data, including but not limited to any liability under patent, copyright, or trade secret laws. The user is responsible for determining that this document is the most recent edition published. Approved by the Standard Specific Interest Group for this Test Method
3、TAPPI CAUTION: This Test Method may include safety precautions which are believed to be appropriate at the time of publication of the method. The intent of these is to alert the user of the method to safety issues related to such use. The user is responsible for determining that the safety precautio
4、ns are complete and are appropriate to their use of the method, and for ensuring that suitable safety practices have not changed since publication of the method. This method may require the use, disposal, or both, of chemicals which may present serious health hazards to humans. Procedures for the ha
5、ndling of such substances are set forth on Material Safety Data Sheets which must be developed by all manufacturers and importers of potentially hazardous chemicals and maintained by all distributors of potentially hazardous chemicals. Prior to the use of this method, the user must determine whether
6、 any of the chemicals to be used or disposed of are potentially hazardous and, if so, must follow strictly the procedures specified by both the manufacturer, as well as local, state, and federal authorities for safe use and disposal of these chemicals. Tensile strength and elongation at break for fi
7、ber glass mats 1. Scope This method covers the determination of the tensile strength and elongation at break of fiber glass mats. 2. Applicable documents 2.1 TAPPI T 494 “Tensile Breaking Properties of Paper and Paperboard (Using Constant Rate of Elongation Apparatus).” 2.2 TAPPI T 1007 “Sample Loca
8、tion.” 3. Summary of method The average tensile strength and elongation of fiber glass mat is determined by fixing the test specimen in place with a suitable clamping mechanism and then applying a smoothly increasing load until the specimen breaks. 4. Significance Tensile strength and elongation are
9、 fundamental properties associated with fiber glass mats since both properties are influenced by the kind and treatment of the fiber, by the manner in which the sheet has been formed and by the binder and curing conditions employed in the mat production. Tensile strength and elongation measurements
10、indicate the potential resistance to breaking when the fiber glass mat is subjected to stress during subsequent converting operations or in the finished product. 5. Apparatus 5.1 Tensile testing machine, having the following characteristics: 5.1.1 Two jaws, 3 in. (76 mm) wide with clamping surfaces
11、in the same plane parallel to the direction of motion of the applied stress and so aligned that they hold the test specimen in that plane throughout the test without slippage and without damage to the sample. The four faces of the jaws should be padded with a thin strip of soft T 1009 om-10 Tensile
12、strength and elongation at break for fiber glass mats / 2 gasket rubber to prevent slippage and damage to the test specimen. At the start of the test, the edges of the jaws are set apart at 6 0.1 in. (152 2 mm) for both the constant rate of strain tester and the pendulum-type tester. 5.1.2 Means for
13、 applying a smoothly increasing force to the test specimen until it breaks, the increase being such that the additional force applied each second is not different by more than 10% from the additional force applied in the previous second. NOTE 1: This condition is fulfilled by most motor-driven tensi
14、le breaking testers, including the pendulum-type and constant rate of strain-type. The recommended maximum rate of extension is 12 in./min (30 cm/min) for pendulum testers and 2 in./min (5 cm/min) for load cell test machines. For more accurate measurement of elongation, slower rates of extension are
15、 necessary for some materials. 5.1.3 Means of indicating elongation of the specimen at failure to within 1%. 5.1.4 Paper cutter, template or other specimen cutting device of suitable size to prepare specimens. The cutting edge of the device should produce specimens with clean, parallel edges without
16、 distorting the test specimens. 6. Calibration Calibration of the instrument should be accomplished in accordance with the manufacturers instructions in both procedure and frequency. 7. Test specimen 7.1 Obtain samples in accordance with TAPPI T 1007 “Sample Location.” For each sheet direction to be
17、 tested, cut at least 10 specimens with clean, parallel edges to a width within 1/32 in. (0.8 mm) of that specified. Avoid abnormalities, creases, and wrinkles. 7.2 Specimens tested on a constant rate of extension-type tester and pendulum-type tester shall be 3 in. 12 in. (75 mm 300 mm). 7.3 Alterna
18、te specimen sizes may be used, e.g. 3 9 in. (7.6 22.9 cm) or 2 10 in. (5.1 25.4 cm), provided that the gauge length (clamp separation) is not less than 6 in. (15.2 cm) and the specimen width is not less than 2 in. (5 cm). 8. Procedure 8.1 Condition all specimens prior to test at 77 5F (25 3C) and wi
19、th 50 5% relative humidity for at least one-half hour. Specimen should remain in conditioned atmosphere until test is run. 8.2 Clamp the specimen carefully in the top jaw, being certain that the specimen is aligned, and held securely enough so that the specimen will not slip, but not so tightly as t
20、o damage the specimen. When specimen is aligned, clamp securely in lower jaw. 8.3 Operate the constant rate of extension tester at 2 in./min (50 mm/min) crosshead speed, and pendulum-type tester at 12 in./min (300 mm/min) driven clamp speed. 8.4 Reject readings from individual specimens if the speci
21、men slips or breaks in or at the edge of the jaw face. 8.5 Record the results of each individual breaking force to the number of significant figures recommended by the manufacturer of the testing instrument. 8.6 Directly read or calculate the percent elongation in accordance with the procedure recom
22、mended by the manufacturer of the testing instrument, using the instrument recorder. 8.7 Calculate the average breaking force and average percent elongation for each specimen set. 9. Report 9.1 Report the average value of the breaking force as the tensile strength for both the machine and cross mach
23、ine direction of the fiber glass mat to the nearest 0.1 lbf/3 in. (0.006 kN/m) of width, or 0.1 lbf/in. (0.02 kN/m) of width. 9.2 Report the average value of elongation for both the machine and cross machine direction of the fiber glass mat to the nearest 0.1%. 3 / Tensile strength and elongation at
24、 break for fiber glass mats T 1009 om-10 9.3 The test report should include: 9.3.1 Test instrument used. 9.3.2 Cross head or driven clamp speed. 9.3.3 Specimen size. 9.3.4 Distance between jaws at start of test. 9.3.5 Number of specimens tested in each direction. 9.3.6 Standard deviation for each sp
25、ecimen set tested. 10. Precision 10.1 On the basis of studies made in accordance with TAPPI T 1200 “Interlaboratory Evaluation of Test Methods” test results, each representing an average of 10 determinations from the same sample (commercial 2.0 lb / 100 ft2fiberglass mat), are expected to agree with
26、in the amounts stated below. The study included five laboratories. 10.1.1 Average machine direction tensile strength 96.4 lbs/3 in. Repeatability 20 % - 19.6 lb/3 in. Reproducibility 21 % - 20.5 lb/3 in. 10.1.2 Average machine direction elongation 1.35% Repeatability 14 % - 0.19 elongation % Reprodu
27、cibility 17 % - 0.23 elongation % 10.1.3 Average cross-machine direction tensile strength: 67.0 lb/3 in. Repeatability 24 % - 16.1 lbs/3 in. Reproducibility 25 % - 16.5 lbs/3 in. 10.1.4 Average cross-machine direction elongation 1.19% Repeatability 16 % - 0.19 elongation % Reproducibility 20 % - 0.2
28、0 elongation % 11. Keywords Fiber mats, Glass fibers, Tensile strength, Elongation, Stretch 12. Additional information 12.1 Effective date of issue: October 6, 2010. 12.2 Referee instrument is constant rate of strain, load-cell-type. 12.3 For referee testing, laboratory conditions should be 77 2F (25 1C) and 50 3% relative humidity, or other conditions mutually agreed upon by buyer and seller. Your comments and suggestions on this procedure are earnestly requested and should be sent to the TAPPI Standards Department. g
